4 research outputs found

    Correlações entre a avaliação audiológica e a triagem cognitiva em idosos

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    RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a relação entre o desempenho auditivo para tom puro e fala e o desempenho cognitivo em pacientes idosos, considerando que a deterioração da entrada sensorial auditiva e das habilidades cognitivas é comum a essa população, trazendo consequências para a comunicação e funcionalidade do indivíduo. Métodos: trata se de um estudo observacional transversal, realizado com 103 idosos, avaliados na audição por meio da audiometria tonal e vocal e no desempenho cognitivo pelo Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Foram realizadas análises descritivas e de associação das variáveis média tonal das frequências de 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 Hz, Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Fala (IPRF) e pontuação do MEEM, sendo adotado nível de significância de 5% em todo estudo. Resultados: constatou se alta prevalência de perda auditiva neurossensorial de graus variados nos idosos avaliados, além da presença de alterações no reconhecimento de fala e nos resultados do MEEM, confirmando que tanto a presbiacusia quanto a existência de um possível declínio cognitivo são comuns a essa população. Não foi encontrada relevância estatística na análise da relação entre a Audiometria Tonal e MEEM, porém, entre o IPRF e MEEM houve associação estatisticamente significante. Conclusão: não houve associação entre de perda auditiva e o declínio cognitivo na população idosa estudada. No entanto, as análises realizadas entre o reconhecimento da fala aumenta a chance de alteração cognitiva

    NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

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    Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

    Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

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    As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
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