Ottoman and Old Anatolian Turkish Texts that as Influence Ranks from Dialects that are Source of These Texts Language

Bu makale iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Eski Anadolu Türkçesi metinleri ağızlardan etkilenme derecelerine göre genel bir sınıflandırmaya tabi tutulmuştur. İkinci kısımda ise, bu metinlerde kullanılan yazı dilinin hangi yerel ağızlara dayandığı araştırılmıştır. Sonuçta Eski Anadolu ve Osmanlı Türkçesi yazı diline kaç ağzın kaynaklık ettiği ve bunların dil özellikleri karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya konulmuştur. This article consists of two chapters. In the first chapter, Old Anatolian Turkish texts were classifıed in general according to the degrees they affected by different dialects. In the second chapter we examined from which local dialects these texts borrowed their textual language. To sum up, we pointed out how many dialects influenced Old Anatolian Turkish and Ottoman Turkish and compared the linguistic features of these dialects

Monte Carlo simulation for statistical mechanics model of ion channel cooperativity in cell membranes

Voltage-gated ion channels are key molecules for the generation and propagation of electrical signals in excitable cell membranes. The voltage-dependent switching of these channels between conducting and nonconducting states is a major factor in controlling the transmembrane voltage. In this study, a statistical mechanics model of these molecules has been discussed on the basis of a two-dimensional spin model. A new Hamiltonian and a new Monte Carlo simulation algorithm are introduced to simulate such a model. It was shown that the results well match the experimental data obtained from batrachotoxin-modified sodium channels in the squid giant axon using the cut-open axon technique.Comment: Paper has been revise

Modeling Stable Matching Problems with Answer Set Programming

The Stable Marriage Problem (SMP) is a well-known matching problem first introduced and solved by Gale and Shapley (1962). Several variants and extensions to this problem have since been investigated to cover a wider set of applications. Each time a new variant is considered, however, a new algorithm needs to be developed and implemented. As an alternative, in this paper we propose an encoding of the SMP using Answer Set Programming (ASP). Our encoding can easily be extended and adapted to the needs of specific applications. As an illustration we show how stable matchings can be found when individuals may designate unacceptable partners and ties between preferences are allowed. Subsequently, we show how our ASP based encoding naturally allows us to select specific stable matchings which are optimal according to a given criterion. Each time, we can rely on generic and efficient off-the-shelf answer set solvers to find (optimal) stable matchings.Comment: 26 page

A symmetry for vanishing cosmological constant

Two different realizations of a symmetry principle that impose a zero cosmological constant in an extra-dimensional set-up are studied. The symmetry is identified by multiplication of the metric by minus one. In the first realization of the symmetry this is provided by a symmetry transformation that multiplies the coordinates by the imaginary number i. In the second realization this is accomplished by a symmetry transformation that multiplies the metric tensor by minus one. In both realizations of the symmetry the requirement of the invariance of the gravitational action under the symmetry selects out the dimensions given by D = 2(2n+1), n=0,1,2,... and forbids a bulk cosmological constant. Another attractive aspect of the symmetry is that it seems to be more promising for quantization when compared to the usual scale symmetry. The second realization of the symmetry is more attractive in that it is posible to make a possible brane cosmological constant zero in a simple way by using the same symmetry, and the symmetry may be identified by reflection symmetry in extra dimensions.Comment: Talk in the conference IRGAC 2006, 2nd International Conference on Quantum Theories and Renormalization Group in Gravity and Cosmology, Barcelon

The chromospherically--active binary CF Tuc revisited

New high-resolution spectra, of the chromospherically active binary system CF Tuc, taken at the Mt. John University Observatory in 2007, were analyzed using two methods: cross-correlation and Fourier--based disentangling. As a result, new radial velocity curves of both components were obtained. The resulting orbital elements of CF Tuc are: $a_{1}{\sin}i$=$0.0254\pm0.0001$ AU, $a_{2}{\sin}i$=$0.0228\pm0.0001$ AU, $M_{1}{\sin}i$=$0.902\pm0.005$ $M_{\odot}$, and $M_{2}{\sin}i$=$1.008\pm0.006$ $M_{\odot}$. The cooler component of the system shows H$\alpha$ and CaII H & K emissions. Our spectroscopic data and recent $BV$ light curves were solved simultaneously using the Wilson-Devinney code. A dark spot on the surface of the cooler component was assumed to explain large asymmetries observed in the light curves. The following absolute parameters of the components were determined: $M_{1}$=$1.11\pm0.01$ $M_{\odot}$, $M_{2}$=$1.23\pm0.01$ $M_{\odot}$, $R_{1}$=$1.63\pm0.02$ $R_{\odot}$, $R_{2}$=$3.60\pm0.02$ $R_{\odot}$, $L_{1}$=$3.32\pm0.51$ $L_{\odot}$ and $L_{2}$=$3.91\pm0.84$ $L_{\odot}$. The orbital period of the system was studied using the O-C analysis. The O-C diagram could be interpreted in terms of either two abrupt changes or a quasi-sinusoidal form superimposed on a downward parabola. These variations are discussed by reference to the combined effect of mass transfer and mass loss, the Applegate mechanism and also a light-time effect due to the existence of a massive third body (possibly a black hole) in the system. The distance to CF Tuc was calculated to be $89\pm6$ pc from the dynamic parallax, neglecting interstellar absorption, in agreement with the Hipparcos value.Comment: 33 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA

Morphology-Dependent Energy Transfer of Polyflorene Nanoparticeles Decorating InGaN/GaN Quantum-Well Nanopillars

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs), prepared in aqueous dispersion from poly[(9,9-bis{3-bromopropyl}fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1,3}-thiodia- zole)] (PFBT-Br), are incorporated into a nanopillar architecture of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) to demonstrate a new organic/inorganic class of nanostructured excitonic model system. This hybrid system enables intimate integration for strong exciton-exciton interactions through nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) between the integrated CPNs and MQW pillars. The NRET of these excitonic systems is systematically investigated at varied temperatures. In these hybrids, InGaN/GaN MQWs serve as the donor of the NRET pair, while immobilized PFBT-Br polymer serves as the acceptor. To understand morphology-dependent NRET, PFBT-Br CPNs coating InGaN/GaN MQWs are made to defold into polymer chains by in situ treatment with a good solvent (THF). The experimental results indicate that NRET is significantly stronger in the case of CPNs compared with their defolded polymer chains. At room temperature, while the NRET efficiency of open polymer chains nanopillar system is only 10%, PFBT-Br CPNs exhibit a substantially higher NRET efficiency of 33% (preserving the total number of polymer molecules). The NRET efficiency of the nanoparticle systems is observed to be 25% at 250 K, 22% at 200 K, 19% at 150 K, and 15% at 100 K. On the other hand, the defolded polymer chains exhibit significantly lower NRET efficiencies of 17% at 250 K, 16% at 200 K, 11% at 150 K, and 5% at 100 K. This work may potentially open up new opportunities for the hybrid organic/inorganic systems where strong excitonic interactions are desired for light generation, light harvesting, and sensing applications

Size-Aware Hypergraph Motifs

Complex systems frequently exhibit multi-way, rather than pairwise, interactions. These group interactions cannot be faithfully modeled as collections of pairwise interactions using graphs, and instead require hypergraphs. However, methods that analyze hypergraphs directly, rather than via lossy graph reductions, remain limited. Hypergraph motif mining holds promise in this regard, as motif patterns serve as building blocks for larger group interactions which are inexpressible by graphs. Recent work has focused on categorizing and counting hypergraph motifs based on the existence of nodes in hyperedge intersection regions. Here, we argue that the relative sizes of hyperedge intersections within motifs contain varied and valuable information. We propose a suite of efficient algorithms for finding triplets of hyperedges based on optimizing the sizes of these intersection patterns. This formulation uncovers interesting local patterns of interaction, finding hyperedge triplets that either (1) are the least correlated with each other, (2) have the highest pairwise but not groupwise correlation, or (3) are the most correlated with each other. We formalize this as a combinatorial optimization problem and design efficient algorithms based on filtering hyperedges. Our experimental evaluation shows that the resulting hyperedge triplets yield insightful information on real-world hypergraphs. Our approach is also orders of magnitude faster than a naive baseline implementation

Metatarsophalangeal joint pain in psoriatic arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Methods. Thirty-four consecutive patients with PsA (mean age 45.3 years, 65% female, mean disease duration 9.9 years) and 22 control participants (mean age 37.9 years, 64% female) underwent clinical and US examination to determine the presence of pain, swelling, synovitis, erosions, effusions and submetatarsal bursae at the MTP joints. Mean barefoot peak plantar pressures were determined at each MTP joint. Levels of pain, US-determined pathology and peak pressures were compared between groups. Binary logistic regression was used to identify demographic, clinical examination-derived, US-derived and plantar pressure predictors of pain at the MTP joints in the PsA group. Results. The presence of pain, deformity, synovitis, erosions (P < 0.001) and submetatarsal bursae and peak plantar pressure at MTP 3 (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the PsA group. MTP joint pain in PsA was independently predicted by high BMI, female gender and the presence of joint subluxation, synovitis and erosion. Conclusion. These results suggest local inflammatory and structural factors, together with systemic factors (gender, BMI), are predominantly responsible for painful MTP joints in PsA, with no clear role for plantar pressure characteristics