Sinteza i antimikrobno djelovanje derivata nafto[2,1-b]pirano[2,3-d]pirimidina i pirano[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pirimidina

Several novel naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines, pyrano[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines and their coumarin-3-yl derivatives were synthesized. Some of these derivatives exhibited pronounced antimicrobial activities.Sintetizirano je nekoliko novih nafto[2,1-b]pirano[2,3-d]pirimidina, pirano[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pirimidina i njihovih kumarin-3-il derivata. Neki od njih imaju izraženo antimikrobno djelovanje

Sinteza i antimikrobno djelovanje derivata nafto[2,1-b]pirano[2,3-d]pirimidina i pirano[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pirimidina

Several novel naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines, pyrano[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines and their coumarin-3-yl derivatives were synthesized. Some of these derivatives exhibited pronounced antimicrobial activities.Sintetizirano je nekoliko novih nafto[2,1-b]pirano[2,3-d]pirimidina, pirano[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pirimidina i njihovih kumarin-3-il derivata. Neki od njih imaju izraženo antimikrobno djelovanje

Prevalence and correlates of autism spectrum disorder in Qatar: a national study

Background Few epidemiological data on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exist for Arabic countries. We conducted the first survey of ASD in Qatar, a population with high consanguinity level. Methods This cross‐sectional survey was conducted from 2015 to 2018 in Qatar school‐age children (N = 176,960) from national and immigrant families. Children diagnosed with ASD were identified through medical centers and special needs schools. Records were abstracted and supplemented by parental interviews. Additionally, children attending 93 schools were screened; ASD case status was confirmed in random samples of screen‐positive and screen‐negative children. Prevalence was estimated after taking into account different sampling fractions and participation rates at each survey phase. Results One thousand three hundred and ninety‐three children already diagnosed with ASD were identified. Among 9,074 school survey participants, 760 screen‐negative children and 163 screen‐positive children were evaluated; 17 were confirmed to have ASD including five children newly diagnosed. Prevalence was 1.14% (95% CI: 0.89–1.46) among 6‐ to 11‐year‐olds. ASD was reported in full siblings/extended relatives in 5.9% (95% CI: 0.042–0.080)/11.8% (95% CI: 0.095–0.146) families. First‐degree consanguinity in Qatari cases (45%) was comparable to known population levels. Among 844 ASD cases (mean age: 7.2 years; 81% male), most children experienced language delay (words: 75.1%; phrase speech: 91.4%), and 19.4% reported developmental regression. At the time of the survey, persisting deficits in expressive language (19.4%) and peer interactions (14.0%) were reported in conjunction with behavioral problems (ADHD: 30.2%; anxiety: 11.0%). In multivariate logistic regression, ASD severity was associated with parental consanguinity, gestational diabetes, delay in walking, and developmental regression. Conclusions ASD prevalence in Qatar is consistent with recent international studies. The methods employed in this study should help designing comparable surveys in the region. We estimated that 187,000 youths under age 20 have ASD in Gulf countries. This figure should assist in planning health and educational services for a young, fast‐growing population.The study was supported by the Qatar National Research Fund. The sponsor had no role in the design and conduct of the study, or the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data, or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript, and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The authors thank all the independent and private schools that have participated in the SCQ screening phase. The authors thank the Ministry of Public Health and the Ministry of Education for providing their team with the data required throughout the study. The authors would like to express our gratitude to the psychological services team at the Shafallah Center for Children with Disabilities, as well as Dr. Irshad Shafeullah and Dr. Zakariah Al-Sayed for their support in patient recruitment. The authors also thank our colleagues from QBRI: Dr. Hatem Al-Shanti for his assistance in patient phenotyping, and Mr. Yasser Al-Sarraj and Ms. Hamda AlMutawwa for their support with patient recruitment. The authors thank Dr. Hanaa Massoud for assisting with patient recruitment through the clinic at the Child Development Center in Rumailah Hospital. The authors would also like to express their appreciation to the QBRI administration team for their assistance with planning and logistics pertaining to research-related training sessions and research collaborator visits. Additionally, the authors would like to thank all of the special needs centers and clinics which collaborated with us to provide data needed for the high probability cases; Shafallah Center for Children with Disabilities, Hamad Medical Corporation, Child Development Center ? Rumailah Hospital, Child Development Center-Private, Renad Academy, Al-Tamakun school, Step by Step Center, Qatar Institute for Speech and Hearing, and Hope Center. The authors also thank the HBKU Sponsored Research Office for the support provided throughout the research funding period.?K.R. and the OHSU Biostatistics & Design Program was partially supported by the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute (OCTRI) through OHSU Clinical & Translational Science Awards (CTSA UL1TR0002369) National Consortium. The authors are immensely grateful to the families and their children for their time and participation in any of the phases of the research. F.A. and E.F. designed the research plan. F.A., M.A., and E.F. applied for funding. F.A., H.A., S.E., I.G., M.T., M.A., M.K., N.A.A., M.A., A.H.S., and L.D. organized the data collection. F.A., H.A., S.E., and I.G. completed data entry and cleaning, and performed initial data analyses with M.A. E.F. performed data and statistical analyses. K.R. provided biostatistical advice. E.F., F.A., and I.G. wrote the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript. The authors have declared that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interest.Scopu

Associations between Birth Weight and Adult Sleep Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the UAEHFS

Abnormal birth weight, particularly low birth weight (LBW), is known to have long-term adverse health consequences in adulthood, with disrupted sleep being suggested as a mediator or modifier of this link. We thus aimed to assess the associations between birth weight and self-reported adult sleep characteristics: sleep duration, difficulty waking up in the morning, daily nap frequency, sleep problems at night, snoring, daytime tiredness or sleepiness, and ever-stop breathing during sleep. This cross-sectional analysis used the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future Study data collected from February 2016 to March 2023 involving 2124 Emiratis aged 18–61 years. We performed a Poisson regression under unadjusted and age-sex-and-BMI-adjusted models to obtain the risk ratio and its 95% confidence interval for our analysis of the association between birth weight and each adult sleep characteristics, compared to individuals with normal birth weight (≥2.5 kg). Those with LBW had significantly a 17% increased risk of difficulty waking up in the morning, compared to those with normal birth weight. In addition, females with LBW history were also at an increased risk of reporting difficulty waking up in the morning. Studies with objective sleep assessments that include measurements of more confounding factors are recommended to confirm these risks

Association between pediatric asthma and adult polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a cross-sectional analysis of the UAE healthy future Study (UAEHFS)

Asthma and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are linked in several possible ways. To date, there has been no study evaluating whether pediatric asthma is an independent risk factor for adult PCOS. Our study aimed to examine the association between pediatric asthma (diagnosed at 0-19 years) and adult PCOS (diagnosed at ≥20 years). We further assessed whether the aforementioned association differed in two phenotypes of adult PCOS which were diagnosed at 20-25 years (young adult PCOS), and at \u3e25 years (older adult PCOS). We also evaluated whether the age of asthma diagnosis (0-10 vs 11-19 years) modified the association between pediatric asthma and adult PCOS. This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis using the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future Study (UAEHFS) collected from February 2016 to April 2022 involving 1334 Emirati females aged 18-49 years. We fitted a Poisson regression model to estimate the risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to assess the association between pediatric asthma and adult PCOS adjusting for age, urbanicity at birth, and parental smoking at birth. After adjusting for confounding factors and comparing to non-asthmatic counterparts, we found that females with pediatric asthma had a statistically significant association with adult PCOS diagnosed at ≥20 years (RR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.02-2.41), with a stronger magnitude of the association found in the older adult PCOS phenotype diagnosed at \u3e25 years (RR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.16-3.65). Further, we also found females reported thinner childhood body size had a two-fold to three-fold increased risk of adult PCOS diagnosed at ≥20 years in main analysis and stratified analyses by age of asthma and PCOS diagnoses (RR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.08-3.93 in main analysis; RR=2.74, 95% CI: 1.22-6.15 among those diagnosed with PCOS \u3e 25 years; and RR=3.50, 95% CI: 1.38-8.43 among those diagnosed with asthma at 11-19 years). Pediatric asthma was found to be an independent risk factor for adult PCOS. More targeted surveillance for those at risk of adult PCOS among pediatric asthmatics may prevent or delay PCOS in this at-risk group. Future studies with robust longitudinal designs aimed to elucidate the exact mechanism between pediatric asthma and PCOS are warranted

Banff 2022 liver group meeting report: monitoring long term allograft health.

The Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Pathology met in September 2022. Participantsincluded hepatologists, surgeons, pathologists, immunologists and histocompatibility specialists.Presentations and discussions focused on the evaluation of long-term allograft health, including noninvasive and tissue monitoring, immunosuppression optimisation and long-term structural changes.Potential revision of the rejection classification scheme to better accommodate and communicate lateT cell-mediated rejection patterns and related structural changes, such as nodular regenerativehyperplasia, were discussed. Improved stratification of long-term maintenance immunosuppression tomatch the heterogeneity of patient settings will be central to improving long-term patient survival.Such personalised therapeutics are in turn contingent on better understanding and monitoring ofallograft status within a rational decision-making approach, likely to be facilitated in implementationwith emerging decision support tools. Proposed revisions to rejection classification emerging fromthe meeting include incorporation of interface hepatitis and fibrosis staging. These will be opened toonline testing, modified accordingly and subject to consensus discussion leading up to the next Banffconference

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Turkish, Moroccan, Indian and sub-Sahara African populations in Europe and their countries of origin: an overview

Public Health and primary carePrevention and community carePrevention, Population and Disease management (PrePoD

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe