Indicadores econômicos da produção orgânica de minitomate em casas de vegetação

Financial profitability is a factor as important as quantifying production using new technologies. This study was installed to evaluate short and long term financial viability of organic production of cherry tomatoes. Plants were grown in a greenhouse under diverse technological degrees for partial control of micrometeorological elements. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field FEAGRI/UNICAMP in three greenhouses with automated mechanical ventilation systems, evaporative cooling and thermo reflective screen. We cultivated Carolina cultivar in a spacing of 0.5x0.9 m, each plant conducted with two stems, under organic production and fertilization management. The average of production data of treatments {three greenhouses (A= climate-controlled, B= mobile screen and C= fixed screen), two cultivation systems (pots and soil beds) and five biofertilizer doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200%)} were evaluated using joint analysis. Thus, the economic indicators {cost benefit ratio (B/C), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and Payback (PV)} were evaluated through revenues and production costs. The best alternative to net monthly cycle profitability (500 m2) was approximately 1 and 1.5 minimum wage with and without particular labor, respectively, associated with the greenhouse of medium technological level, using soil bed cultivation system. The economic viability of the project in long-term interest rates above 3% (a.a) was consistent, but the payback period even with a rate of 1% a.a was high (6.54 years) in financing conditions.362246252A rentabilidade financeira é um fator tão importante quanto quantificar a produção utilizando novas tecnologias. Assim, objetivou-se analisar em curto e longo prazo a rentabilidade financeira da produção orgânica de minitomates em casas de vegetação com diferentes graus tecnológicos de controle parcial dos elementos micrometeorológicos. O experimento foi desenvolvido no campo experimental da FEAGRI/UNICAMP (SP) em três casas de vegetação com sistemas automatizados de ventilação mecânica, resfriamento evaporativo e tela termorrefletora, sendo estas cultivadas com a cultivar Carolina em espaçamento 0,5x0,9 m em duas hastes, e manejo da produção e adubação orgânica. As médias dos dados de produção dos tratamentos {três casas de vegetação (A= climatizada, B= tela móvel e C= tela fixa), duas formas de cultivo (vasos e canteiros) e cinco doses de biofertilizante (0, 50, 100, 150, e 200%)} foram avaliadas em análise conjunta. Assim, avaliou-se através das receitas e custos de produção os indicadores econômicos {relação benefício custo (B/C), valor presente líquido (VPL), Taxa interna de retorno (TIR) e Payback (PV)}. De acordo com os resultados, a melhor alternativa de rentabilidade líquida mensal ciclo (500 m2) foi de aproximadamente 1 e 1,5 salários mínimo para a condição com e sem mão de obra particular, respectivamente, associado à casa de vegetação de médio grau tecnológico, utilizando a forma de cultivo em canteiros. A viabilidade econômica do projeto em longo prazo a taxas de juros acima de 3% (a.a) mostrou-se consistente, porém o período de payback mesmo à taxa de juros 1% a.a foi elevada (6,54 anos) em condições de financiamento

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a domestic cat (Felis catus) associated with acute myocardial infarction

A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é a desordem cardíaca mais comum em gatos, caracterizada por disfunção diastólica e insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Episódios de tromboembolismo são descritos frequentemente, podendo em alguns casos envolver o miocárdio e resultar em infarto e comprometimento hemodinâmico cardíaco. Relata-se um caso de CMH em gato doméstico (Felis catus) macho adulto que morreu com sinais graves de congestão e baixo débito cardíaco. À histopatologia observaram-se alterações necroinflamatórias envolvendo o átrio direito e as paredes ventriculares esquerda e direita, compatíveis com infarto miocárdico agudo focalmente extenso. No átrio direito identificou-se ainda tromboembolismo coronariano, sendo este, presumivelmente, a causa do infarto em tal paciente. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiac disease in cats, characterized by diastolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure. Thromboembolic episodes are frequently described and in some cases it may involve the myocardium and may cause infarction and cardiac hemodynamic compromise. A case of HCM in an adult male domestic cat (Felis catus) that died with signs of serious congestion and low cardiac output is described. Necro-inflammatory alterations were observed at histopathological evaluation involving the right atrium and left and right ventricular walls, compatible with focally extensive acute myocardium infarction. Coronary thromboembolism was yet identified in the right atrium and it was presumably the cause of infarction in this patient

Echocardiographic evaluation of patients submitted to replacement of ruptured chordae tendineae

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate, using echocardiography, the functioning of the mitral valve apparatus in patients submitted to standardized bovine pericardium chordae implantation to substitute ruptured chordae tendineae or elongated chordae with a significant degree of thinning. METHOD: Standardized bovine pericardium chordae were implanted in 23 patients with mitral valve insufficiency due to ruptured or elongated chordae with significant thinning. The ages of the patients varied from 23 to 84 years old (mean 62 years old). The most common cause was fibroelastic degeneration affecting 20 (87.0%) patients. The standardized bovine pericardium chordae were manufactured in sets connected at both ends by two polyester-reinforced rods thereby forming a single block. The bovine pericardium chordae measure 2 mm wide with 3 mm between the chordae. The sets of bovine pericardium chordae are produced in lengths varying from 20 to 35 mm. In 17 (73.9%) patients bovine pericardium chordae were implanted in the posterior cusp and in 6 (26.1%) in the anterior cusp. All the patients were evaluated in the postoperative period by echocardiography after a mean follow-up of six months. RESULTS: The echocardiography in the postoperative period demonstrated an absence of reflux in 11 (47.8%) patients, slight reflux in 8 (34.8%) and slight to moderate reflux in 3 (13.0%). The opening and mobility of the mitral valve was normal in the 22 surviving patients. CONCLUSION: The echocardiography demonstrated good functioning of the mitral valve apparatus in patients submitted to the implantation of standardized bovine pericardium chordae to substitute ruptured chordae tendineae or elongated chordae with a significant degree of thinning.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar, ao ecodopplercardiograma (ECO), o funcionamento do aparelho valvar mitral, em pacientes submetidos ao implante de cordas padronizadas de pericárdio bovino (CP de PB) para substituição de cordas tendíneas rotas ou alongadas com grau importante de afilamento. MÉTODO: Foram implantadas CP de PB em 23 pacientes portadores de insuficiência mitral por ruptura das cordas tendíneas ou cordas alongadas com afilamento importante. A idade variou de 23 a 85 anos (média de 62 anos). A causa mais freqüente foi a degeneração fibroelástica em 20 (87,0%) pacientes. As CP de PB foram confeccionadas em conjunto, unidas em suas extremidades por duas hastes reforçadas com poliéster formando um monobloco. As CP de PB medem dois mm de largura e distam entre si, paralelamente, por três mm. Cada conjunto CP de PB possui um medidor correspondente, variando seu comprimento entre 20 a 35 mm. Em 17 (73,9%) pacientes foram implantadas as CP de PB na cúspide posterior e, em seis (26,1%), na cúspide anterior. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados no pós-operatório pelo ECO, com tempo médio de seguimento de até seis meses. RESULTADOS: O ECO no pós-operatório demonstrou ausência de refluxo em 11 (47,8%) pacientes, refluxo discreto em oito (34,8%) e refluxo discreto/moderado em três (13,0%). A abertura e mobilidade da valva mitral eram normais nos 22 pacientes sobreviventes. CONCLUSÃO: O ECO demonstrou boa funcionalidade do aparelho valvar mitral nos pacientes submetidos ao implante das CP de PB para substituição de cordas tendíneas rotas ou alongadas e afiladas com adequada coaptação das cúspides.18419

Digital Inclusion Across the Americas and Caribbean

This research brings together digital inequality scholars from across the Americas and Caribbean to examine efforts to tackle digital inequality in Uruguay, Chile, Peru, Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, the United States, and Canada. As the case studies show, governmental policy has an important role to play in reducing digital disparities, particularly for potential users in rural or remote areas, as well as populations with great economic disparities. We find that public policy can effectively reduce access gaps when it combines the trifecta of network, device, and skill provision, especially through educational institutions. We also note, that urban populations have benefitted from digital inclusion strategies to a greater degree. This underscores that, no matter the national context, rural-urban digital inequality (and often associated economic inequality) is resistant to change. Even when access is provided, potential users may not find it affordable, lack skills, and/or see no benefit in adoption. We see the greatest potential for future digital inclusion in two related approaches: 1) initiatives that connect with hard-to-reach, remote, and rural communities outside urban cores and 2) initiatives that learn from communities about how best to provide digital resources while respecting their diversely situated contexts, while meeting social, economic and political needs

Determination of meloxicam in human plasma administrated with four drugs by LC method: application to a pilot bioavailability study

The development and validation of a simple and accurate method by HPLC-UV to quantify meloxicam (MLX) in human plasma and its application to comparative bioavailability study between MLX formulation and manipulated meloxicam + prednisone + cyclobenzaprine + diacerein + hidroxychloroquine is described. MLX and the internal standard (piroxicam) were extracted from plasma using protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation of meloxicam, piroxicam, other active ingredients, diacerein metabolite (Rhein) and plasma interferents was achieved with a C18 column, using a mobile phase of 20 mM sodium Hydrogen pH 3.0 and acetonitrile, with detection at 360 nm and retention times of 4.7, 3.7 and 4.1 min, respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range of 50 to 3000 ng/mL, meloxicam and piroxicam had an average recovery from plasma of 96 and 97 %, respectively. The precision and accuracy (intra-, inter-day) were less than 6 %. The method was successfully applied to a pilot pharmacokinetic study.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E CONDIÇÃO FISIOLÓGICA DE Hoplias malabaricus (BLOCH, 1794) NO BAIXO RIO CAPIBARIBE

This research aimed to determine population structure and physiological condition of Hoplias malabaricus in the Capibaribe river (PE), northeastern Brazil. Monthly sampling were carried out between September/2013 and August/2014, using gill nets. The sex was identified by macroscopic and microscopic viewing of gonads, following the classification proposed by Vazzoler (1996). The specimens were distributed in length classes, being applied Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to evaluate the presence of sexual dimorphism. The length-weight relationship was calculated assessing differences through Kruskal Wallis test and physiological condition was calculated through allometric condition factor (K) between sexes, being applied the Spearman correlation test. Was collected 30 males and 42 females. No sexual dimorphism was observed relative to the size. Was observed positive allometric growth for females and negative for males. Was evidenced physiological condition variations along the year regarding seasonality. Population structure and physiological condition of the Hoplias malabaricus differed from that found in other environments, being this research, an important tool support the development of future management plans and conservation of Hoplias malabaricus, especially in this region.Keywords: population dynamics; fishing; reproduction.Esta pesquisa objetivou determinar a estrutura populacional e condição fisiológica de Hoplias malabaricus no rio Capibaribe (PE), nordeste brasileiro. Foram realizadas coletas mensais entre setembro/2013 e agosto/2014, utilizando redes de espera. O sexo foi identificado pela visualização macroscópica e microscópica das gônadas, seguindo a classificação proposta por Vazzoler (1996). Os indivíduos foram distribuídos entre classes de comprimento, sendo aplicado teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para verificar a presença de dimorfismo sexual. A relação peso-comprimento entre sexos foi calculada, avaliando diferenças pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis e a condição fisiológica foi avaliada pelo fator de condição alométrico (K) entre sexos, sendo aplicado teste de correlação de Spearman. Foram coletados 30 machos e 42 fêmeas, não sendo observado dimorfismo sexual relativo ao tamanho. Além disto, verificou-se um crescimento alométrico positivo para as fêmeas e negativo para os machos. Também foram evidenciadas variações na condição fisiológica ao longo do ano em relação à sazonalidade. A estrutura populacional e condição fisiológica de Hoplias malabaricus diferiram do encontrado em outros ambientes, sendo este estudo uma importante ferramenta para embasar o desenvolvimento de futuros planos de manejo e conservação de Hoplias malabaricus, especialmente nesta região.Palavras-chave: dinâmica populacional, pesca, manejo de recursos pesqueiros

The RNA-binding protein hnRNP K mediates the effect of BDNF on dendritic mRNA metabolism and regulates synaptic NMDA receptors in hippocampal neurons

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important mediator of long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. The local effects of BDNF depend on the activation of translation activity, which requires the delivery of transcripts to the synapse. In this work, we found that neuronal activity regulates the dendritic localization of the RNA-binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons by stimulating BDNF-Trk signaling. Microarray experiments identified a large number of transcripts that are coimmunoprecipitated with hnRNP K, and about 60% of these transcripts are dissociated from the protein upon stimulation of rat hippocampal neurons with BDNF. In vivo studies also showed a role for TrkB signaling in the dissociation of transcripts from hnRNP K upon high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of medial perforant path-granule cell synapses of male rat dentate gyrus (DG). Furthermore, treatment of rat hippocampal synaptoneurosomes with BDNF decreased the coimmunoprecipitation of hnRNP K with mRNAs coding for glutamate receptor subunits, Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIβ (CaMKIIβ) and BDNF. Downregulation of hnRNP K impaired the BDNF-induced enhancement of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated mEPSC, and similar results were obtained upon inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide. The results demonstrate that BDNF regulates specific populations of hnRNP-associated mRNAs in neuronal dendrites and suggests an important role of hnRNP K in BDNF-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity.publishe

An extensive reef system at the Amazon River mouth

Large rivers create major gaps in reef distribution along tropical shelves. The Amazon River represents 20% of the global riverine discharge to the ocean, generating up to a 1.3 x 10(6)-km(2) plume, and extensive muddy bottoms in the equatorial margin of South America. As a result, a wide area of the tropical North Atlantic is heavily affected in terms of salinity, pH, light penetration, and sedimentation. Such unfavorable conditions were thought to imprint a major gap in Western Atlantic reefs. We present an extensive carbonate system off the Amazon mouth, underneath the river plume. Significant carbonate sedimentation occurred during lowstand sea level, and still occurs in the outer shelf, resulting in complex hard-bottom topography. A permanent near-bottom wedge of ocean water, together with the seasonal nature of the plume's eastward retroflection, conditions the existence of this extensive (similar to 9500 km(2)) hard-bottom mosaic. The Amazon reefs transition from accretive to erosional structures and encompass extensive rhodolith beds. Carbonate structures function as a connectivity corridor for wide depth-ranging reef-associated species, being heavily colonized by large sponges and other structure-forming filter feeders that dwell under low light and high levels of particulates. The oxycline between the plume and subplume is associated with chemoautotrophic and anaerobic microbial metabolisms. The system described here provides several insights about the responses of tropical reefs to suboptimal and marginal reef-building conditions, which are accelerating worldwide due to global changes.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERS)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)BrasoilMCTIBrazilian NavyU.S. NSFGordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF)Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Inst Biol, BR-21941599 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Inst Alberto Luiz Coimbra Posgrad & Pesquisa Engn, Lab Sistemas Avancados Gestao Prod, BR-21941972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInst Pesquisas Jardim Bot Rio de Janeiro, BR-22460030 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, BR-05508120 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Oceanog, BR-29199970 Vitoria, ES, BrazilUniv Estadual Norte Fluminense, Lab Ciencias Ambientais, Ctr Biociencias & Biotecnol, BR-28013602 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Fluminense, Inst Geociencias, BR-24210346 Niteroi, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Fluminense, Inst Biol, BR-24210130 Niteroi, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Museo Nacl, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilFed Univ Para, Inst Estudos Costeiros, BR-68600000 Braganca, PA, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Mar, BR-11070100 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, Dept Oceanog, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USAUniv Fed Paraiba, BR-58297000 Rio Tinto, PB, BrazilUniv Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-45650000 Ilheus, BA, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Mar, BR-11070100 Santos, SP, BrazilU.S. NSF: OCE-0934095GBMF: 2293GBMF: 2928Web of Scienc