Caracterização cromossômica de taxa do gênero Trinomys Thomas, 1921, (Rodentia, Echimyidae) nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo

Ten species of spiny rats of the genus Trinomys are currently recognized in eastern Brazil. Although most taxa known in the genus Trinomys have been characterized on the basis of craniodental, pelage, and bacular traits, data on chromosomal morphology are available for only four taxa, two from the State of Bahia, one from the State of São Paulo, and one from the State of Espírito Santo. Here we describe the normal chromosomal complement for three additional taxa, namely, Trinomys gratiosus bonafidei (Fazenda Boa Fé, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, type-locality), Trinomys eliasi (Barra de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, type- locality), and Trinomys dimidiatus (Rio Bonito, Rio de Janeiro, and Ubatuba, São Paulo). The specimens analyzed here from the locality of Ubatuba were identified on the basis of craniodental, pelage, and bacular traits as T. dimidiatus, extending the known range of this species at least 100km south into the State of São Paulo. The three taxa for which chromosomal data are presented differ in their diploid and fundamental numbers and, therefore, can be diagnosed on the basis of their karyotypes. The significance and implications of chromosome numbers and morphology as diagnostic markers are evaluated in the framework of the molecular phylogenetic relationships and of the data on geographic distribution currently available for the genus Trinomys.Dez unidades taxonômicas no nível de espécie são atualmente reconhecidas para os roedores do gênero Trinomys no leste do Brasil. Embora a maioria dos taxa conhecidos tenham sido caracterizados com base em caracteres do crânio, da dentição, da pelagem e do báculo, a informação sobre a morfologia dos cromossomos limita-se até o momento apenas a quatro taxa, dois provenientes do Estado da Bahia, um de São Paulo e um do Espírito Santo. Neste trabalho são descritos os complementos cromossômicos para mais três taxa, Trinomys gratiosus bonafidei (Fazenda Boa Fé, Teresópolis, RJ, localidade tipo), Trinomys eliasi (Barra de Maricá, Maricá, RJ, localidade tipo) e Trinomys dimidiatus (Rio Bonito, RJ, and Ubatuba, SP). Os espécimes analisados neste estudo provenientes de Ubatuba foram identificados como T. dimidiatus com base em caracteres craniodentais, da pelagem e do báculo, estendendo a distribuição da espécie pelo menos 100km ao sul na direção do Estado de São Paulo. Os taxa analisados neste trabalho diferem nos seus números diplóide e fundamental e, por conseguinte, podem ser diagnosticados com base nos seus cariótipos. As implicações da variação nos cromossomos para a diagnose dos taxa do gênero Trinomys que ocorrem nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo são avaliadas no contexto das relações filogenéticas deste grupo, inferidas a partir de seqüências do genoma mitocondrial e da informação disponível sobre a distribuição geográfica de suas espécies

A Structural Equations Modeling Approach

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (VH) has caused concerns due to the possible fluctuations that may occur directly impacting the control of the pandemic. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with COVID-19 VH in Portuguese-speaking countries. We developed a web survey (N:6,843) using an online, structured, and validated questionnaire. We used Measurement Models, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Exploratory Structural Equation Models, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the data analysis. The overall prevalence of COVID-19 VH in Portuguese-speaking countries was 21.1%. showed a statistically significant direct effect for VH: vaccine-related conspiracy beliefs (VB) (β = 0.886), perceived stress (PS) (β = 0.313), COVID-19 Misinformation (MIS) (β = 0.259) and individual responses to COVID-19 (CIR) (β = −0.122). The effect of MIS and CIR for VH was greater among men and of PS and VB among women; the effect of PS was greater among the youngest and of VB and CIR among the oldest. No discrepant differences were identified in the analyzed education strata. In conclusion, we found that conspiracy beliefs related to the vaccine strongly influence the decision to hesitate (not to take or to delay the vaccine). Specific characteristics related to gender, age group, social and cognitive vulnerabilities, added to the knowledge acquired, poorly substantiated and/or misrepresented about the COVID-19 vaccine, need to be considered in the planning of vaccination campaigns. It is necessary to respond in a timely, fast, and accurate manner to the challenges posed by vaccine hesitancy.publishersversionpublishe

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks