Лиганды RAGE-белков: роль в межклеточной коммуникации и патогенезе воспаления

The review contains data on the diversity of endogenous ligands of RAGE receptors (receptor for advanced glycation end products) that play an important role in the signal transduction in (patho) physiological conditions. RAGE takes part in various physiological processes like cell growth and survival, apoptosis and regeneration. They serve as regulators of inflammatory reactions due to their ability to induce secretion of cytokines and chemokines. In addition, they facilitate elimination of apoptotic cells and mediate innate immune response. We discuss mechanisms of soluble RAGE production as well as the role of membrane and soluble forms of the receptor in cell signaling. Several endogenous ligands of RAGE are well-known: advanced glycation end products (AGE), amyloid-beta (Аβ), nuclear high mobility group box 1 proteins (HMGB1), and calcium-binding proteins S100A4, S100A8/A9, S100A12 и S100B. The review is focused on the mechanisms of the ligands production, their secretion from the cells of various origin, interaction with RAGE, and associated intracellular signal transduction pathways. Special attention is paid to the role of RAGE in pathogenesis of inflammation, particularly, in brain injury and neurodegeneration.В обзоре литературы обсуждается разнообразие эндогенных лигандов RAGE-рецепторов, играющих важную роль в сигнальной трансдукции в физиологических условиях и при патологии. RAGE-рецепторы опосредуют многие физиологические функции, такие как рост клеток, апоптоз, выживание и регенерация; участвуют в воспалительных реакциях, индуцируя секрецию цитокинов и хемокинов; способствуют элиминации апоптотических клеток, являются участниками врожденного иммунного ответа. Рассмотрены механизмы образования растворимых форм RAGE, а также роль мембранной и растворимой форм рецепторов в передаче сигнальной информации при активации клеток. Признанными лигандами RAGE являются продукты неферментативного гликирования белков, бета-амилоид, ядерные белки HMGB1, кальцийсвязывающие белки S100A4, S100A8/A9, S100A12 и S100B. В статье обсуждаются механизмы продукции лигандов RAGE, секреции их из клеток различной природы, их взаимодействие с рецепторами и последствия этого взаимодействия для клеток и тканей. Особое внимание уделено анализу роли лигандов RAGE в развитии воспаления, в частности при повреждении головного мозга и нейродегенерации

Study of doubly strange systems using stored antiprotons

Bound nuclear systems with two units of strangeness are still poorly known despite their importance for many strong interaction phenomena. Stored antiprotons beams in the GeV range represent an unparalleled factory for various hyperon-antihyperon pairs. Their outstanding large production probability in antiproton collisions will open the floodgates for a series of new studies of systems which contain two or even more units of strangeness at the P‾ANDA experiment at FAIR. For the first time, high resolution γ-spectroscopy of doubly strange ΛΛ-hypernuclei will be performed, thus complementing measurements of ground state decays of ΛΛ-hypernuclei at J-PARC or possible decays of particle unstable hypernuclei in heavy ion reactions. High resolution spectroscopy of multistrange Ξ−-atoms will be feasible and even the production of Ω−-atoms will be within reach. The latter might open the door to the |S|=3 world in strangeness nuclear physics, by the study of the hadronic Ω−-nucleus interaction. For the first time it will be possible to study the behavior of Ξ‾+ in nuclear systems under well controlled conditions

Technical Design Report for PANDA Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMC)

This document presents the technical layout and the envisaged performance of the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMC) for the PANDA target spectrometer. The EMC has been designed to meet the physics goals of the PANDA experiment, which is being developed for the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at Darmstadt, Germany. The performance figures are based on extensive prototype tests and radiation hardness studies. The document shows that the EMC is ready for construction up to the front-end electronics interface

Experimental access to Transition Distribution Amplitudes with the P̄ANDA experiment at FAIR

Baryon-to-meson Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDAs) encoding valuable new information on hadron structure appear as building blocks in the collinear factorized description for several types of hard exclusive reactions. In this paper, we address the possibility of accessing nucleon-to-pion (\u3c0N) TDAs from \uafpp \u2192 e+e 12\u3c00 reaction with the future PANDA detector at the FAIR facility. At high center- of-mass energy and high invariant mass squared of the lepton pair q2, the amplitude of the signal channel pp\uaf \u2192 e+e 12\u3c00 admits a QCD factorized description in terms of \u3c0N TDAs and nucleon Distribution Amplitudes (DAs) in the forward and backward kinematic regimes. Assuming the validity of this factorized description, we perform feasibility studies for measuring \uafpp \u2192 e+e 12\u3c00 with the PANDA detector. Detailed simulations on signal reconstruction efficiency as well as on rejection of the most severe background channel, i.e. pp\uaf \u2192 \u3c0+\u3c0 12\u3c00 were performed for the center-of-mass energy squared s = 5 GeV2 and s = 10 GeV2, in the kinematic regions 3.0 0.5 in the proton-antiproton center-of-mass frame. Results of the simulation show that the particle identification capabilities of the PANDA detector will allow to achieve a background rejection factor of 5 \ub7 107 (1 \ub7 107) at low (high) q2 for s = 5 GeV2, and of 1 \ub7 108 (6 \ub7 106) at low (high) q2 for s = 10 GeV2, while keeping the signal reconstruction efficiency at around 40%. At both energies, a clean lepton signal can be reconstructed with the expected statistics corresponding to 2 fb 121 of integrated luminosity. The cross sections obtained from the simulations are used to show that a test of QCD collinear factorization can be done at the lowest order by measuring scaling laws and angular distributions. The future measurement of the signal channel cross section with PANDA will provide a new test of the perturbative QCD description of a novel class of hard exclusive reactions and will open the possibility of experimentally accessing \u3c0N TDAs