Адаптация и интеграция трудовых мигрантов из Центральной Азии в России и странах Европейского союза: компаративный анализ

В настоящее время в России происходит трансформация миграционных потоков, временный характер миграции меняется на постоянный. Основная доля мигрантов прибывает из стран Центральной Азии, где демографическая и экономическая ситуация приводит к долгосрочному росту потоков трудовых мигрантов. В этих условиях актуализируются вопросы их адаптации и интеграции. Исследование представляет собой обзор научной литературы, изучающей адаптационные практики трудовых мигрантов. Сравнительный анализ обусловлен важностью использования накопленного опыта европейских стран, которые проводят политику активной интеграции мигрантов. Поиск публикаций, отражающих вопросы изучения факторов и моделей адаптации трудовых мигрантов из Центральной Азии в России и странах Европейского союза, осуществлялся на площадках Scopus, Web of Science, e-Library. Выявлены возросший интерес к теме исследования, рост публикационной активности и увеличение количества совместных исследований данной проблематики представителями разных стран. В большинстве случаев исследователи отмечают роль социального капитала в адаптации мигрантов, длительность процесса аккультурации мигрантов и важность участия принимающего сообщества в этом процессе. Рассматривается опыт двусторонней адаптации в странах ЕС. По мере увеличения потока мигрантов в страны ЕС из Центральной Азии интерес западных исследователей к этой теме будет расти. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для повышения эффективности изучения миграционных процессов.Currently, the Russian Federation is experiencing a transformation of migration flows from temporary to permanent. The largest share of migrants comes from the countries of Central Asia, where the demographic and economic situation stimulates a long-term increase in flows of labour migrants. In these conditions, it is necessary to examine issues of adaptation and integration of migrants. We review scientific literature on the adaptation practises of labour migrants. We applied the method of comparative analysis due to the importance the accumulated experience of European countries, which chose a policy of active integration. We analysed scientific publications, which are indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, E-library databases, and focused on the factors and models of adaptation of labour migrants from Central Asia in Russia and the countries of the European Union (EU). The study revealed the growing interest in the research topic, increased publication activity and joint research by representatives of different countries. In most cases, researchers note the role of social capital in the adaptation of migrants, the length of the acculturation process of migrants and the importance of participation of the host community in the process. We proposed to consider the experience of bilateral adaptation in the EU countries. As the flow of migrants to the EU countries from Central Asia increases, the interest in this topic on the part of Western researchers will grow. The research results can be used to improve efficiency in the research of migration processes.The article has been prepared with the support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the project No. 19–110–50312

Strusture, biomass and production of the biotic component of the ecosystem of an growing eutrophic reservoir

Using our own data and data from the literature, we assessed the total biomass of the biotic component of the ecosystem of the Ivankovo Reservoir (Upper Volga, Russia), a eutrophic reservoir which is becoming overgrown with macrophytes. The biotic component of freshwater ecosystems is formed by communities of multicellular and unicellular organisms and viruses in the water layer (plankton) and bottom sediments (benthos) and also macrophytes and autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms growing on their surface (epiphyton). The biomass of the biotic component of the Ivankovo Reservoir equaled 39,853 tons С. Plankton, benthos and macrophytes with epiphyton equaled 3.6%, 41.6% and 54.8% of the total biomass respectively. We determined the contribution of higher aquatic plants, algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, viruses, protozoans, multicellular invertebrates and fish to the formation of total biomass. The largest share was taken up by higher aquatic plants (54.5%). The second largest share was taken by heterotrophic bacteria (37.4%), most of which live in the bottom sediments. The high concentration of bacteria and invertebrates in the bottom sediments indicate significant provision of the organic substrates from the water column. The biomass of fish, the highest trophic link in the reservoir, equaled 15.0% of the biomass of their potential food substrates, invertebrate animals, and 0.7% of the total biomass of the biotic component. The greater part of the autochthonous organic compound in the reservoir is formed as a result of activity of phytoplankton, which provides 69.4% of total primary production of macrophytes, phytoepiphyton, phytoplankton and phytobenthos. The total primary production during the vegetation period was approximately forty times higher than the annual production of the fish. Currently, the share in the phytoplankton of large colonial cyanobacteria not consumed by zooplankton, the share of non-heterocystic species of cyanobacteria capable of heterotrophic feeding and the share of mixotrophic flagellates is increasing. Eutrophication of the reservoir is significantly stimulated by the development of macrophytes, and, presumably, the contribution of macrophytes to the total primary production of the reservoir will continue to increase

SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION OF SUBSTANCES WITH KNOWN Au SPECIATION – AN EXPERIMENTAL DATA

A study has been conducted on the features of distriburion of Au among the fractions of a 7-step sequential extraction procedure using model substances that are similar in composition to natural organic matter from the dispersion train of sulfide tailings. Use has been made of model substances with known Au speciations: bulk native gold, nanoscale native gold, Au-containing pyrite, humic acids, and Fe(III) oxides/hydroxides, which served as the basis for preparing mixtures with low-Au filler substances (quartz, limestone, humic acids, Fe(III) oxides/hydroxides).It has been stated that several Au species are leached in one fraction during sequential extraction. Nanoscale Au0 and gold bound to the organic matter are leached together in easily oxidizable (organic) fraction; gold bound to Fe(III) compounds and Au complexes chemisorbed on the surface of other minerals (sulfides, aluminosilicates) are leached in reducible (hydroxides) fraction; "invisible" gold in sulfides, nanoscale Au0 and, partially, >1 μm-seized bulk Au0 are leached in hardly oxidizable (sulfidic) fraction. Bulk native gold is leached predominantly in residual fraction. Mobile species are Au bound to water-soluble organic compounds and complexes of ionic Au desorbed from the surface of minerals

The circadian output gene takeout is regulated by Pdp1

The circadian clock controls many circadian outputs. Although a large number of transcripts are affected by the circadian oscillator, very little is known about their regulation and function. We show here that the Drosophila takeout gene, one of the output genes of the circadian oscillator, is regulated similarly to the circadian clock genes Clock (Clk) and cry. takeout RNA levels are at constant high levels in Clk(JRK) mutants. The circadian transcription factor PAR domain protein 1 (Pdp1ε) is a transcription factor that had previously been postulated to control clock output genes, particularly genes regulated similarly to Clk. In agreement with this, we show here that Pdp1ε is a regulator of takeout. Takeout levels are low in flies with reduced Pdp1ε and high in flies with increased amounts of Pdp1ε. Furthermore, flies with reduced or elevated Pdp1ε levels in the fat body display courtship defects, identifying Pdp1ε as an important transcriptional regulator in that tissue

Новые ингаляционные устройства для терапии хронической обструктивной болезни легких

The aim of this review was to introduce readers to technical characteristics and advantages of recently available inhalers used for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Such inhalation devices as Breezehaler, Ellipta, Genuair, NEXThaler, and Respimat were described in details in this article.Целью настоящего обзора является ознакомление с техническими характеристиками и возможностями ингаляторов для терапии хронической обструктивной болезни легких, которые появились в последние годы. Подробно рассмотрены такие устройства, как Бризхалер, Эллипта, Дженуйэр, Некстхалер и Респимат

HLA II class alleles in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients with and without temporomandibular joint arthritis

Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Davidsone et al. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis is seen very often (38-87 %) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). With contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) we can detect more cases of TMJ arthritis than ever before. Previous studies show that HLA II class alleles may have protective or risk importance in JIA subtypes. Our objective is to identify HLA II class alleles of risk and protection in JIA patients with TMJ arthritis. Methods: During the period from 2010 to 2015 MRI for TMJ was performed in 85 JIA patients who were genotyped for HLA- DRB1; DQB1 and DQA1 using RT-PCR with sequence-specific primers. As a control group, data of 100 individuals were taken from the genetic bank of RSU Joint Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Immunogenetics. Associations of DRB1; DQB1; DQA1 alleles in patients were examined individually using the χ 2 test. P-value (<0.05) and odds ratio were calculated using EPI INFO 6.0 software. Results: Out of 85 JIA patients with mean age of 13.7 ± 3.0 years (range 6.9-17.9 years), 59 (69 %) were girls and 26 (31 %) were boys. The mean duration of the disease was 3.07 ± 2.35 years (range 0.2-11.0 year). JIA subtypes were as follows: seronegative polyarthritis 51 (60 %), seropositive polyarthritis 6(7 %), oligoarthritis extended 7(8 %), oligoarthritis persistent 2 (2 %) arthritis with enthesitis 14 (17 %), undifferentiated 3 (4 %) and 2 (2 %) systemic arthritis. Two groups where separated after TMJ MRI exam: first with at least two signs of active inflammation and/or any structural damage (n = 62); second with no pathologic signs or with slight contrast enhancement (n = 23). We discovered that there are risk alleles that are found in all JIA patient's groups (MRI positive and negative groups) versus controls such as DRB1*07:01, DQB1*03:03; DQB1*05:01. Also some protective alleles as DRB1*18:01, DQB1*06:02-8 were found in overall JIA group. Alleles DRB1*12:01, DQB1*03:01; DQA1*05:01 were found to be protective for TMJ arthrits. Conclusion: In our study there were no convincing risk alleles, but there are alleles that probably are protective for TMJ arthritis like DRB1*12:01, DQB1*03:01; DQA1*05:01.publishersversionPeer reviewe

ОПЫТ МЕСТНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ОБШИРНОЙ ТРАВМАТИЧЕСКОЙ РАНЫ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ПЕКТИНОВ И РАСТВОРОМ С НАНОЧАСТИЦАМИ СЕРЕБРА (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)

ABSTRACT. An extensive traumatic wound in the patient who suffered in a road traffic accident was treated with water solutions containing pectins or silver nanoparticles. An accelerated wound clearance of purulent discharge was observed. Wound flora was represented by few germ cultures, mainly Acinetobacter spp.; many samples were free from germs. The wound was prepared for autoskin grafting that was successfully performed. The skin graft adherence and survival were uncomplicated. The patient was discharged home in a relatively satisfactory condition. РЕЗЮМЕ. Обширную травматическую рану у больного после ДТП лечили с помощью растворов пектинов и наночастиц серебра на водной основе. Отмечено быстрое очищение раны от гнойного отделяемого. Микробный состав представлен единичными микроорганизмами, преимущественно Acinetobacter spp., во многих пробах микробы отсутствовали. Рана была подготовлена к аутодермопластике, которая успешно выполнена. Кожный лоскут прижился без осложнений. Больной выписан в относительно удовлетворительном состоянии.

A case of hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex in the newborn child

Clinical observation of a hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex in the newborn is presented. Main feature of this observation is the complicated course of this disease in the newborn against hypoxemic defeat of the central nervous system and neonatal jaundice. Now treatment of this congenital disease has to begin with the first week of life and includes complete hormonal and infusion therapy. In this observation child’s clinical improvement is noted

Proposed therapeutic range of treosulfan in reduced toxicity pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant conditioning: results from a prospective trial

Treosulfan is given off‐label in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. This study investigated treosulfan's pharmacokinetics (PKs), efficacy, and safety in a prospective trial. Pediatric patients (n = 87) receiving treosulfan‐fludarabine conditioning were followed for at least 1 year posttransplant. PKs were described with a two‐compartment model. During follow‐up, 11 of 87 patients died and 12 of 87 patients had low engraftment (≤ 20% myeloid chimerism). For each increase in treosulfan area under the curve from zero to infinity (AUC(0‐∞)) of 1,000 mg hour/L the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for mortality increase was 1.46 (1.23–1.74), and the hazard ratio for low engraftment was 0.61 (0.36–1.04). A cumulative AUC(0‐∞) of 4,800 mg hour/L maximized the probability of success (> 20% engraftment and no mortality) at 82%. Probability of success with AUC(0‐∞) between 80% and 125% of this target were 78% and 79%. Measuring PK at the first dose and individualizing the third dose may be required in nonmalignant disease

The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization

Background: The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species. High-quality genomic data will inform key aspects of bumblebee biology, including susceptibility to implicated population viability threats. Results: We report the high quality draft genome sequences of Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, two ecologically dominant bumblebees and widely utilized study species. Comparing these new genomes to those of the highly eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera and other Hymenoptera, we identify deeply conserved similarities, as well as novelties key to the biology of these organisms. Some honeybee genome features thought to underpin advanced eusociality are also present in bumblebees, indicating an earlier evolution in the bee lineage. Xenobiotic detoxification and immune genes are similarly depauperate in bumblebees and honeybees, and multiple categories of genes linked to social organization, including development and behavior, show high conservation. Key differences identified include a bias in bumblebee chemoreception towards gustation from olfaction, and striking differences in microRNAs, potentially responsible for gene regulation underlying social and other traits. Conclusions: These two bumblebee genomes provide a foundation for post-genomic research on these key pollinators and insect societies. Overall, gene repertoires suggest that the route to advanced eusociality in bees was mediated by many small changes in many genes and processes, and not by notable expansion or depauperation