THE PSYCHOLOGY OF INNOVATION AS A PROBLEM OF CREATIVITY

The substantiation of the hypothesis of correlating the levels of development of activity with the types of innovations is given on the basis of the selected lines of analysis: “levels of development of activity — stages of cognition — types of innovations”. Correspondence has been established: modifying and combined innovations — incentive-productive level of activity; radical innovations — heuristic level of activity. The comparison made is an attempt to consider the phenomenon of innovation from the standpoint of the psychology of creativity, which makes it possible to apply criteria for evaluating a creative product to the analysis of innovation.Приводится обоснование гипотезы о соотнесении уровней развития деятельности с видами инноваций на основании выделенных линий анализа: «уровни развития деятельности — ступени познания — виды инноваций». Установлено соответствие: модифицирующие и комбинированные инновации — стимульно-продуктивный уровень деятельности; радикальные инновации — эвристический уровень деятельности. Проведенное сопоставление представляет собой попытку рассмотрения феномена инноваций с позиции психологии творчества, что позволяет применить к анализу инноваций критерии оценки творческого продукта

Media and Audio Practices: a Search for Philosophical Background of Analysis

Analysis of sound-based media artistic practices will serve as a case of a new media paradigm of contemporary art. This aim is informed by transintermedia, the multimodal nature of these practices that synthesize audio, visual, and proprioceptive forms of artistic communication in today’s media environment, as well as by the integrative nature of the multimedia interactive catalogue/archive that allows one to present on a platform individual projects, their documentation, analysis, geography, authorship, and reception, as well as philosophical reflection by the researchers. Сatalogization, systematic description and philosophical analysis of sound-based media artistic practices will allow for the effective support and promotion of media-art and sound-art practices in the framework of new programs and projects, plans for the development of urban and regional artistic and acoustic social and cultural environments.This research was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 17-29-09136/20 “Multilingualism in the era of post-literacy: Philosophical and cultural studies and methodological and pedagogical development of a multilingual education model”)

Non-conservative Evolution of Cataclysmic Variables

We suggest a new mechanism to account for the loss of angular momentum in binaries with non-conservative mass exchange. It is shown that in some cases the loss of matter can result in increase of the orbital angular momentum of a binary. If included into consideration in evolutionary calculations, this mechanism appreciably extends the range of mass ratios of components for which mass exchange in binaries is stable. It becomes possible to explain the existence of some observed cataclysmic binaries with high donor/accretor mass ratio, which was prohibited in conservative evolution models.Comment: LaTeX, 32 pages, to be published in Astron. Z

Explicit Solution of the Time Evolution of the Wigner Function

Previously, an explicit solution for the time evolution of the Wigner function was presented in terms of auxiliary phase space coordinates which obey simple equations that are analogous with, but not identical to, the classical equations of motion. They can be solved easily and their solutions can be utilized to construct the time evolution of the Wigner function. In this paper, the usefulness of this explicit solution is demonstrated by solving a numerical example in which the Wigner function has strong spatial and temporal variations as well as regions with negative values. It is found that the explicit solution gives a correct description of the time evolution of the Wigner function. We examine next the pseudoparticle approximation which uses classical trajectories to evolve the Wigner function. We find that the pseudoparticle approximation reproduces the general features of the time evolution, but there are deviations. We show how these deviations can be systematically reduced by including higher-order correction terms in powers of $\hbar^2$.Comment: 16 pages, in LaTex, invited talk presented at the Wigner Centennial Conference, Pecs, Hungary, July 8-12, 2002, to be published in the Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Classical Optics, June 200

Spectral Studies of Rat Bone Tissue in Modeling Osteoporosis and Effectiveness of Treatment By Hydroxyapatite

Presents the result of experiments on the study of the model of osteoporosis in rats using Raman spectroscopy and the effectiveness of its treatment with hydroxyapatite. Were revealed spectral differences between groups of samples (control group, group with the model of osteoporosis and a group with the model of osteoporosis after treatment with hydroxyapatite). In addition, optical coefficients were introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Keywords: Raman spectroscopy, optical coefficients, osteoporosis, hydroxyapatite, collagen matri

Selank and semax as potential hepatoprotectors in medical treatment of tuberculosis

The article notes that administering selank and semax to patients with tuberculosis would significantly reduce the number and severity of hepatotoxic reaction

Prednisolone Targets Claudins in Mouse Brain Blood Vessels

Endothelial cells in brain capillaries are crucial for the function of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and members of the tight junction protein family of claudins are regarded to be primarily responsible for barrier properties. Thus, the analysis of bioactive substances that can affect the BBB’s permeability is of great importance and may be useful for the development of new therapeutic strategies for brain pathologies. In our study, we tested the hypothesis that the application of the glucocorticoid prednisolone affects the murine blood–brain barrier in vivo. Isolated brain tissue of control and prednisolone-injected mice was examined by employing immunoblotting and confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy, and the physiological and behavioral effects were analyzed. The control tissue samples revealed the expression of barrier-forming tight junction proteins claudin-1, -3, and -5 and of the paracellular cation and water-channel-forming protein claudin-2. Prednisolone administration for 7 days at doses of 70 mg/kg caused physiological and behavioral effects and downregulated claudin-1 and -3 and the channel-forming claudin-2 without altering their localization in cerebral blood vessels. Changes in the expression of these claudins might have effects on the ionic and acid–base balance in brain tissue, suggesting the relevance of our findings for therapeutic options in disorders such as cerebral edema and psychiatric failure

Project of NNbar Experiment at the WWR-M Reactor

Supersource of ultracold neutrons on the basis of superfluid helium is under construction in PNPI NRC KI. It must provide UCN density 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than existing sources. For the new source we propose an experiment on search for neutron–antineutron oscillations based on the storage of ultracold neutrons in a material trap. The sensitivity of the experiment mostly depends on the trap size and the amount of UCN in it. The results of simulations of the designed experimental scheme show that the sensitivity can be increased by ∼ 10–40 times compared to sensitivity of previous experiment depending on the model of neutron reflection from walls

Проблема гипердиагностики синдрома экстравазальной компрессии позвоночных артерий

 Vertebral artery compression is a syndrome that occurs as a result of hemodynamically significant partial or complete obstruction of vertebral arteries by extravascular structures. In clinical practice, this condition is most often called vertebral artery syndrome. Any vertebral segments can be  compressed, but most often the lesion is determined at the level of C1–C2. Russian authors consider vertebral artery compression to be a common cause of a wide range of patient complaints, including dizziness, headaches, and subjective tinnitus. In some studies, it is reported that vertebral artery syndrome develops in 50% of patients with degenerative changes in the cervical spine.In the world literature, vertebral artery compression syndrome which is often referred to as “bow hunter’s syndrome” is called a rare pathology. Such a pronounced difference in the frequency of detection of vertebral artery compression in Russian and world literature may be associated with a lack of  common diagnostic criteria, low awareness of alternative diagnoses, and incorrect interpretation of patient complaints. It is obvious that these factors need to be corrected in order to reduce the likelihood of overdiagnosis of  vertebral artery compression syndrome and improve the quality of medical care.  Синдромом экстравазальной компрессии позвоночных артерий называют симптомокомплекс, возникающий в результате гемодинамически значимой частичной или полной обструкции позвоночных артерий экстравазальными структурами. В клинической практике  данное состояние чаще всего называют синдромом позвоночной артерии. Компрессии может быть подвержен любой сегмент, но наиболее часто поражение определяют на уровне С1–С2. Отечественные авторы считают  компрессию позвоночных артерий распространенной причиной широкого спектра жалоб пациента, включая головокружение, головные боли и субъективный шум в голове. В отдельных работах сообщают, что синдром позвоночной артерии развивается у 50% пациентов с дегенеративными изменениями шейного отдела позвоночника.В мировой литературе синдром компрессии позвоночных  артерий, который чаще именуется «синдром лучника» (bow hunter′s syndrome), называют редкой патологией. Чем  обусловлена столь выраженная разница частоты выявления компрессии позвоночных артерий в отечественной и мировой литературе? К возможным причинам указанного феномена могут быть отнесены: отсутствие единых  диагностических критериев, низкая осведомленность об альтернативных диагнозах и неверная интерпретация жалоб  пациента. Очевидным является необходимость  коррекции указанных факторов с целью снижения  вероятности гипердиагностики синдрома позвоночной артерии и повышения качества оказания медицинской  помощи.

The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) of Three Spectrometers for the ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter

The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) package is an element of the Russian contribution to the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) mission. ACS consists of three separate infrared spectrometers, sharing common mechanical, electrical, and thermal interfaces. This ensemble of spectrometers has been designed and developed in response to the Trace Gas Orbiter mission objectives that specifically address the requirement of high sensitivity instruments to enable the unambiguous detection of trace gases of potential geophysical or biological interest. For this reason, ACS embarks a set of instruments achieving simultaneously very high accuracy (ppt level), very high resolving power (>10,000) and large spectral coverage (0.7 to 17 μm—the visible to thermal infrared range). The near-infrared (NIR) channel is a versatile spectrometer covering the 0.7–1.6 μm spectral range with a resolving power of ∼20,000. NIR employs the combination of an echelle grating with an AOTF (Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter) as diffraction order selector. This channel will be mainly operated in solar occultation and nadir, and can also perform limb observations. The scientific goals of NIR are the measurements of water vapor, aerosols, and dayside or night side airglows. The mid-infrared (MIR) channel is a cross-dispersion echelle instrument dedicated to solar occultation measurements in the 2.2–4.4 μm range. MIR achieves a resolving power of >50,000. It has been designed to accomplish the most sensitive measurements ever of the trace gases present in the Martian atmosphere. The thermal-infrared channel (TIRVIM) is a 2-inch double pendulum Fourier-transform spectrometer encompassing the spectral range of 1.7–17 μm with apodized resolution varying from 0.2 to 1.3 cm−1. TIRVIM is primarily dedicated to profiling temperature from the surface up to ∼60 km and to monitor aerosol abundance in nadir. TIRVIM also has a limb and solar occultation capability. The technical concept of the instrument, its accommodation on the spacecraft, the optical designs as well as some of the calibrations, and the expected performances for its three channels are described