Chronostratigraphy of two Late Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequences in the Rhône Valley (southeast France)

International audienceA sedimentological and chronostratigraphical investigation was carried out on two loess sections located in the Mediterranean area in southeast France along the Rhône River (Lautagne) and the lower reach of a tributary of the Rhône River (Collias). High-resolution sampling (5–20 cm) for magnetic susceptibility, grain size distribution (including non-parametric end-member modelling), colour reflectance and geochemistry was performed. The chronology was based on luminescence dating of quartz grains and radiocarbon dating of small gastropod shells, coupled with hierarchical Bayesian modelling. The Collias section (~8 m thick) records the whole last climatic cycle. It comprises a thick red basal pedocomplex S1 developed during the Last Interglacial and the Early Glacial, similar to that observed elsewhere in southern and southeastern Europe. Loess deposition occurred during the Lower (L1L2) and the Upper Pleniglacial (L1L1). It was interrupted by soil formation during the Middle Pleniglacial, of which a brown Bwk horizon has been preserved (L1S1). By contrast, the ~5 m thick Lautagne section provides a detailed record of the Upper Pleniglacial. Weakly developed hydromorphic soils are correlated with the Greenland Interstadials GI-4 to GI-2, while the main period of coarse loess sedimentation corresponds to the Greenland Stadials GS-5 to GS-2. At a regional scale, the time of loess deposition ranges between 38.5 ka and 12 ka, with a peak at ~28–24 ka, overlapping with the maximal advance of the Alpine Ice Sheet (AIS). This strongly suggests that regional glacier dynamics was the main driver of loess sedimentation

L' Insolite dans le théâtre de Schehadé (Poésie et Absurde)

L œuvre dramatique de Georges Schehadé fait partie du théâtre français des années cinquante. Ce dernier s est distingué par son refus de la forme classique de la pièce théâtrale et par son aspiration à créer de nouvelles conceptions dramaturgiques. Nous nous sommes interrogés dans notre travail sur la place de l œuvre schehadienne dans cette nouvelle dramaturgie et de quelle manière cette oeuvre a-t-elle contribué à exprimer les inquiétudes et les angoisses de notre dramaturge face aux enjeux contemporains. Composé de six pièces : Monsieur Bob le, La Soirée des proverbes, Histoire de Vasco, Le Voyage, L Emigré de Birsbane et Les Violettes, ce théâtre est traversé par deux volontés complètement contradictoires : il s agit dans un premier temps d une louange de la vie et de l expression d une alliance vécue en pleine harmonie entre l homme et le monde grâce à la parole poétique, mais il s agit dans un deuxième temps d un sentiment de vide et d incapacité à se définir dans le monde : une constatation de l absurde. Nous en avons conclu que cette œuvre se caractérise par l insolite parce qu elle refuse de donner un sens fixe et laisse sentir l hésitation et l incertitude à travers son aspect contradictoire. L insolite se trouve sur tous les niveaux, il existe en particulier au niveau de l illusion théâtrale parce qu il montre la présence du théâtre dans le théâtre, il est aussi dans la création du personnage et dans l utilisation du langage.The dramatic work of Georges Schehadé is part of the French theater of the fifties. The latter distinguished itself by his refusal of the classical form of the theatrical piece and by his aspiration to create new conceptions dramaturgiques. We wondered in our work on the place of the work schehadienne in this new dramaturgy and of which manner this work contributed to express the worries and the anguishes of our playwright facing the contemporary issues. Composed from six pieces: Mister Bob le, The proverb Evening, History of Vasco, The Trip, THE Emigré of Birsbane and The Violets, this theater is crossed by two completely contradictory wills: it is a matter previously of a praise of life and expression of a lived alliance in the middle of the harmony between the man and the world thanks to the poetic word, but it is a matter in a second time To define itself in the world: a noting of the absurd one. We concluded some that this work characterizes itself by the unusual one because she refuses to give a direction sets up and leaves to feel the hesitation and the uncertainty through his contradictory aspect. The unusual one is located on all the levels, it exists in particular at the level of the theatrical illusion because it shows the theater presence in the theater, it is also in the creation of the personage and in the language usage.MONTPELLIER-BU Lettres (341722103) / SudocSudocFranceF

In utero treatment of myelomeningocele with allogenic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in an ovine model

Ce manuscrit est mis à disposition sous la licence d'utilisation Elsevier https://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ International audiencePURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of ovine umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) seeded in a fibrin patch as an adjuvant therapy for fetal myelomeningocele repair in the ovine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MMC defects were surgically created at 75 days of gestation and repaired 15 days later with UC-MSCs patch or an acellular patch. At birth, motor function, tail movements, and voiding abilities were recorded. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis included study of MMC defect's healing, spinal cord, UC-MSCs survival, and screening for tumors. RESULTS: Six lambs were born alive in each group. There was no difference between the two groups on the median sheep locomotor rating score but all lambs in the control group had a score between lower than 3 compared to 50% in UC-MSCs group. There were more lambs with tail movements and voiding ability in UC-MSCs group (83% vs 0% and 50% vs 0%, respectively). gray matter area and large neurons density were higher in UC-MSCs group (2.5 vs 0.8 mm2 and 19.3 vs 1.6 neurons/mm2 of gray matter, respectively). Fibrosis thickness at the myelomeningocele scar level was reduced in UC-MSCs group (1269 µm vs 2624 µm). No tumors were observed. CONSLUSION : Fetal repair of myelomeningocele using allogenic UC-MSCs patch provides a moderate improvement in neurological functions, gray matter and neuronal preservation and prevented from fibrosis development at the myelomeningocele scar leve

Prophylaxie préexposition au VIH (PrEP) en médecine générale : existe-t-il des freins ?

International audiencePurpose of the studyThe purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of ovine umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) seeded in a fibrin patch as an adjuvant therapy for fetal myelomeningocele repair in the ovine model.Materials and methodsMMC defects were surgically created at 75 days of gestation and repaired 15 days later with UC-MSCs patch or an acellular patch. At birth, motor function, tail movements, and voiding abilities were recorded. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis included study of MMC defect's healing, spinal cord, UC-MSCs survival, and screening for tumors.ResultsSix lambs were born alive in each group. There was no difference between the two groups on the median sheep locomotor rating score but all lambs in the control group had a score between lower than 3 compared to 50% in UC-MSCs group. There were more lambs with tail movements and voiding ability in UC-MSCs group (83% vs 0% and 50% vs 0%, respectively). gray matter area and large neurons density were higher in UC-MSCs group (2.5 vs 0.8 mm2 and 19.3 vs 1.6 neurons/mm2 of gray matter, respectively). Fibrosis thickness at the myelomeningocele scar level was reduced in UC-MSCs group (1269 µm vs 2624 µm). No tumors were observed.ConclusionFetal repair of myelomeningocele using allogenic UC-MSCs patch provides a moderate improvement in neurological functions, gray matter and neuronal preservation and prevented from fibrosis development at the myelomeningocele scar level

The origin of early Acheulean expansion in Europe 700 ka ago: new findings at Notarchirico (Italy)

International audienceNotarchirico (Southern Italy) has yielded the earliest evidence of Acheulean settlement in Italy and four older occupation levels have recently been unearthed, including one with bifaces, extending the roots of the Acheulean in Italy even further back in time. New 40Ar/39Ar on tephras and ESR dates on bleached quartz securely and accurately place these occupations between 695 and 670 ka (MIS 17), penecontemporaneous with the Moulin-Quignon and la Noira sites (France). These new data demonstrate a very rapid expansion of shared traditions over Western Europe during a period of highly variable climatic conditions, including interglacial and glacial episodes, between 670 and 650 (i.e., MIS17/MIS16 transition). The diversity of tools and activities observed in these three sites shows that Western Europe was populated by adaptable hominins during this time. These conclusions question the existence of refuge areas during intense glacial stages and raise questions concerning understudied migration pathways, such as the Sicilian route