Teknologivurdering af alternative drivmidler til transportsektoren

I dette projekt er der udviklet en metode til konsistent at kunne vurdere hvilke alternative drivmidler til transport, der har de største teknologiske og økonomiske potentialer. Der er desuden udviklet og opstillet et struktureret, brugervenligt og gennemsigtigt regnearksværkstøj med beregninger af omkostninger, energieffektivitet og miljøbelastning. Tilgangen i analysen er at se på hele teknologispor, således at vurderingen af drivmidlerne omfatter hele produktionskæden fra frembringelse af råstoffet over konvertering til brændstof og distribution heraf frem til leveringen af den mekaniske energi i køretøjet. Der er udvalgt 10 alternative teknologispor samt to referencespor, benzin og diesel, som belyses. Resultaterne af beregningerne er behæftet med en væsentlig usikkerhed. Der er ganske stor usikkerhed om en række væsentlige inddata, f.eks. opstrømsenergiforbrug for råvarer, emissioner, prisudvikling osv. Endvidere hersker der stor usikkerhed om den teknologiske udvikling på længere sigt, især for de nye teknologier såsom 2. generation bioethanol og brændselsceller, og både med hensyn til tekniske forhold og til omkostningsudvikling. Resultaterne af beregningerne skal derfor tages med forbehold, ligesom der ligger en opgave i løbende at forbedre datagrundlag og forudsætninger

Nucleon-nucleon correlations and the single-particle strength in atomic nuclei

We propose a phenomenological approach to examine the role of short- and long-range nucleon-nucleon correlations in the quenching of single-particle strength in atomic nuclei and their evolution in asymmetric nuclei and neutron matter. These correlations are thought to be the reason for the quenching of spectroscopic factors observed in $\rm (e,e'p)$, $\rm (p,2p)$ and transfer reactions. We show that the recently observed increase of the high-momentum component of the protons in neutron-rich nuclei is consistent with the reduced proton spectroscopic factors. Our approach connects recent results on short-range correlations from high-energy electron scattering experiments with the quenching of spectroscopic factors and addresses for the first time quantitatively this intriguing question in nuclear physics, in particular regarding its isospin dependence. We also speculate about the nature of a {\sl quasi-proton} (nuclear polaron) in neutron matter and its kinetic energy, an important quantity for the properties of neutron stars

2016 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of early arthritis

Objectives: Since the 2007 recommendations for the management of early arthritis have been presented, considerable research has been published in the field of early arthritis, mandating an update of the 2007 EULAR recommendations for management of early arthritis. Methods: In accordance with the 2014 EULAR Standardised Operating Procedures, the expert committee pursued an approach that was based on evidence in the literature and on expert opinion. The committee involved 20 rheumatologists, 2 patients and 1 health professional representing 12 European countries. The group defined the focus of the expert committee and target population, formulated a definition of “management” and selected the research questions. A systematic literature research (SLR) was performed by 2 fellows with the help of a skilled librarian. A set of draft recommendations was proposed on the basis of the research questions and the results of the SLR. For each recommendation the categories of evidence were identified, the strength of recommendations was derived and the level of agreement was determined through a voting process. Results: The updated recommendations comprise 3 overarching principles and 12 recommendations for managing early arthritis. The selected statements involve the recognition of arthritis, referral, diagnosis, prognostication, treatment (information, education, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions), monitoring and strategy. Eighteen items were identified as relevant for future research. Conclusion: These recommendations provide rheumatologists, general practitioners, health professionals, patients and other stakeholders with an updated EULAR consensus on the entire management of early arthritis