Analysis of a Partly Sprung Drive

During the operation of trams in citiesthe bogies and drives are dynamically loaded throughacceleration, deceleration, passaging curves andevidently by the roughness of the tram track. Theseadded dynamic loads can significantly increase thewearing of tram drive components. The aim of thisanalysis is the investigation of stress state and motionsof the gearbox hinge (support). For this purpose,strain gauges and optical system Qualisys are used.Special type of the strain gauges arrangement formeasuring tension and bend together is designed.Acquired data are processed in the software Matlaband in the user interface of the Qualisys software

Enantioselectivity in the Noyori–Ikariya asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) is an important catalytic process in the fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. The Noyori‒Ikariya chiral molecular ruthenium complex has been the catalyst of choice for this reaction for over 25 years. The mechanism and origin of enantioselectivity has irked chemists ever since the catalyst conception. This work addresses important shortcomings in understanding the origin of enantioselectivity with the Noyori‒Ikariya catalysts, traditionally associated with the CH‒π interaction (Noyori, R. et al Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2818). Here we show that there are two spatial regions of the catalyst that simultaneously control the enantioselectivity for any arbitrary substrate: the region of the (tethered) η 6 -arene ligand and the region of the SO2 moiety. Dynamic equilibrium and interplay of attraction and repulsion via CH‒π, C‒H···H‒C, lone pair‒π, lone pair···H‒C and other non-covalent interactions in each region leads to stabilization/destabilization of the corresponding diastereomeric transition state and, as such, determines the final percent enantiomeric excess (% ee)

Aegilops sharonensis genome-assisted identification of stem rust resistance gene Sr62

The wild relatives and progenitors of wheat have been widely used as sources of disease resistance (R) genes. Molecular identification and characterization of these R genes facilitates their manipulation and tracking in breeding programmes. Here, we develop a reference-quality genome assembly of the wild diploid wheat relative Aegilops sharonensis and use positional mapping, mutagenesis, RNA-Seq and transgenesis to identify the stem rust resistance gene Sr62, which has also been transferred to common wheat. This gene encodes a tandem kinase, homologues of which exist across multiple taxa in the plant kingdom. Stable Sr62 transgenic wheat lines show high levels of resistance against diverse isolates of the stem rust pathogen, highlighting the utility of Sr62 for deployment as part of a polygenic stack to maximize the durability of stem rust resistance

Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to 300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m 2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Measurement of differential cross sections of isolated-photon plus heavy-flavour jet production in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV using the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents the measurement of differential cross sections of isolated prompt photons produced in association with a b-jet or a c-jet. These final states provide sensitivity to the heavy-flavour content of the proton and aspects related to the modelling of heavy-flavour quarks in perturbative QCD. The measurement uses proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 20.2 fb−1. The differential cross sections are measured for each jet flavour with respect to the transverse energy of the leading photon in two photon pseudorapidity regions: |ηγ | < 1.37 and 1.56 < |ηγ | < 2.37. The measurement covers photon transverse energies 25 < Eγ T < 400 GeV and 25 < Eγ T < 350 GeV respectively for the two |ηγ | regions. For each jet flavour, the ratio of the cross sections in the two |ηγ | regions is also measured. The measurement is corrected for detector effects and compared to leading-order and nextto-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations, based on various treatments and assumptions about the heavy-flavour content of the proton. Overall, the predictions agree well with the measurement, but some deviations are observed at high photon transverse energies. The total uncertainty in the measurement ranges between 13% and 66%, while the central γ + b measurement exhibits the smallest uncertainty, ranging from 13% to 27%, which is comparable to the precision of the theoretical predictions

Application for Study Agenda of Elementary School with Web Service

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem a implementací aplikace pro studijní agendu základní školy. Rozhraní aplikace je poskytnuto pomocí webových služeb. Hlavním účelem aplikace je být součástí benchmarku testovacích nástrojů. Z tohoto důvodu byl kladen velký důraz na testování aplikace a odstranění co největšího počtu chyb. Cílem je vytvořit "bezchybnou" aplikaci, do které budou zavedeny známé chyby. Bez ohledu na tento hlavní účel, aplikace poskytuje dostatek funkcí pro alespoň částečné využití pro studijní agendu základní školy. Teoretická část práce popisuje data, která jsou potřebná ve studijní agendě základní školy, a webové služby. V praktické části je popsána konečná implementace aplikace včetně jejího důsledného otestování.ObhájenoThis bachelor thesis deals with design and implementation of application for study agenda of elementary school. The interface of the application is provided using web services. The main purpose of the application is to be part of a benchmark for software testing tools. For this reason, there was a great emphasis on the testing of the application and eliminating as many bugs as possible. The goal is to create a "bug-free" application, to which known errors will be introduced. Regardless of this main purpose, the application still provides enough functionality to be at least partially used for study agenda of elementary school. Theoretical part describes data, which are needed in study agenda of elementary school, and web services. In practical part, the design and implementation of the application including its thorough testing is described

Evaluation Methodology of Rotary Flow Dividers Used as Pressure Intensifiers with Creation of a New Pressure Multiplying Efficiency

For most of the technical community, rotary flow dividers are known for synchronization of two or more hydraulic actuators. However, there is also a possibility to use them for pressure multiplication, flow regeneration, or speed control. For those applications, there is a need to describe the behavior of its quantities. This article reveals a new evaluation methodology for rotary flow dividers when they are unconventionally used as pressure multipliers and also reveals a new quantity-pressure multiplying efficiency. Then, there is an experiment provided between two rotary flow dividers with different designs, where there is a new evaluation methodology used. On the base of that, it is possible to compare and decide which divider is more likely to be used in multiplying circuits and more suitable for further investigation from the perspective of new designs. With this evaluation methodology, it is possible to compare much more than two different dividers. It is possible to run more tests and experiments with arbitrary dividers, and their new design changes to reach as efficient a pressure multiplication or flow regeneration as possible