"El fisiólogo latino : versión B". 2, traducción y comentarios

Del Fisiólogo griego derivaron numerosas versiones en otras lenguas. En latín se conocen cuatro versiones (A, B, C, Y), que pueden remontarse al siglo IVA'. La "versión B", sea o no la más antigua, fue sin duda la que tuvo mayor fortuna, la más influyente en siglos posteriores. El estudio comparativo revela que de esta versión generó la obra Dicta Chrysostomi; que los bestiarios vernáculos franceses se realizaron básicamente sobre la versión B; y que con ella se constituyó el B-Is, al incorporarle adiciones de las Etimologías de Isidoro de Sevilla, desarrollándose así el primer estadio de los Bestiarios latinos medievales.From the Greek Physiologus derived several versions in other languages. In Latin, four versions are known (A, B, C, Y) that date back to the IV-V century. The B version, be it the oldest or not, it was undoubtedly the most successful and influential in subsequent centuries. The comparative study reveals that this version originated the work Dicta Chrysostomi; that the French vernacular bestiaries come basically from version B, and that this version constituted the B-Is, once additions of the Etymologies by Isidoro de Sevilla had been incorporated, so developing the first stage of medieval Latin Bestiaries

"El fisiólogo latino : versión B". 2, traducción y comentarios

Del Fisiólogo griego derivaron numerosas versiones en otras lenguas. En latín se conocen cuatro versiones (A, B, C, Y), que pueden remontarse al siglo IVA'. La "versión B", sea o no la más antigua, fue sin duda la que tuvo mayor fortuna, la más influyente en siglos posteriores. El estudio comparativo revela que de esta versión generó la obra Dicta Chrysostomi; que los bestiarios vernáculos franceses se realizaron básicamente sobre la versión B; y que con ella se constituyó el B-Is, al incorporarle adiciones de las Etimologías de Isidoro de Sevilla, desarrollándose así el primer estadio de los Bestiarios latinos medievales.From the Greek Physiologus derived several versions in other languages. In Latin, four versions are known (A, B, C, Y) that date back to the IV-V century. The B version, be it the oldest or not, it was undoubtedly the most successful and influential in subsequent centuries. The comparative study reveals that this version originated the work Dicta Chrysostomi; that the French vernacular bestiaries come basically from version B, and that this version constituted the B-Is, once additions of the Etymologies by Isidoro de Sevilla had been incorporated, so developing the first stage of medieval Latin Bestiaries

A 43-nucleotide U-rich element in 3′-untranslated region of large number of Trypanosoma cruzi transcripts is important for mRNA Abundance in intracellular amastigotes

Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, does not seem to control gene expression through regulation of transcription initiation and makes use of post-transcriptional mechanisms. We report here a 43-nt U-rich RNA element located in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of a large number of T. cruzi mRNAs that is important for mRNA abundance in the intracellular amastigote stage of the parasite. Whole genome scan analysis, differential display RT-PCR, Northern blot, and RT-PCR analyses were used to determine the transcript levels of more than 900 U-rich-containing mRNAs of large gene families as well as single and low copy number genes. Our results indicate that the 43-nt U-richmRNAelement is preferentially present in amastigotes. The cis-element of a protein kinase 3′-UTR but not its mutated version promoted the expression of the green fluorescent protein reporter gene in amastigotes. The regulatory ciselement, but not its mutated version, was also shown to interact with the trypanosome-specific RNA-binding protein (RBP) TcUBP1 but not with other related RBPs. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments of TcUBP1-containing ribonucleoprotein complexes formed in vivo validated the interaction with representative endogenous RNAs having the element. These results suggest that this 43-nt U-rich element together with other yet unidentified sequences might be involved in the modulation of abundance and/or translation of subsets of transcripts in the amastigote stage.Fil: Li, Zhu Hong. University of Georgia; Estados UnidosFil: de Gaudenzi, Javier Gerardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Vanina Eder. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Mendiondo, Nicolas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Wang, Haiming. University of Georgia; Estados UnidosFil: Kissinger, Jessica C.. University of Georgia; Estados UnidosFil: Frasch, Alberto Carlos C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Docampo, Roberto. University of Georgia; Estados Unido

Insights on the mixtures of imidazolium based ionic liquids with molecular solvents

The properties of ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium BF4 and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium BF4) + solvents (water, ethylene glycol or dimethylformamide) mixtures are studied in the full composition range as a function of mixture composition and temperature. These mixed fluids are characterized by selected physical properties and microscopic studies using density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. The reported results showed large non-ideal mixtures, which are caused by strong anion (BF4) – molecular solvent hydrogen bonding. Likewise, the interaction of ions, evolves from anion-cation pairs solvated by molecular solvents, for mixtures rich in molecular solvent, to large ionic aggregates for ionic liquid rich mixtures separated by a transitional composition regime. The large non-linearity of the evolution of microscopic properties with mixture composition is the origin of macroscopic thermodynamic deviations from ideality.Junta de Castilla y León (Spain, project BU324U14

Chagas' disease: an update on immune mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

The final decade of the 20th century was marked by an alarming resurgence in infectious diseases caused by tropical parasites belonging to the kinetoplastid protozoan order. Among the pathogenic trypanosomatids, some species are of particular interest due to their medical importance. These species include the agent responsible for Chagas' disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. Approximately 8 to 10 million people are infected in the Americas, and approximately 40 million are at risk. in the present review, we discuss in detail the immune mechanisms elicited during infection by T. cruzi and the effects of chemotherapy in controlling parasite proliferation and on the host immune system.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e QuImica Medicinal em Doencas Infecciosas (INBEQMeDI)Univ São Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilMackenzie Presbeterian Univ, Ctr Biomol Sci & Hlth, São Paulo, BrazilNatl Univ Rosario, Sch Med Sci, Inst Immunol, Rosario, Santa Fe, ArgentinaCSIC, Inst Parasitol & Biomed Lopez Neyra, Granada, SpainUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 08/57596-4FAPESP: 07/08648-9CNPq: 473906/2008-2Web of Scienc

Arcs on determinantal varieties.

Arcs on determinantal varieties