Internet Addiction: A Comparative Study Among Children in the State of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh

Background: The Internet is the leading and most resourceful foundation of information in the world today. Internet has become a part of many peoples, mostly young in everyday routine. There has been an explosive growth in the use of internet not only in India, but also worldwide in the last decade. Currently internet has become an important tool for education, entertainment and communication. Increased internet usage may lead to point of addiction, adverseintellectual, habituation, mental complications, corporal disturbance and social effects.India now has the world’s second-largest internet user population, with approximately, 460 million Internet users in 2017.This paper explores the research on how children and youth of depend on all type of gaining the knowledge and communication ininternet and then become addicts. Aim: The aim was study to find out the internet addiction among children in the state of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, India. Method: A comparative study was conducted among children (n=70) of two district between Sagar (Madhya Pradesh) and Surajpur (Chhattisgarh), India, to assess the pattern of internet usage. Researcher have employed semi-structured interview schedule to collect primary data it’s includes like socio-economic profiles of the respondent with Young’s Internet Addiction Test Scale (IAT) and their age between 7-18 years old.The study time duration of January – May 2015 and data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Result:Out of 70 participants 50% of the both districts. 42 (60%) were Males and 28 (40%) Females. Majority of 42 (60%) were 15-<18 years old and 67 (97.5%) were students.  8 (21%) of the respondents were spent their time on internet in cyber cafe for 3-4 hours per day.In this study, 25 (37.9%) Father, 9 (13.2%) Mother, 28 (57%) Brothers and 5 (29.4%) Sisters of the respondents were using internet. According to Young’s 20-item scale were 9 (12.85%) respondents (score >79) severe addicts of internet, and most important these all are belonging from Sagar. 39 (55.72%) respondents as moderate (score 50-79) and 22 (31.43%) respondents were mild and safe (score <49). Keywords: interned addiction, internet usage, adverse effects, internet addiction disorde

C2 Superior Facetal Osteotomy: A Novel Technique in Complex Craniovertebral Junction Surgery for C1 Lateral Mass Screw Placement

Complex craniovertebral junction (CVJ) defects account for a considerable proportion of CVJ diseases. Given the heavily assimilated C1, an unfavorable C1–C2 joint orientation, an overriding C2 superior facet, a low-hanging occiput, and an abnormal vertebral artery course with a high-riding vertebral artery, placement of C1 lateral mass screws might be difficult. To address this, a novel technique for placing C1 lateral mass screws that avoid vertebral artery injury, low-hanging occiput, and overriding C2 superior facet was developed in this study. This approach enables firm fixation of C1–C2 even in difficult situations where the placement of the C1 lateral mass is challenging

Anaphors in Sanskrit

Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Anaphora Resolution (WAR II). Editor: Christer Johansson. NEALT Proceedings Series, Vol. 2 (2008), 11-25. © 2008 The editors and contributors. Published by Northern European Association for Language Technology (NEALT) http://omilia.uio.no/nealt . Electronically published at Tartu University Library (Estonia) http://hdl.handle.net/10062/7129

Ten Years Risk Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease among Adults in Rural Area of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the non-communicable diseases, has become a major public health problem and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. The important CVD risk factors are obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use. Cardiovascular risk approach is feasible and cost-effective tool, which helps to identify those at high risk for developing CVDs, so that immediate preventive measures or action can be taken to reduce the risk. Objectives: estimate the ten-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease using Framingham heart risk assessment score. Materials and Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among adults residing in a rural area of Dakshina Kannada District for a period of 6 months from July 2013 to December 2013. The data was collected using pretested semi structured questionnaire through interview methods. Anthropometric measurement and blood investigation (fasting blood sugar and lipid profile) was done. The Framingham Risk Score is a gender-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual Results: Among 712 study participants, 95 (13.3%) and 20 (2.8%) participants had intermediate and high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in 10 years respectively. The proportion of intermediate CVD risk prediction and high-risk predication was more in males as compared to females. Conclusion: The cardiovascular risk factors like obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes and hypertension are widely prevalent among adults in rural areas. The high-risk prediction for developing CVD among study participants in next 10 years was 2.8%. Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors, Framingham risk score, 10 years CVD risk prediction, Prevalenc

Effect of integrated watershed management on vegetation cover, soil organic carbon and soil fertility in mid-hills of Nepal

This research was objectively carried out to evaluate the effect of integrated management on watersheds. Thus, well managed and poorly managed watersheds were selected; where samples from three altitudinal ranges, four land use types and three consecutive soil depths were taken. Changes in vegetation cover was also analysed. The result showed an increase in vegetation cover by 27.82 % in well managed, and decrease in vegetation cover by 38.33% in poorly managed watershed from 1992 to 2015.  Soil organic carbon was found highest (43.57 t/ha) in shrublands of altitudinal range of 1700 -2000 m of well managed, and lowest (3.94 t/ha) in shrublands of below 1700m in poorly managed watershed. This paper summarises that the integrated watershed management is crucial for increasing organic carbon content at the watershed level, as a contribution to climate change mitigation.Keywords: Soil organic carbon, soil fertility indicators, watershed management, vegetation cover

Insecticide Susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes in Visceral Leishmaniasis Endemic Districts in India and Nepal

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also know as kala azar, is one of the major public health concerns India, Nepal and Bangladesh. In the Indian subcontinent, VL is caused by Leishmania donovani which is transmitted by Phlebotomus argentipes. To date, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) campaigns have been unable to control the disease. Vector resistance to the insecticides used has been postulated as one of the possible reasons explaining this failure. A number of studies in the region have shown a variable degree of resistance to DDT in areas where this insecticide has been widely used for IRS (mainly India). However there is no coordinated and standardized program to monitor resistance to insecticides in the region. In this study we tested P. argentipes susceptibility to DDT and deltamethrin in VL endemic villages in India and Nepal. The results confirmed the DDT resistance in India and in a border village of Nepal. P. argentipes from both countries were in general susceptible to deltamethrin, an insecticide used in some long lasting insecticidal nets

Mechanisms of Estrogens’ Dose-Dependent Neuroprotective and Neurodamaging Effects in Experimental Models of Cerebral Ischemia

Ever since the hypothesis was put forward that estrogens could protect against cerebral ischemia, numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms of their effects. Despite initial studies showing ameliorating effects, later trials in both humans and animals have yielded contrasting results regarding the fundamental issue of whether estrogens are neuroprotective or neurodamaging. Therefore, investigations of the possible mechanisms of estrogen actions in brain ischemia have been difficult to assess. A recently published systematic review from our laboratory indicates that the dichotomy in experimental rat studies may be caused by the use of insufficiently validated estrogen administration methods resulting in serum hormone concentrations far from those intended, and that physiological estrogen concentrations are neuroprotective while supraphysiological concentrations augment the damage from cerebral ischemia. This evidence offers a new perspective on the mechanisms of estrogens’ actions in cerebral ischemia, and also has a direct bearing on the hormone replacement therapy debate. Estrogens affect their target organs by several different pathways and receptors, and the mechanisms proposed for their effects on stroke probably prevail in different concentration ranges. In the current article, previously suggested neuroprotective and neurodamaging mechanisms are reviewed in a hormone concentration perspective in an effort to provide a mechanistic framework for the dose-dependent paradoxical effects of estrogens in stroke. It is concluded that five protective mechanisms, namely decreased apoptosis, growth factor regulation, vascular modulation, indirect antioxidant properties and decreased inflammation, and the proposed damaging mechanism of increased inflammation, are currently supported by experiments performed in optimal biological settings

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV