RKKY-like contributions to the magnetic anisotropy energy: 3d adatoms on Pt(111) surface

The magnetic anisotropy energy defines the energy barrier that stabilizes a magnetic moment. Utilizing density functional theory based simulations and analytical formulations, we establish that this barrier is strongly modified by long-range contributions very similar to Frieden oscillations and Rudermann-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions. Thus, oscillations are expected and observed, with different decaying factors and highly anisotropic in realistic materials, which can switch non-trivially the sign of the magnetic anisotropy energy. This behavior is general and for illustration we address transition metals adatoms, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co deposited on Pt(111) surface. We explain in particular the mechanisms leading to the strong site-dependence of the magnetic anisotropy energy observed for Fe adatoms on Pt(111) surface as revealed previously via first-principles based simulations and inelastic scanning tunneling spectroscopy (A. A. Khajetoorians et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 157204 (2013)). The same mechanisms are probably active for the site-dependence of the magnetic anisotropy energy obtained for Fe adatoms on Pd or Rh(111) surfaces and for Co adatoms on Rh(111) surface (P. Blonski et al. Phys. Rev. B 81, 104426 (2010)).Comment: published manuscript with additional figures and comment

Performance Analysis of a 5G Transceiver Implementation for Remote Areas Scenarios

The fifth generation of mobile communication networks will support a large set of new services and applications. One important use case is the remote area coverage for broadband Internet access. This use case ha significant social and economic impact, since a considerable percentage of the global population living in low populated area does not have Internet access and the communication infrastructure in rural areas can be used to improve agribusiness productivity. The aim of this paper is to analyze the performance of a 5G for Remote Areas transceiver, implemented on field programmable gate array based hardware for real-time processing. This transceiver employs the latest digital communication techniques, such as generalized frequency division multiplexing waveform combined with 2 by 2 multiple-input multiple-output diversity scheme and polar channel coding. The performance of the prototype is evaluated regarding its out-of-band emissions and bit error rate under AWGN channel.Comment: Presented in 2018 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC),18-21 June, 2018, Ljubljana, Sloveni

Expressiveness of Neural Networks Having Width Equal or Below the Input Dimension

The understanding about the minimum width of deep neural networks needed to ensure universal approximation for different activation functions has progressively been extended (Park et al., 2020). In particular, with respect to approximation on general compact sets in the input space, a network width less than or equal to the input dimension excludes universal approximation. In this work, we focus on network functions of width less than or equal to the latter critical bound. We prove that in this regime, the exact fit of partially constant functions on disjoint compact sets is still possible for ReLU network functions under some conditions on the mutual location of these components. We show that with cosine as activation function, a three layer network of width one is sufficient to approximate any function on arbitrary finite sets. Conversely, we prove a maximum principle from which we conclude that for all continuous and monotonic activation functions, universal approximation of arbitrary continuous functions is impossible on sets that coincide with the boundary of an open set plus an inner point

Research Ethics and the CGIAR

This report was discussed at the 5th Meeting of the Science Council in April 2006. The report was prepared by an independent panel (see authors) led by Peter Sandoe. The present study is concerned with ethical issues relating to the process involved in the CGIAR mission: scientific research and research-related activities. Roughly, these ethical issues can be divided into three different categories: The first is about the implications of the CGIAR’s overall objective for the way the research activities are conducted, i.e. the requirements of ensuring that the end beneficiaries of the research actually are benefited through dissemination of research results, through empowerment and through participation in relevant parts of the research process. Another implication is the requirement of ensuring a stable and transparent research process through dialogue and communication with the relevant stakeholders. A second type of ethical issue is that relating to the parties affected by the research activities. These are, among others, human or animal research subjects, the environment and the general public. Important issues are concerned with ensuring that research results remain a public good and how to deal with intellectual property (IP) issues. Other important issues are biodiversity protection and biosafety. The third types of issue relate to the ethical requirements internal to the conduct of research activities. These requirements include norms of good scientific practice and norms concerning the handling of funding

Primary care physicians and infant mortality : Evidence from Brazil

Primary health care has been recognized as a critical strategy for improving population health in developing countries. This paper investigates the effect of primary care physicians on the infant mortality rate in Brazil using a dynamic panel data approach. This method accounts for the endogeneity problem and the persistence of infant mortality over time. The empirical analysis uses an eight-year panel of municipalities between 2005 and 2012. The results indicate that primary care physician supply contributed to the decline of infant mortality in Brazil. An increase of one primary care physician per 10,000 population was associated with 7.08 fewer infant deaths per 10,000 live births. This suggests that, in addition to other determinants, primary care physicians can play an important role in accounting for the reduction of infant mortality rates

MAINT.Data: modelling and analysing interval data in R

We present the CRAN R package MAINT.Data for the modelling and analysis of multivariate interval data, i.e., where units are described by variables whose values are intervals of IR, representing intrinsic variability. Parametric inference methodologies based on probabilistic models for interval variables have been developed, where each interval is represented by its midpoint and log-range, for which multivariate Normal and Skew-Normal distributions are assumed. The intrinsic nature of the interval variables leads to special structures of the variance-covariance matrix, which are represented by four different possible configurations. MAINT.Data implements the proposed methodologies in the S4 object system, introducing a specific data class for representing interval data. It includes functions and methods for modelling and analysing interval data, in particular maximum likelihood estimation, statistical tests for the different configurations, (M)ANOVA and Discriminant Analysis. For the Gaussian model, Model-based Clustering, robust estimation, outlier detection and Robust Discriminant Analysis are also availableinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Walking football as sustainable exercise for older adults – A pilot investigation

The health benefits of playing football and the importance of exercise and social contact for healthy ageing are well established, but few older adults in the UK take enough exercise. Football is popular, flexible in format and draws players into engrossing, effortful and social exercise, but the physical demands of play at full speed may make it unsustainable for some older adults. Restricted to walking pace, will play still be engaging? Will health benefits be retained? Will physical demands remain manageable? This pilot study aims to investigate: (1) the experience of older adults playing walking football every week, is it sustainable and rewarding, (2) the intensity and locomotor pattern of walking football, (3) the scale and nature of walking football health benefits and (4) possible cognitive benefits of playing walking football through measures of processing speed, selective and divided attention and updating and inhibition components of executive function. ‘Walking football’ and ‘waiting list’ groups were compared before and after 12 weeks of one-hour per week football. Walking football was found to be engaging, sustainable for older adults and moderately intensive; however, selective health and cognitive benefits were not found from this brief intervention