78 research outputs found
UK informative inventory report (1990 to 2013)
This is the 10th Informative Inventory Report (IIR) from the UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) Programme. The report is compiled to accompany the UKâs 2015 data submission under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) and contains detailed information on annual emission estimates of air quality pollutants by source in the UK from 1990 onwards
Electromagnetic propagation features of ground-penetrating radars for the exploration of Martian subsurface
In this work, the effects of magnetic inclusions in a Mars-like soil are considered with reference to
the electromagnetic propagation features of ground-penetrating radars (GPRs). Low-frequency and
time-domain techniques, using L-C-R meters and TDR instruments, respectively, are implemented
in laboratory experimental set-ups in order to evaluate complex permittivity and permeability and
wave velocity for different scenarios of a dielectric background medium (silica) with magnetic
inclusions (magnetite). Attenuation and maximum detection ranges have also been evaluated by taking
into account a realistic GPR environment, which includes the transmitting/receiving antenna
performance and the complex structure of the subsurface. The analysis and the interpretation of
these results shed new light on the significant influence of magnetic inclusions on the performance
of Martian orbiting and rover-driven GPRs.Published5-11reserve
The pion transition form factor and the pion distribution amplitude
Recent BaBaR data on the pion transition form factor, whose Q^2 dependence is
much steeper then predicted by asymptotic Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), have
caused a renewed interest in its theoretical description. We present here a
formalism based on a model independent low energy description and a high energy
description based on QCD, which match at a scale Q_0. The high energy
description incorporates a flat pion distribution amplitude, phi(x)=1, at the
matching scale Q_0 and QCD evolution from Q_0 to Q>Q_0. The flat pion
distribution is connected, through soft pion theorems and chiral symmetry, to
the pion valance parton distribution at the same low scale Q_0. The procedure
leads to a good description of the data, and incorporating additional twist
three effects, to an excellent description of the data.Comment: 11 pages, 5 postscript figures, uses epsfig.sty and 1 appendi
UK Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990 to 2021: annual report for submission under the Framework Convention on Climate Change
This is the United Kingdomâs National Inventory Report (NIR) submitted in 2023 to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It contains national
greenhouse gas emission estimates for the period 1990-2021, and descriptions of the methods
used to produce the estimates.
The greenhouse gas inventory (GHGI) is based on the same datasets used by the UK in the
National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) for reporting atmospheric emissions under
other international agreements. The GHGI is therefore consistent with these other air
emissions inventories where they overlap.
The greenhouse gas inventory is compiled on behalf of the UK Department for Energy Security
and Net Zero (DESNZ) for the Science and Innovation for Climate and Energy (SICE)
Directorate, by Ricardo Energy & Environment. We acknowledge the positive support and
advice from DESNZ throughout the work, and we are grateful for the help of all those who have
contributed to this NIR. A list of the contributors can be found in Chapter 18.
The GHGI is compiled according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
2006 Guidelines (IPCC, 2006). Each year the inventory is updated to include the latest data
available. Improvements to the methodology are backdated as necessary to ensure a
consistent time series. Methodological changes are made to take account of new data sources,
or new guidance from IPCC, and new research, sponsored by DESNZ or otherwise
DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS, TEMPERAMENT/CHARACTER, AND ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER TRAITS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS SEEKING COUNSELIN
Background: To investigate depressive symptoms, temperament, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits in medical students, comparing those who sought psychological counseling with those who did not seek it.
Subjects and methods: We assessed 49 students seeking counseling (mean age=24.4 years, SD=4.07) and 49 noncounseling controls (mean age=21.7 years, SD=2.6). Participants were assessed for depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory- II, for temperament/character dimensions using the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, and for attention deficit/hyperactivity
symptoms using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale.
Results: Counseling-seeking students were more likely to have attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, scored higher on the Beck Depression Inventory-II and on the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Harm avoidance, and lower on the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Self-Directedness, compared to controls.
Conclusions: Medical students applying for counseling should be carefully assessed for depressive symptoms, attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, and temperament characteristics; depressive and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms could be the focus of counseling interventions
Measurement of gas-phase OH radical oxidation and film thickness of organic films at the airâwater interface using material extracted from urban, remote and wood smoke aerosol
The presence of an organic film on a cloud droplet or aqueous aerosol particle has the potential to alter the chemical, optical and physical properties of the droplet or particle. In the study presented, water insoluble organic materials extracted from urban, remote (Antarctica) and wood burning atmospheric aerosol were found to have stable, compressible, films at the airâwater interface that were typically âŒ6â18 Ă
thick. These films are reactive towards gas-phase OH radicals and decay exponentially, with bimolecular rate constants for reaction with gas-phase OH radicals of typically 0.08â1.5 Ă 10â10 cm3 moleculeâ1 sâ1. These bimolecular rate constants equate to initial OH radical uptake coefficients estimated to be âŒ0.6â1 except woodsmoke (âŒ0.05). The film thickness and the neutron scattering length density of the extracted atmosphere aerosol material (from urban, remote and wood burning) were measured by neutron reflection as they were exposed to OH radicals. For the first time neutron reflection has been demonstrated as an excellent technique for studying the thin films formed at airâwater interfaces from materials extracted from atmospheric aerosol samples. Additionally, the kinetics of gas-phase OH radicals with a proxy compound, the lipid 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) was studied displaying significantly different behaviour, thus demonstrating it is not a good proxy for atmospheric materials that may form films at the airâwater interface. The atmospheric lifetimes, with respect to OH radical oxidation, of the insoluble organic materials extracted from atmospheric aerosol at the airâwater interface were a few hours. Relative to a possible physical atmospheric lifetime of 4 days, the oxidation of these films is important and needs inclusion in atmospheric models. The optical properties of these films were previously reported [Shepherd et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2018, 18, 5235â5252] and there is a significant change in top of the atmosphere albedo for these thin films on coreâshell atmospheric aerosol using the film thickness data and confirmation of stable film formation at the airâwater interface presented here
Single-cell transcriptomes from human kidneys reveal the cellular identity of renal tumors.
Messenger RNA encodes cellular function and phenotype. In the context of human cancer, it defines the identities of malignant cells and the diversity of tumor tissue. We studied 72,501 single-cell transcriptomes of human renal tumors and normal tissue from fetal, pediatric, and adult kidneys. We matched childhood Wilms tumor with specific fetal cell types, thus providing evidence for the hypothesis that Wilms tumor cells are aberrant fetal cells. In adult renal cell carcinoma, we identified a canonical cancer transcriptome that matched a little-known subtype of proximal convoluted tubular cell. Analyses of the tumor composition defined cancer-associated normal cells and delineated a complex vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling circuit. Our findings reveal the precise cellular identities and compositions of human kidney tumors
Double parton correlations and constituent quark models: a light front approach to the valence sector
An explicit evaluation of the double parton distribution functions (dPDFs), within a relativistic Light-Front approach to constituent quark models, is presented. dPDFs encode information on the correlations between two partons inside a target and represent the non-perturbative QCD ingredient for the description of double parton scattering in proton-proton collisions, a crucial issue in the search of new Physics at the LHC. Valence dPDFs are evaluated at the low scale of the model and the perturbative scale of the experiments is reached by means of QCD evolution. The present results show that the strong correlation effects present at the scale of the model are still sizable, in the valence region, at the experimental scale. At the low values of x presently studied at the LHC the correlations become less relevant, although they are still important for the spin-dependent contributions to unpolarized proton scattering
The Italian arm of the PREPARE study: an international project to evaluate and license a maternal vaccine against group B streptococcus.
BACKGROUND: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis in infants, with long term neurodevelopmental sequelae. GBS may be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, including spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and preterm birth. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is currently the only way to prevent early-onset disease (presenting at 0 to 6âdays of life), although it has no impact on the disease presenting over 6âdays of life and its implementation is challenging in resource poor countries. A maternal vaccine against GBS could reduce all GBS manifestations as well as improve pregnancy outcomes, even in low-income countries. MAIN BODY: The term "PREPARE" designates an international project aimed at developing a maternal vaccination platform to test vaccines against neonatal GBS infections by maternal immunization. It is a non-profit, multi-center, interventional and experimental study (promoted by the St George University of London. [UK]) with the aim of developing a maternal vaccination platform, determining pregnancy outcomes, and defining the extent of GBS infections in children and mothers in Africa. PREPARE also aims to estimate the protective serocorrelates against the main GBS serotypes that cause diseases in Europe and Africa and to conduct two trials on candidate GBS vaccines. PREPARE consists of 6 work packages. In four European countries (Italy, UK, Netherlands, France) the recruitment of cases and controls will start in 2020 and will end in 2022. The Italian PREPARE network includes 41 centers. The Italian network aims to collect: GBS isolates from infants with invasive disease, maternal and neonatal sera (cases); cord sera and GBS strains from colonized mothers whose infants do not develop GBS infection (controls). SHORT CONCLUSION: PREPARE will contribute information on protective serocorrelates against the main GBS serotypes that cause diseases in Europe and Africa. The vaccine that will be tested by the PREPARE study could be an effective strategy to prevent GBS disease
International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis
Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICARâRS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICARâRSâ2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidenceâbased findings of the document. Methods: ICARâRS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidenceâbased reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidenceâbased reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICARâRSâ2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidenceâbased management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICARâRSâ2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidenceâbased recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS
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