Observaciones estratigráficas del paso del Jurásico marino a la facies purbeckiense en la región de Santander

En este trabajo se describen los principales rasgos estratigráficos la facies purbeckiense (RAMÍREZ DEL POZO) de Santander y, en especial, del paso de las facies marinas del Dogger a las salobres del Malm, estudiadas sobre tres secciones estratigráficas detalladas realizadas en Ramales y Alceda (Santander) y Aguilar de Campóo (Palencia en su límite con Santander). El paso de las facies marinas del Dogger a las salobres del Malm se realiza, en la región de Santander, mediante una fase detrítica que comienza con un conglomerado de base de cantos calcáreos que, en Ramales y Aguilar de Campóo, contiene cantos procedentes del Dogger, pero que en Alceda puede considerarse como una brecha intraformacional de edad Callovietise-Malm, cuyos intraclastos son de la misma naturaleza que el cemento

Estratigrafía del Aptense y Albense en la zona de Durango (Vizcaya), y estudio de la sedimentación de arcillas con formación de figuras en "bolas concéntricas"

En el Albense inferior de la zona de Durango, que se desarrolla sobre un Aptense formado por calizas organógenas arrecifales, hay unos niveles de arcillas, con desarrollo de figuras en "bolas concéntricas ", intercalados entre calizas arrecifales, que se producen como resultado de la sedimentación fina terrígena en las laderas de los arrecifes, y su transporte a fondos de cuencas interarrecifales de facies "Lagoon" en relación con la destrucción de los arrecifes por el oleaje al cesar la subsidencia. La sedimentación terrígena muy intensa produce, durante el Albense medio, el cese total de la actividad de los organismos constructores de calizas arrecifales. En el Albense superior vuelven a restablecerse temporal y localmente las condiciones favorables para la vida de los organismos coloniales biohermales, y, en los fondos entre estos arrecifes, se depositan nuevamente arcillas con figuras "en bolas concéntricas "

Utilización de ansiolíticos e hipnóticos en España (1995-2002)

Producción CientíficaFundamento: Estudios recientes han señalado un aumento en el consumo de ansiolíticos e hipnóticos, así como su uso inadecuado, en países occidentales. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer su patrón de utilización en España entre los años 1995 y 2002. Métodos: Los datos de consumo de medicamentos se obtuvieron de la base de datos ECOM (Especialidades Consumo de Medicamentos) del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, que contiene información sobre el consumo de medicamentos dispensados con cargo al Sistema Nacional de Salud en farmacias comunitarias. Los datos se expresaron en Dosis Diarias Definidas por 1.000 habitantes y día. Resultados: La utilización de ansiolíticos e hipnóticos creció desde 39,71 Dosis Diarias Definidas por 1.000 habitantes y día en 1995 a 62,02 en 2002. A lo largo del periodo estudiado las benzodiazepinas de vida media intermedia (8-24 horas) fueron los medicamentos más utilizados, en especial lorazepam, alprazolam y lormetazepam. El principio activo que más disminuyó su consumo fue el flunitrazepam. Conclusiones: Aunque el consumo de ansiolíticos e hipnóticos en España experimentó un notable incremento en los últimos años, el patrón de consumo no presentó modificaciones sustanciales

The Machine-Part Cell Formation Problem with Non-Binary Values: A MILP Model and a Case of Study in the Accounting Profession

The traditional machine-part cell formation problem simultaneously clusters machines and parts in different production cells from a zero–one incidence matrix that describes the existing interactions between the elements. This manuscript explores a novel alternative for the well-known machine-part cell formation problem in which the incidence matrix is composed of non-binary values. The model is presented as multiple-ratio fractional programming with binary variables in quadratic terms. A simple reformulation is also implemented in the manuscript to express the model as a mixed-integer linear programming optimization problem. The performance of the proposed model is shown through two types of empirical experiments. In the first group of experiments, the model is tested with a set of randomized matrices, and its performance is compared to the one obtained with a standard greedy algorithm. These experiments showed that the proposed model achieves higher fitness values in all matrices considered than the greedy algorithm. In the second type of experiment, the optimization model is evaluated with a real-world problem belonging to Human Resource Management. The results obtained were in line with previous findings described in the literature about the case study

Seed Morphology in the Vitaceae Based on Geometric Models

16 páginas, 8 figuras, 6 tablasMorphometric methods based on artificial vision algorithms provide measurements for magnitudes descriptive of seed images (i.e., the length, width, area, and surface circularity index). Nevertheless, their results frequently omit the resemblance of the images to geometric figures that may be used as models. A complementary method based on the comparison of seed images with geometric models is applied to seeds of Vitis spp. The J index gives the percentage of similarity between a seed image and the model. Seven new geometric models are described based on the heart-shaped and piriform curves. Seeds of different species, subspecies and cultivars of Vitis adjust to different models. Models 1 and 3, the heart curve and the water drop, adjust better to seeds of V. amurensis, V. labrusca and V. rupestris than to V. vinifera. Model 6, the Fibonacci’s pear, adjusts well to seeds of V. vinifera, in general, and better to V. vinifera ssp. vinifera than to V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris. Seed morphology in species of Cissus and Parthenocissus, two relatives of Vitis in the Vitaceae, is also analysed. Geometric models are a tool for the description and identification of species and lower taxonomic levels complementing the results of morphometric analysis.This research was funded by Universidad de Salamanca (Programa XIII para la financiación de grupos GIR)Peer reviewe

Evaluación de un panel de microsatélites para el control de filiación en razas caprinas españolas de aptitud cárnica

Hemos evaluado el potencial de 20 microsatélites para la realización de los controles de filiación (paternidad y/o maternidad) de las razas caprinas españolas de aptitud cárnica. En base a sus condi- ciones técnicas hemos seleccionado nueve para este fin para poder compatibilizar la eficiencia con el coste económico. La mayor parte de los marcadores son de origen bovino. De los marcadores seleccio- nados se han calculado los valores del Contenido de Información Polimórfica (PIC), y las probabilida- des de exclusión (PE), por marcador y conjuntas, de un progenitor falso dado como verdadero a partir de las frecuencias alélicas de 30 individuos no emparentados de cada una de las 6 razas caprinas espa- ñolas de aptitud cárnica estudiadas (un total de 180 individuos): Moncaína, Blanca Andaluza, Negra Serrana, Blanca Celtibérica, Pirenaica y Azpi Gorri. Todos los marcadores seleccionados han sido infor- mativos en estas razas. La probabilidad de exclusión conjunta cuando solo un progenitor es conocido ha oscilado entre el 96,4 % en la raza Moncaína y 98,9 % en la raza Blanca Celtibérica siendo en todos las razas superior al 99% cuando se conocen los dos progenitores y queremos testar si la descendencia está asignada correctamente.Assessment of a microsatellite marker set for parentage testing in six Spanish goat breeds We have analysed 20 microsatellite markers on six Spanish goat populations bred for meat produc- tion. Nine loci were selected for parentage testing due to technical reasons. Polymorphic Informative Content (PIC) and parentage exclusion probabilities per marker and for the whole marker set were computed on allele frequencies from a total of 180 unrelated individuals (30 per breed) belonging to six Spanish goat breeds: Moncaína, Blanca Andaluza, Negra Serrana, Blanca Celtibérica, Pirenaica and Azpi Gorri. The nine markers selected were informative. In order to quantify the usefulness of the microsatellite set for parentage testing, we calculated exclusion probabilities for the two most likely scenarios: a) combined probability of exclusion of a parent when the other is known; and b) combined probability of exclusion when both parent are known and one of them is false. The exclusion proba- bility for the scenario a) varied from 96.4 % (Moncaína breed) to 98,9 % (Blanca Celtibérica breed); the exclusion probabilities for the scenario b) were always higher than 99%Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia RZ01-010-

Simultaneous multi-frequency observation of the unknown redshift blazar PG1553+113 in March-April 2008

5 páginas, 2 figuras, 3 tablas.-- El Pdf del artículo es la versión pre-print: arXiv: arXiv:0911.1088.-- MAGIC Collaboration: et al.The blazar PG 1553+113 is a well known TeV γ-ray emitter. In this paper we determine its spectral energy distribution through simultaneous multi-frequency data to study its emission processes. An extensive campaign was carried out between March and April 2008, where optical, X-ray, high-energy (HE) γ-ray, and very-high-energy (VHE) γ-ray data were obtained with the KVA, Abastumani, REM, RossiXTE/ASM, AGILE and MAGIC telescopes, respectively. We combine the data to derive the source's spectral energy distribution and interpret its double-peaked shape within the framework of a synchrotron self-Compton model.Major support from Germany’s Bundesministerium f¨ur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Italy’s Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), and Spain’s Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion is gratefully acknowledged. The work was also supported by Switzerland’s ETH Research grant TH34/043, Poland’s Ministertwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wy˙zszego grant N N203 390834, and Germany’s Young Investigator Program of the Helmholtz Gemeinschaft. This work was also supported by Georgian National Science Foundation grant GNSF/ST07/4-180. EP acknowledges support from the Italian Space Agency through grants ASI-INAF I/023/05/0 and ASI I/088/06/0.Peer reviewe

MAGIC observation of the GRB 080430 afterglow

6 páginas, 1 figura.-- El Pdf del artículo es la versión pre-print: arXiv:1004.3665v2.-- MAGIC Collaboration: et al.[Context]: Gamma-ray bursts are cosmological sources emitting radiation from the gamma-rays to the radio band. Substantial observational efforts have been devoted to the study of gamma-ray bursts during the prompt phase, i.e. the initial burst of high-energy radiation, and during the long-lasting afterglows. In spite of many successes in interpreting these phenomena, there are still several open key questions about the fundamental emission processes, their energetics and the environment. [Aims]: Independently of specific gamma-ray burst theoretical recipes, spectra in the GeV/TeV range are predicted to be remarkably simple, being satisfactorily modeled with power-laws, and therefore offer a very valuable tool to probe the extragalactic background light distribution. Furthermore, the simple detection of a component at very-high energies, i.e. at ~100 GeV, would solve the ambiguity about the importance of various possible emission processes, which provide barely distinguishable scenarios at lower energies. [Methods]: We used the results of the MAGIC telescope observation of the moderate resdhift (z ~ 0.76) GRB 080430 at energies above about 80 GeV, to evaluate the perspective for late-afterglow observations with ground based GeV/TeV telescopes. [Results]: We obtained an upper limit of F95% CL = 5.5 × 10-11 erg cm-2 s-1 for the very-high energy emission of GRB 080430, which cannot set further constraints on the theoretical scenarios proposed for this object also due to the difficulties in modeling the low-energy afterglow. Nonetheless, our observations show that Cherenkov telescopes have already reached the required sensitivity to detect the GeV/TeV emission of GRBs at moderate redshift (z ≲ 0.8), provided the observations are carried out at early times, close to the onset of their afterglow phase.The support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and Spanish MICINN is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by ETH Research Grant TH 34/043, by the Polish MNiSzW Grant N N203 390834, and by the YIP of the Helmholtz Gemeinschaft.Peer reviewe

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis. Application of adipose-derived stem cells in an experimental murine model

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a pathological condition without effective established treatment and preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) in an experimental murine model of osteonecrosis. 38 Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with zoledronic acid. After treatment, upper jaw molars were extracted. The animals were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the control group, saline solution was applied over the alveolar sockets after the tooth extractions. In the treatment group, ASCs were applied instead of saline solution. The control and treatment groups were subdivided based on the time of euthanasia. A clinical and histological analysis was performed. The presence of osteonecrosis in alveolar bone was observed in a similar distribution in both groups. In the ASC-treated group, new bone formation was greater than in controls. In this study, application of ASCs showed greater new bone formation in an osteonecrosis-like murine model. Previous inhibited post-extraction bone remodelling could be reactivated, and these findings appeared to be secondary to implantation of ASCs

ITGB1-dependent upregulation of Caveolin-1 switches TGF beta signalling from tumour-suppressive to oncogenic in prostate cancer

Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is over-expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and is associated with adverse prognosis, but the molecular mechanisms linking CAV1 expression to disease progression are poorly understood. Extensive gene expression correlation analysis, quantitative multiplex imaging of clinical samples, and analysis of the CAV1-dependent transcriptome, supported that CAV1 re-programmes TGF beta signalling from tumour suppressive to oncogenic (i.e. induction of SLUG, PAI-1 and suppression of CDH1, DSP, CDKN1A). Supporting such a role, CAV1 knockdown led to growth arrest and inhibition of cell invasion in prostate cancer cell lines. Rationalized RNAi screening and high-content microscopy in search for CAV1 upstream regulators revealed integrin beta1 (ITGB1) and integrin associated proteins as CAV1 regulators. Our work suggests TGF beta signalling and beta1 integrins as potential therapeutic targets in PCa over-expressing CAV1, and contributes to better understand the paradoxical dual role of TGF beta in tumour biology.Peer reviewe