Dynamics of Hot QCD Matter -- Current Status and Developments

The discovery and characterization of hot and dense QCD matter, known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), remains the most international collaborative effort and synergy between theorists and experimentalists in modern nuclear physics to date. The experimentalists around the world not only collect an unprecedented amount of data in heavy-ion collisions, at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York, USA, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland but also analyze these data to unravel the mystery of this new phase of matter that filled a few microseconds old universe, just after the Big Bang. In the meantime, advancements in theoretical works and computing capability extend our wisdom about the hot-dense QCD matter and its dynamics through mathematical equations. The exchange of ideas between experimentalists and theoreticians is crucial for the progress of our knowledge. The motivation of this first conference named "HOT QCD Matter 2022" is to bring the community together to have a discourse on this topic. In this article, there are 36 sections discussing various topics in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and related phenomena that cover a snapshot of the current experimental observations and theoretical progress. This article begins with the theoretical overview of relativistic spin-hydrodynamics in the presence of the external magnetic field, followed by the Lattice QCD results on heavy quarks in QGP, and finally, it ends with an overview of experiment results.Comment: Compilation of the contributions (148 pages) as presented in the `Hot QCD Matter 2022 conference', held from May 12 to 14, 2022, jointly organized by IIT Goa & Goa University, Goa, Indi

USGA Water Pricing Projection Tool

Capstone paper for the fulfillment of the Master of Urban and Regional Planning degree.Context • Water management is a primary operational cost for golf courses. • Increasing cost of water & regulatory changes will require new water management techniques and infrastructure. Task • Develop 20-year Excel model projecting water cost for golf courses in Phoenix and Minneapolis. • Use Phoenix and Minneapolis water policy research to develop a generalizable model that the USGA can apply to sites across the country. • Build in uncertainties into model key parameters

Structural insights into the interactions of repositioning and known drugs for Alzheimer’s disease with hen egg white lysozyme by MM-GBSA

Six drugs (dapsone, diltiazem, timolol, rosiglitazone, mesalazine, and milnacipran) that were predicted by network-based polypharmacology approaches as potential anti-Alzheimer’s drugs, have been subjected in this study for in silico and in vitro evaluation to check their potential against protein fibrillation, which is a causative factor for multiple diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington disease, cardiac myopathy, type-II diabetes mellitus and many others. Molecular docking and thereafter molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that diltiazem, rosiglitazone, and milnacipran interact with the binding residues such as Asp52, Glu35, Trp62, and Asp101, which lie within the fibrillating region of HEWL. The MM-GBSA analysis revealed −7.86, −5.05, and −10.29 kcal/mol as the binding energy of diltiazem, rosiglitazone, and milnacipran. The RMSD and RMSF calculations revealed significant stabilities of these ligands within the binding pocket of HEWL. While compared with two reported ligands inhibiting HEWL fibrillation, milnacipran depicted almost similar binding potential with one of the known ligands (Ligand binding affinity −10.66 kcal/mol) of HEWL. Furthermore, secondary structure analyses revealed notable inhibition of the secondary structural changes with our candidate ligand; especially regarding retention of the 3/10 α-helix both by DSSP simulation, Circular dichroism, and FESEM-based microscopic image analyses. Taking further into experimental validation, all three ligands inhibited fibrillation in HEWL in simulated conditions as revealed by blue shift in Congo red assay and later expressing percentage inhibition in ThioflavinT assay as well. However, dose-dependent kinetics revealed that the antifibrillatory effects of drugs are more pronounced at low protein concentrations. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma</p

Pseudorapidity densities of charged particles with transverse momentum thresholds in pp collisions at √ s = 5.02 and 13 TeV

The pseudorapidity density of charged particles with minimum transverse momentum (pT) thresholds of 0.15, 0.5, 1, and 2 GeV/c is measured in pp collisions at the center of mass energies of √s=5.02 and 13 TeV with the ALICE detector. The study is carried out for inelastic collisions with at least one primary charged particle having a pseudorapidity (η) within 0.8pT larger than the corresponding threshold. In addition, measurements without pT-thresholds are performed for inelastic and nonsingle-diffractive events as well as for inelastic events with at least one charged particle having |η|2GeV/c), highlighting the importance of such measurements for tuning event generators. The new measurements agree within uncertainties with results from the ATLAS and CMS experiments obtained at √s=13TeV.

Higher harmonic non-linear flow modes of charged hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceAnisotropic flow coefficients, v$_{n}$, non-linear flow mode coefficients, χ$_{n,mk}$, and correlations among different symmetry planes, ρ$_{n,mk}$ are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV. Results obtained with multi-particle correlations are reported for the transverse momentum interval 0.2 < p$_{T}$< 5.0 GeV/c within the pseudorapidity interval 0.4 < |η| < 0.8 as a function of collision centrality. The v$_{n}$ coefficients and χ$_{n,mk}$ and ρ$_{n,mk}$ are presented up to the ninth and seventh harmonic order, respectively. Calculations suggest that the correlations measured in different symmetry planes and the non-linear flow mode coefficients are dependent on the shear and bulk viscosity to entropy ratios of the medium created in heavy-ion collisions. The comparison between these measurements and those at lower energies and calculations from hydrodynamic models places strong constraints on the initial conditions and transport properties of the system.[graphic not available: see fulltext

Nuclear modification factor of light neutral-meson spectra up to high transverse momentum in p–Pb collisions at sNN=8.16 TeV

International audienceNeutral pion (π0) and η meson production cross sections were measured up to unprecedentedly high transverse momenta (pT) in p–Pb collisions at sNN=8.16TeV. The mesons were reconstructed via their two-photon decay channel in the rapidity interval −1.3&lt;y&lt;0.3 in the ranges of 0.4&lt;pT&lt;200 GeV/c and 1.0&lt;pT&lt;50 GeV/c, respectively. The respective nuclear modification factor (RpPb) is presented for pT up to of 200 and 30 GeV/c, where the former was achieved by extending the π0 measurement in pp collisions at s=8TeV using the merged cluster technique. The values of RpPb are below unity for pT&lt;10 GeV/c, while they are consistent with unity for pT&gt;10 GeV/c, leaving essentially no room for final state energy loss. The new data provide strong constraints for nuclear parton distribution and fragmentation functions over a broad kinematic range and are compared to model predictions as well as previous results at sNN=5.02TeV

Measurements of inclusive J/ψ\psi production at midrapidity and forward rapidity in Pb−-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceThe measurements of the inclusive J/$\psi$ yield at midrapidity ($\left | y \right | < 0.9$) and forward rapidity (2.5 $< y <$ 4) in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC are reported. The inclusive J/$\psi$ production yields and nuclear modification factors, $R_{\rm AA}$, are measured as a function of the collision centrality, J/$\psi$ transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$), and rapidity. The J/$\psi$ average transverse momentum and squared transverse momentum ($\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}\rangle$ and $\langle p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{2}}\rangle$) are evaluated as a function of the centrality at midrapidity. Compared to the previous ALICE publications, here the entire Pb$-$Pb collisions dataset collected during the LHC Run 2 is used, which improves the precision of the measurements and extends the $p_{\rm T}$ coverage. The $p_{\rm T}$-integrated $R_{\rm AA}$ shows a hint of an increasing trend towards unity from semicentral to central collisions at midrapidity, while it is flat at forward rapidity. The $p_{\rm T}$-differential $R_{\rm AA}$ shows a strong suppression at high $p_{\rm T}$ with less suppression at low $p_{\rm T}$ where it reaches a larger value at midrapidity compared to forward rapidity. The ratio of the $p_{\rm T}$-integrated yields of J/$\psi$ to those of D$^{0}$ mesons is reported for the first time for the central and semicentral event classes at midrapidity. Model calculations implementing charmonium production via the coalescence of charm quarks and antiquarks during the fireball evolution (transport models) or in a statistical approach with thermal weights are in good agreement with the data at low $p_{\rm T}$. At higher $p_{\rm T}$, the data are well described by transport models and a model based on energy loss in the strongly-interacting medium produced in nuclear collisions at the LHC

Production of pions, kaons, (anti-)protons and ϕ\phi mesons in Xe–Xe collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.44 TeV

The first measurement of the production of pions, kaons, (anti-)protons and $\phi$ mesons at midrapidity in Xe–Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.44~\text {TeV}$ is presented. Transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) spectra and $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-integrated yields are extracted in several centrality intervals bridging from p–Pb to mid-central Pb–Pb collisions in terms of final-state multiplicity. The study of Xe–Xe and Pb–Pb collisions allows systems at similar charged-particle multiplicities but with different initial geometrical eccentricities to be investigated. A detailed comparison of the spectral shapes in the two systems reveals an opposite behaviour for radial and elliptic flow. In particular, this study shows that the radial flow does not depend on the colliding system when compared at similar charged-particle multiplicity. In terms of hadron chemistry, the previously observed smooth evolution of particle ratios with multiplicity from small to large collision systems is also found to hold in Xe–Xe. In addition, our results confirm that two remarkable features of particle production at LHC energies are also valid in the collision of medium-sized nuclei: the lower proton-to-pion ratio with respect to the thermal model expectations and the increase of the $\phi$-to-pion ratio with increasing final-state multiplicity