Cavity assisted measurements of heat and work in optical lattices

We propose a method to experimentally measure the internal energy of a system of ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices by coupling them to the fields of two optical cavities. We show that the tunnelling and self-interaction terms of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian can be mapped to the field and photon number of each cavity, respectively. We compare the energy estimated using this method with numerical results obtained using the density matrix renormalisation group algorithm. Our method can be employed for the assessment of power and efficiency of thermal machines whose working substance is a strongly correlated many-body system.Comment: Accepted version in Quantum. Updates: New results for the work in quenching a Bose-Hubbard model; new references; v3 fixed doi links in references to make paper compliant with Quantu

Effects of european emissions trading system application to non EU airlines.

The European Union requires the application of an Emission Trading System (ETS) to all the flights arriving to or departing from EU airports beginning on 1 st of January 2012, according to the rules published in the Directive 2008/101/EC. Although actual emissions trading will take place in 2012 and on, part of the regulation started to be applicable in January 2010, in order to gather airline data that will be used for distribution of free emissions permits and for establishing the number of permits to be auctioned. EU carriers will have almost every flight included in the ETS, but non EU airlines participation will be limited to flights touching one EU airport, representing a relatively small part of their route system. However they are subject to the same administrative requirements, being obliged to submit Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) procedures to the EU Authority corresponding to the country with the most emissions from that carrier. This paper explores some of the most likely consequences for non EU carriers, coming from the entry into force of the ETS, both during 2010 and after 1 st of January 2012, when the system will start to be applicable. These effects may be classified in six categories: - strategies to obtain the maximum number of free permits in the first distribution, to be made on 2010 traffic basis - participation in the CO2 auctioning or other carbon markets elements, as a way to obtain additional permits when needed - other Kyoto Protocol tools for achieving additional permits (Joint Implementation, Clean Development Mechanisms) - fuel savings policies to minimise the number of permits needed since 2012 - new schemes for route evaluation, considering the repercussions of ETS - general planning (fleet and network) including carbon accounting As a conclusion it is shown that ETS application will have some unavoidable economic penalties and a non desirable administrative burden but, may offer a number of possibilities for minimising the negative effects of those measures and obtaining competitive advantages if airlines take early measures and elaborate the planning tools with enough anticipation

Who limits environmental federalism in Croatia?

This paper explores the role of different levels of government in the design, implementation and enforcement of environmental regulatory measures, including environmental financing mechanisms. The first section presents basic theoretical insights of fiscal federalism. Further, it reviews factors which most affect the decision regarding the governmental level to be responsible for environmental protection – externalities, information, costs, interjurisdictional competition, and government capabilities. The second section elaborates the institutional and administrative framework of environmental policy and questions why local authorities are reluctant to take a more active role in shaping and financing environmental policy. One «success story» of local initiative in Croatia is described. Additionally, this section presents some evidence on budget revenues related to environmental protection and natural resource management, both at central and local levels. The last section summarizes our analysis and offers several recommendations aiming at the improvement of environmental policy.

The Challenge of Building Proper Urban Indicator System: A Proposal for Croatian Cities

In this paper, urban indicator system is investigated in the context of urban policy processes. Indicators are seen as a tool to enhance urban management and special attention is given to their role in providing assistance in monitoring municipal development and performance. The paper will present desirable features of useful indicators from the city perspective, as well as framework to include these indicators in urban policy and management successfully. Formulation of proper indicator system requires a good understanding of the utilization, diffusion and dissemination of information in policy processes, so the paper will consider basic constraints related to these preconditions such as existing knowledge gaps within the indicator developer community vs. their theoretical limitations, communication concerns, human and technical capacities, policy issues etc. This paper will also elaborate modest Croatian experience in developing urban indicator system and lessons learned will be used as guidelines in making illustrative proposal for Croatian cities. In addition, this paper will try to define particular environmental, economic and governance variables/indices that should be adopted as urban indicators, taking in account Croatian specificities. We conclude this paper by addressing future challenges related to integration of urban indicator system within urban policy in Croatia.

Covering functors without groups

Coverings in the representation theory of algebras were introduced for the Auslander-Reiten quiver of a representation finite algebra by Riedtmann and later for finite dimensional algebras by Bongartz and Gabriel, R. Martinez-Villa and de la Pe\~na. The best understood class covering functors is that of Galois covering functors F: A -> B determined by the action of a group of automorphisms of A. In this work we introduce the balanced covering functors which include the Galois class and for which classical Galois covering-type results still hold. For instance, if F:A -> B is a balanced covering functor, where A and B are linear categories over an algebraically closed field, and B is tame, then A is tame.Comment: Some improvements have been made; in particular, the proof of Theorem 2 has been restructured and clarifie

“Voci dal viottolo d’ortiche. Vieni, sulle mani, fino a noi”: Czernowitz tra realtà e scrittura

“A land where people and books used to live”: this is Paul Celan’s description of Czernowitz. A plural space par excellence, which bears witness to diversity in its many names, Czernowitz is an accretion of stories in itself. Especially in the Austro-Hungarian years, Czernowitz is a place where languages and cultures meet, where the various constituents – the German, the Jewish, the Yiddish, the Ukrainian, the Rumanian – turn the town into a mirror of Austro-Hungarian multiculturalism. The various definitions of Czernowitz as “little Vienna” “Babel of south-eastern Europe”, “Jerusalem upon the river Pruth”, “European Alexandria” date back to these years. The article begins with an introduction on the spatial dimension of the town, within the borders of the Bukovina region. This first section is followed by a description of its most relevant component: the Jewish German group. Having probed into the physical and symbolic space of Czernowitz, the article moves on to consider the literary testimonies of the kaleidoscope Czernowitz was. Among the many voices of Jewish-German intellectuality, it analyzes the images of the town in the works of Karl Emil Franzos, Rose Ausländer, Alfred Margul-Sperber and finally the public speeches given by Paul Celan

La suerte y la sintaxis : sobre las construcciones de τυγχάνω

En este trabajo se estudian las estructuras de complementación del verbo τυγχάνω ('obtener por suerte', 'encontrarse por casualidad', 'suceder (algo a alguien)'). Frente a la larga lista de usos y subusos que suelen ofrecerse en los diccionarios, se muestra cómo todas las construcciones pueden reducirse a tres, una transitiva y dos intransitivas, entre las cuales se establecen relaciones regulares de alternancia sintáctica. Se muestra también, sobre una base estadística, que los tres usos no son igualmente frecuentes en los textos griegos y que su distribución está ligada en parte al tema verbal en que aparezca el verbo.In this paper, the syntactic structures associated to the Greek verb τυγχάνω are studied. In contrast with the long lists of different uses and distributions for this verb that are offered in common dictionaries and lexica, first, we try to prove that all its uses can be reduced to only three, one of transitive and two of intransitive character. These constructions establish among them regular relationships of alternation. Second, we offer statistical data which show that the frequency of the three constructions is very different in Greek texts and, moreover, that their respective distribution is somehow linked to grammatical aspect

The “Oviedo Model": urbanism as marketing strategy and disappearance of the historic centers.

During the past few years, the historic centers have been experiencing a similar problem in all the capitalist cities, which is threatening their definition of centres for cultural richness and vitality multifunctional. This article discusses the situation in Oviedo. The recent operations for the recovery of the Old Town have developed a marketing strategy: the "Oviedo model" of intervention in cities. An urban solution which focuses on the image does not solve the problems that threaten the disappearance of the historic center