Versión reducida del Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) : propiedades psicométricas preliminares

El objetivo de este estudio es presentar un modelo reducido de la versión española del Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Una versión reducida permite tiempos de aplicación menores, lo cual reduce efectos nocivos de cuestionarios más largos, como la fatiga, la falta de motivación, etc. El ABQ original se compone de 15 ítems que miden tres dimensiones de burnout: agotamiento físico/emocional (AFE), reducida sensación de logro (RSL) y devaluación del deporte (D). La versión española fue aplicada a 1101 deportistas de ambos sexos con edades entre 13 y 37 años (M= 19.35; DT= 4.52). Se analizó la validez interna del cuestionario a través de una validación cruzada, usando análisis exploratorios y confirmatorios. También se realizó análisis de ítems y de consistencia interna de los factores. Se ofrecen dos versiones reducidas: una de 12 ítems (4 ítems por factor) y otro de 9 ítems (3 ítems por factor). Los resultados muestran buenos indicadores de validez, tanto de la versión original, como de las dos versiones reducidas.The aim of this study was to present a reduced model of the Spanish version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). A reduced version enables answering with shorter times of application, which decreases the adverse effects of longer questionnaires, such as fatigue, lack of motivation, etc. The original version of ABQ is composed of 15 items that measure three dimensions of burnout: physical/emotional exhaustion, (E), reduced sense of accomplishment (RSA) and devaluation of sport (D). The Spanish version was applied to 1101 athletes of both sexes aged between 13 and 37 years (M = 19.35; SD = 4.52). A cross validation study evaluated the internal validity of the questionnaire, using exploratory and confirming analyses. Analysis of items and internal consistency of the factors were also carried out. Two reduced versions appear: one of 12 items (four items per factor) and another one of 9 items (three items per factor). The results show good validity values for the original version and also the two reduced versions.O objectivo deste estudo é apresentar um modelo reduzido da versão espanhola do Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Uma versão reduzida permite um tempo de aplicação inferior, o qual reduz os efeitos nocivos de questionários mais alargados, como a fadiga, a falta de motivação, etc. O ABQ original é composto por 15 itens que medem 3 dimensões de burnout: esgotamento físico/emocional (EFE), reduzida sensação de sucesso (RSS) e desvalorização do desporto (D). A versão espanhola foi aplicada a 1101 desportistas de ambos os sexos com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 37 anos (M = 19.35; DP = 4.52). Foi analisada a validade interna do questionário através da validação cruzada, usando análises factoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias. De igual modo foram realizadas análises de itens e de consistência interna dos factores. São então apresentadas duas versões reduzidas: uma de 12 itens (quatro itens por factor) e outra de 9 itens (três itens por factor). Os resultados revelam bons indicadores de validade, tanto da versão original, como das duas versões reduzidas

Rampant Arch and Its Optimum Geometrical Generation

Gothic art was developed in western Europe from the second half of the 12th century to the end of the 15th century. The most characteristic Gothic building is the cathedral. Gothic architecture uses well-carved stone ashlars, and its essential elements include the arch. The thrust is transferred by means of external arches (flying buttresses) to external buttresses that end in pinnacles, which accentuates the verticality. The evolution of the flying buttresses should not only be considered as an aesthetic consideration, but also from a constructive point of view as an element of transmission of forces or loads. Thus, one evolves from a beam-type buttress to a simple arch, and finally to a rampant arch. In this work, we study the geometry of the rampant arch to determine which is the optimum from the constructive point of view. The optimum rampant arch obtained is the one with the common tangent to the two arches parallel to the slope line. A computer program was created to determine this optimal rampant arch by means of a numerical or graphical input. It was applied to several well-known and representative cases of Gothic art in France (church of Saint Urbain de Troyes) and Spain (Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca), establishing if they were designs of optimal rampant arches or not

Concepções de professores sobre currículo e cultura

A incorporação dos termos “cultura” e “currículo” no discurso dos docentes não garante que estes concebam toda a amplitude que essas palavras abarcam, tampouco percebam claramente, e com sentido crítico, as relações que medeiam o diálogo entre os dois conceitos. O presente artigo debruça-se sobre um pequeno estudo cujo objetivo foi compreender concepções de currículo veiculadas por professores e sobre as influências mútuas entre currículo e cultura reconhecidas pelos próprios. A metodologia do estudo assentou em entrevistas. Foram entrevistados 42 professores brasileiros dos ensinos Fundamental, Médio e Superior, que lecionam nas redes pública e privada. Após uma breve discussão sobre a noção de currículo e de cultura, à luz da Teoria Curricular, é feita a apresentação e análise do discurso dos professores. Os resultados sugerem que, embora o Brasil tenha avançado bastante nos estudos curriculares, produzindo materiais de reconhecida importância nesse campo de estudo, esse conhecimento não chega de forma efetiva, ampla e democrática aos professores, o que sugere que alguns aspectos da formação de professores devem ser repensados, de modo a favorecer uma profissionalidade mais consciente das questões curriculares.ABSTRACT: The fact that many teachers use the terms “culture” and “curriculum” in their discourses does not ensure that they assign them the same meanings and have a critical understanding of the relation between the two concepts. This article addresses a small study, which was aimed at understanding how the participant teachers conceive curriculum and culture, as well as the relation between them. The methodology of the study was based on interviews. 42 Brazilian teachers who work at public and private schools of elementary, secondary and higher education were interviewed. After a brief discussion of what curriculum and culture mean, in light of Curriculum Theory, an analysis of those teachers’ discourse is presented. The findings suggest that, although Curriculum Studies have advanced in Brazil, knowledge produced in the context of such advancement – through research, development of curricular materials, and other means – has not reached teachers in effective and democratic ways, which, in turn, suggests that some aspects of teacher education should be reconsidered, in order to enhance awareness of curricular issues.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relación entre variables sociodemográficas y deportivas, dependencia del ejercicio y burnout: un estudio preliminar en deportistas

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of exercise dependence and athlete burnout and their relationship between them and among demographic and sport characteristics in a sample of 449 Spanish athletes, 320 males and 129 females (Age: M = 19.71; SD = 6.62). All of them replied the Spanish versions of Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised and reduced version of Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Results of prevalence showed a risk of exercise dependence in 8.7% of the athletes, with statistically significant differences in age (greater exercise dependence was found in athletes under the age of 18 years old), not in gender, sport dedication and type of sport. Regarding burnout, measured through its three dimensions, the data of prevalence showed 4% for emotional/physical exhaustion and 4.9% for sport devaluation and reduced sense of accomplishment. Men and team-sport athletes showed a greater reduced sense of accomplishment. Men and athletes over the age of 18 also showed more sport devaluation. As for sport dedication, participants who spent less time training had higher levels of reduced sense of accomplishment, whereas those who dedicated more time had higher levels of emotional/physical exhaustion. Finally, the relationship between exercise dependence and burnout showed that all dimensions of burnout correlated positively with exercise dependence.El objetivo de estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de la sintomatología de dependencia al ejercicio físico y del burnout en deportistas, así como su relación con variables demográficas y deportivas. La muestra estaba formada por 449 deportistas españoles, 320 hombres y 129 mujeres (edad: M = 19.71; DT = 6.62) a los que se le administró las versiones españolas de la Escala de Dependencia del Ejercicio-Revisada y la versión reducida del Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Los resultados de la prevalencia mostraron un riesgo de dependencia del ejercicio en el 8.7% de los deportistas, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la edad (mayor de-pendencia en deportistas menores de 18 años), pero sin diferencias respecto al género, dedicación deportiva y tipo de deporte. Respecto al burnout, medido a través de sus tres dimensiones, las cifras de prevalencia se sitúan en 4% para agotamiento físico/emocional y 4.9% para devaluación de la práctica deportiva y para reducida sensación de logro. Los hombres y los practicantes de deportes colectivos presentan más reducida sensación de logro. Los hombres también refieren más devaluación de la práctica deportiva, al igual que los deportistas de más de 18 años. Los participantes que dedican menos tiempo a sus entrenamientos presentan mayores niveles de reducida sensación de logro, pero los que dedican más tiempo, presentan mayores niveles de agotamiento físico/emocional. Por último, sobre la relación dependencia al ejercicio físico y burnout, todas las dimensiones de burnout correlacionaron positivamente con la dependencia al ejercicio físico.This work was supported by the Universidad Católica de Murcia (PMAFI 14/14)

Antagonistic Potential of Native Trichoderma spp. against Phytophthora cinnamomi in the Control of Holm Oak Decline in Dehesas Ecosystems

Phytophthora root rot caused by the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the main causes of oak mortality in Mediterranean open woodlands, the so-called dehesas. Disease control is challenging; therefore, new alternative measures are needed. This study focused on searching for natural biocontrol agents with the aim of developing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies in dehesas as a part of adaptive forest management (AFM) strategies. Native Trichoderma spp. were selectively isolated from healthy trees growing in damaged areas by P. cinnamomi root rot, using Rose Bengal selective medium. All Trichoderma (n = 95) isolates were evaluated against P. cinnamomi by mycelial growth inhibition (MGI). Forty-three isolates presented an MGI higher than 60%. Twenty-one isolates belonging to the highest categories of MGI were molecularly identified as T. gamsii, T. viridarium, T. hamatum, T. olivascens, T. virens, T. paraviridescens, T. linzhiense, T. hirsutum, T. samuelsii, and T. harzianum. Amongst the identified strains, 10 outstanding Trichoderma isolates were tested for mycoparasitism, showing values on a scale ranging from 3 to 4. As far as we know, this is the first report referring to the antagonistic activity of native Trichoderma spp. over P. cinnamomi strains cohabiting in the same infected dehesas. The analysis of the tree health status and MGI suggest that the presence of Trichoderma spp. might diminish or even avoid the development of P. cinnamomi, protecting trees from the worst effects of P. cinnamomi root rot

Preliminary validation of a Spanish version of the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ)

The Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ) has showed evidence of its validity and reliability for measuring engagement in athletes. Engagement in athletes is a positive and persistent experience characterized by emotions and cognitions of confidence, vigor, dedication and enthusiasm. The purpose of this study was to adapt the AEQ into Spanish. AEQ-Spanish was administered to a sample of 509 Spanish athletes and data were subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. The original model comprising four factors (confidence, vigor, dedication and enthusiasm) was replicated. All estimated parameters were statistically significant and overall fit of the model was reasonable (indexes of goodness of fit reached the minimum values). The values of Cronbach's alpha were also satisfactory for each factor with values above .70 cutoff. In conclusion, the Spanish version of AEQ offers similar psychometric properties to the findings in original version and it will allow researchers to carry out research in the Spanish context to identify personal and situational factors that contribute to engagement.El Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ) es un instrumento que ha mostrado evidencias de su validez y fiabilidad para la medida del engagement en deportistas. Este se define como una experiencia positiva y mantenida en el tiempo caracterizada por emociones y pensamientos de confianza, vigor, dedicación y entusiasmo. El propósito de este estudio fue adaptar el AEQ al español con una muestra de 509 deportistas españoles. Los datos fueron sometidos a un análisis factorial confirmatorio, replicándose el modelo original de cuatro factores (confianza, vigor, dedicación y entusiasmo). Todos los parámetros estimados fueron estadísticamente significativos y el ajuste general del modelo fue aceptable, alcanzando los índices de bondad de ajuste los valores mínimos requeridos. Los valores de alfa de Cronbach de cada factor también fueron satisfactorios con valores por encima de .70. Con estos datos, se puede concluir que la versión española de AEQ ofrece propiedades psicométricas similares a la versión original. Por ello, al disponer de una herramienta de medida adecuada, esto permitirá a los investigadores realizar estudios en el contexto español para identificar factores personales y situacionales que contribuyen al engagement

High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Disease Across Countries and Ethnicities

Despite substantial differences in ethnicities, habits, cultures, the prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and affordable therapies, atherosclerosis remains the major cause of death in developing and developed countries. However, irrespective of these differences, inflammation is currently recognized as the common pathway for the major complications of atherosclerosis, stroke, and ischemic heart disease. A PubMed search was conducted for “high-sensitivity C-reactive protein” (hs-CRP) in combination with the terms race, ethnicity, gender, prevalence, geographic, epidemiology, cardiovascular, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, smoking, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and mortality. This review includes the articles that pertained to the topic and additional articles identified from the reference lists of relevant publications. This review describes the marked differences in cardiovascular mortality across countries and ethnicities, which may be attributed to inequalities in the prevalence of the classic risk factors and the stage of cardiovascular epidemiological transition. However, hs-CRP appears to contribute to the prognostic information regarding cardiovascular risk and mortality even after multiple adjustments. Considering the perception of cardiovascular disease as an inflammatory disease, the more widespread use of hs-CRP appears to represent a valid tool to identify people at risk, independent of their ancestry or geographic region. In conclusion, this review reports that the complications associated with vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are triggered by the major mechanisms of dyslipidemia and inflammation; whereas both mechanisms are influenced by classic risk factors, hs-CRP contributes additional information regarding cardiovascular events and mortality

Validación preliminar de una versión española del Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ)

The Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ) has showed evidence of its validity and reliability for measuring engagement in athletes. Engagement in athletes is a positive and persistent experience characterized by emotions and cognitions of confidence, vigor, dedication and enthusiasm. The purpose of this study was to adapt the AEQ into Spanish. AEQ-Spanish was administered to a sample of 509 Spanish athletes and data were subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. The original model comprising four factors (confidence, vigor, dedication and enthusiasm) was replicated. All estimated parameters were statistically significant and overall fit of the model was reasonable (indexes of goodness of fit reached the minimum values). The values of Cronbach´s alpha were also satisfactory for each factor with values above .70 cutoff. In conclusion, the Spanish version of AEQ offers similar psychometric properties to the findings in original version and it will allow researchers to carry out research in the Spanish context to identify personal and situational factors that contribute to engagementThis research has been carried out thanks to the economic support of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project PSI2014-56935-P)S

Water renewal mechanisms of the Bay of Algeciras in the Strait of Gibraltar

The Bay of Algeciras (BA) is a marine environment subject to high levels of anthropogenic pressure. Here we analyze observations collected at the Bay and the results of an ocean circulation model to investigate its circulation and variability. Special attention is paid to the identification of the mechanisms enhancing the exchange of water with the adjacent Strait of Gibraltar and therefore contributing to maintain satisfactory levels of water quality.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Win-win transport strategies: searching for sinergies

In order to achieve to minimize car-based trips, transport planners have been particularly interested in understanding the factors that explain modal choices. In the transport modelling literature there has been an increasing awareness that socioeconomic attributes and quantitative variables are not sufficient to characterize travelers and forecast their travel behavior. Recent studies have also recognized that users? social interactions and land use patterns influence travel behavior, especially when changes to transport systems are introduced, but links between international and Spanish perspectives are rarely deal. In this paper, factorial and path analyses through a Multiple-Indicator Multiple-Cause (MIMIC) model are used to understand and describe the relationship between the different psychological and environmental constructs with social influence and socioeconomic variables. The MIMIC model generates Latent Variables (LVs) to be incorporated sequentially into Discrete Choice Models (DCM) where the levels of service and cost attributes of travel modes are also included directly to measure the effect of the transport policies that have been introduced in Madrid during the last three years in the context of the economic crisis. The data used for this paper are collected from a two panel smartphone-based survey (n=255 and 190 respondents, respectively) of Madrid