47 research outputs found

    Harnessing a versatile robust lactonase for biotechnological applications

    Get PDF
    Extremozymes have gained considerable interest as they could meet industrial requirements. Among these, SsoPox is a hyperthermostable enzyme isolated from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus1. This enzyme is a lactonase catalyzing the hydrolysis of acyl-homoserine lactones; these molecules are involved in Gram-negative bacterial communication referred to as quorum sensing2. SsoPox exhibits promiscuous phosphotriesterase activity for the degradation of organophosphorous chemicals including insecticides and chemical warfare agents3. Owing to its bi-functional catalytic abilities as well as its intrinsic stability, SsoPox is appealing for many applications, having potential uses in the agriculture, defense, food and health industries. This enzyme have been rationally engineered and highly improved lactonase and phosphotriesterase variants were isolated4. Their biotechnological properties were investigated and their resistance against diverse process-like and operating conditions such as heat resistance, contact with organic solvents, sterilization, storage and immobilization were underlined5. Lactonase improved variants were shown to drastically reduce virulence and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to decrease mortality in rat pneumonia model6,7. The antibiofilm capacity of the enzyme was also proved to be of outmost interest for antifouling applications. Enhanced phosphotriesterase variants were shown to efficiently decontaminate a broad panel of organophosphorus insecticides and were successfully incorporated into filtration devices for bioremediation purposes8. The degradation products generated through enzyme hydrolysis drastically reduced toxicity and increased regeneration capacity in planarian, an original Plathelmintes model. Regarding their tremendous stability these variants are currently used to develop antibacterial medical devices, antifouling paintings and insecticide bioremediation tools. 1. Elias, M. et al. Structural Basis for Natural Lactonase and Promiscuous Phosphotriesterase Activities. J. Mol. Biol. 379, 1017–1028 (2008). 2. Bzdrenga, J. et al. Biotechnological applications of quorum quenching enzymes. Chem. Biol. Interact. (2016). doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.028 3. Jacquet, P. et al. Current and emerging strategies for organophosphate decontamination: special focus on hyperstable enzymes. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 1–19 (2016). doi:10.1007/s11356-016-6143-1 4. Hiblot, J., Gotthard, G., Elias, M. & Chabriere, E. Differential Active Site Loop Conformations Mediate Promiscuous Activities in the Lactonase SsoPox. PLoS ONE 8, e75272 (2013). 5. RĂ©my, B. et al. Harnessing hyperthermostable lactonase from Sulfolobus solfataricus for biotechnological applications. Sci. Rep. 6, (2016). 6. Guendouze, A. et al. Effect of quorum quenching lactonase in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and comparison with quorum sensing inhibitors. Front. Microbiol. 8, (2017). 7. Hraiech, S. et al. Inhaled Lactonase Reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing and Mortality in Rat Pneumonia. PLoS ONE 9, e107125 (2014). 8. Hiblot, J., Gotthard, G., Chabriere, E. & Elias, M. Characterisation of the organophosphate hydrolase catalytic activity of SsoPox. Sci. Rep. 2, (2012)

    Lactonase-mediated inhibition of quorum sensing largely alters phenotypes, proteome, and antimicrobial activities in Burkholderia thailandensis E264

    Get PDF
    IntroductionBurkholderia thailandensis is a study model for Burkholderia pseudomallei, a highly virulent pathogen, known to be the causative agent of melioidosis and a potential bioterrorism agent. These two bacteria use an (acyl-homoserine lactone) AHL-mediated quorum sensing (QS) system to regulate different behaviors including biofilm formation, secondary metabolite productions, and motility.MethodsUsing an enzyme-based quorum quenching (QQ) strategy, with the lactonase SsoPox having the best activity on B. thailandensis AHLs, we evaluated the importance of QS in B. thailandensis by combining proteomic and phenotypic analyses.ResultsWe demonstrated that QS disruption largely affects overall bacterial behavior including motility, proteolytic activity, and antimicrobial molecule production. We further showed that QQ treatment drastically decreases B. thailandensis bactericidal activity against two bacteria (Chromobacterium violaceum and Staphylococcus aureus), while a spectacular increase in antifungal activity was observed against fungi and yeast (Aspergillus niger, Fusarium graminearum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae).DiscussionThis study provides evidence that QS is of prime interest when it comes to understanding the virulence of Burkholderia species and developing alternative treatments

    : Recueil de fiches pédagogiques du réseau MAPS

    Get PDF
    DoctoralLe réseau thématique MAPS «Modélisation multi-Agent appliquée aux Phénomènes Spatialisés » propose depuis 2009 des évènements scientifiques ayant pour but de diffuser les pratiques de modélisations multi-agents au sein des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société (SHS). Ce collectif pluridisciplinaire de chercheurs, d’enseignants-chercheurs et de doctorants est labellisé en tant que â‰Ș réseau thématique » par le Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes (GIS RNSC) et bénéficie du soutien du CNRS au titre de la Formation Permanente. Depuis 2009, plusieurs modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s au cours d'Ă©vĂ©nements MAPS. Ces modĂšles ont fait l'objet de fiches pĂ©dagogiques dĂ©taillĂ©es destinées aux communautés éducatives et universitaires et en particulier aux enseignants qui souhaiteraient faire découvrir la modélisation à leurs étudiants, mais aussi à ceux qui envisagent d’approfondir certains aspects avec un public plus averti. Elles sont également destinées à tous les curieux qui souhaiteraient découvrir ce que la modélisation apporte aux SHS, du point de vue heuristique et du point de vue opérationnel. Enfin, elles sont aussi des supports pour toutes les personnes qui souhaiteraient diffuser les réflexions scientifiques sur la modélisation et la simulation qui ont présidé à la rédaction de ces fiches

    Sucrose analogs: an attractive (bio)source for glycodiversification

    No full text
    Sucrose is a widespread carbohydrate in nature and is involved in many biological processes. Its natural abundance makes it a very appealing renewable raw material for the synthetic production of high-valued molecules. To further diversify the structure and the inherent properties of these molecules, the access to sucrose analogs is of utmost interest and has historically been widely explored through chemical means. Nature also offers a large panel of sucrose-scaffold derivatives, including phosphorylated or highly substituted phenylpropanoid esters amenable to transformation. Additionally, the use of microorganisms or enzymes could provide an alternative ecologically-compatible manner to diversify sucrose-scaffold derivatives to enable the synthesis of oligo- or polysaccharides, glycoconjugates or polymers that could exhibit original properties for biotechnological applications. This review covers the main biological routes to sucrose derivatives or analogs that are prevalent in nature, that can be obtained via enzymatic processes and the potential applications of such sucrose derivatives in sugar bioconversion, in particular through the engineering of substrates, enzymes or microorganisms

    Enzymatic decontamination of paraoxon-ethyl limits long-term effects in planarians

    No full text
    International audienc

    ModĂšles alternatifs (6)

    No full text
    Depuis quelques dizaines d’annĂ©es, un nouveau modĂšle animal invertĂ©brĂ© a fait son apparition dans les Ă©tudes toxicologiques : la planaire. Ce ver plat non parasitaire, du phylum des Plathelminthes, possĂšde une incroyable capacitĂ© de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration : il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crit comme « immortel sous la lame du couteau » en 1814 par Dalyell. Cette impressionnante capacitĂ© est due Ă  l’abondance de cellules souches, appelĂ©es nĂ©oblastes, qui permettent Ă  un fragment Ă©quivalent Ă  1/279 de la taille de ce ver de gĂ©nĂ©rer un animal entier. La planaire dispose d’un systĂšme nerveux semblable Ă  celui de l’homme. Elle a ainsi Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour Ă©valuer les perturbations de dĂ©veloppement et la neurotoxicitĂ© engendrĂ©es par diffĂ©rent composĂ©s. Cette revue rassemble les principales Ă©tudes de toxicitĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es chez la planaire qui illustrent le fort potentiel de ce ver en recherche

    ModĂšles alternatifs (6): La planaire, un modĂšle animal original pour la toxicologie

    No full text
    International audienceDepuis quelques dizaines d’annĂ©es, un nouveau modĂšle animal invertĂ©brĂ© a fait son apparition dans les Ă©tudes toxicologiques : la planaire. Ce ver plat non parasitaire, du phylum des Plathelminthes, possĂšde une incroyable capacitĂ© de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration : il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crit comme « immortel sous la lame du couteau » en 1814 par Dalyell. Cette impressionnante capacitĂ© est due Ă  l’abondance de cellules souches, appelĂ©es nĂ©oblastes, qui permettent Ă  un fragment Ă©quivalent Ă  1/279 de la taille de ce ver de gĂ©nĂ©rer un animal entier. La planaire dispose d’un systĂšme nerveux semblable Ă  celui de l’homme. Elle a ainsi Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour Ă©valuer les perturbations de dĂ©veloppement et la neurotoxicitĂ© engendrĂ©es par diffĂ©rent composĂ©s. Cette revue rassemble les principales Ă©tudes de toxicitĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es chez la planaire qui illustrent le fort potentiel de ce ver en recherche

    Probing impact of active site residue mutations on stability and activity of [i]Neisseria polysaccharea[/i] amylosucrase

    No full text
    The amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea is a transglucosidase from the GH13 family of glycoside-hydrolases that naturally catalyzes the synthesis of -glucans from the widely available donor sucrose. Interestingly, natural molecular evolution has modeled a dense hydrogen bond network at subsite -1 responsible for the specific recognition of sucrose and conversely, it has loosened interactions at the subsite +1 creating a highly promiscuous subsite +1. The residues forming these subsites are considered to be likely involved in the activity as well as the overall stability of the enzyme. To assess their role, a structure-based approach was followed to reshape the subsite -1. A strategy based on stability change predictions, using the FoldX algorithm, was considered to identify the best candidates for site-directed mutagenesis and guide the construction of a small targeted library. A miniaturized purification protocol was developed and both mutant stability and substrate promiscuity were explored. A range of 8 degrees C between extreme melting temperature values was observed and some variants were able to synthesize series of oligosaccharides with distributions differing from that of the parental enzyme. The crucial role of subsite -1 was thus highlighted and the biocatalysts generated can now be considered as starting points for further engineering purposes

    : Comment bloquer la communication des bactéries pour inhiber leur virulence ?

    No full text
    La plupart des bactĂ©ries utilisent un systĂšme de communication, le quorum sensing, fondĂ© sur la sĂ©crĂ©tion et la perception de petites molĂ©cules appelĂ©es autoinducteurs qui leur permettent d’adapter leur comportement en fonction de la taille de la population. Les bactĂ©ries mutualisent ainsi leurs efforts de survie en synchronisant entre elles la rĂ©gulation de gĂšnes impliquĂ©s notamment dans la virulence, la rĂ©sistance aux antimicrobiens ou la formation du biofilm. Des mĂ©thodes ont vu le jour pour inhiber cette communication entre bactĂ©ries et limiter leurs effets nocifs. Des inhibiteurs chimiques, des anticorps ou encore des enzymes capables d’interfĂ©rer avec les autoinducteurs ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s et se sont montrĂ©s efficaces pour diminuer la virulence des bactĂ©ries Ă  la fois in vitro et in vivo. Cette stratĂ©gie, appelĂ©e quorum quenching, a Ă©galement montrĂ© des effets synergiques avec des traitements antibactĂ©riens classiques. Il permettrait notamment d’augmenter la sensibilitĂ© des bactĂ©ries aux antibiotiques. Ceci constitue une piste thĂ©rapeutique prometteuse pour lutter contre les infections bactĂ©riennes et limiter les consĂ©quences de l’antibiorĂ©sistance
    corecore