Estudio de la funcionalización de textil de celulosa mediante entrecruzamiento con quitosano, quitooligosacáridos y microcápsulas de quitosano y evaluación de las propiedades antimicrobianas

In this work, chitosan cross-linked cellulose fibers were prepared using non-toxic and eco-friendly procedures in order to confer antimicrobial properties to cellulose fibers. Initially, commercial chitosans and chitooligosaccharides were physico-chemically characterized and the latter were tested by assays in vitro. Chitosan was selected based on molecular weight and acetylation degree. Chitooligosacharides were inhibitory to the gram negative bacteria E. coli, although favored the growth of gram positive bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtillis. Secondly, the conditions for crosslinking chitosan with cellulose were established by an esterification reaction with citric acid as crosslinking agent and sodium phosphate as catalyst during heat treatment. Pretreatment of cellulose with UV-irradiation resulted in higher chitosan incorporation to cellulose textiles. The presence of carbonyl bonds was confirmed, showing the chemical fixation of chitosan into cellulose. Once the treatments for the best functionalization of the cellulose textile were established, chitooligosacharides and chitosan microcapsules were crosslinked to it. And further, the materials obtained were compared with a commercial textile of cellulose with antimicrobial capacity by the presence of quaternary ammonium salts. The biomass content, spore germination and inhibition percentages of Penicillium chrysogenum and Escherichia coli in the presence of the synthesized materials were determined with high antimicrobial efficiencies; whereas the textiles with COS were not inhibitory to the tested microorganisms. The materials with chitosan microcapsules produced almost 100% of inhibition of E. coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis.Se caracterizaron quitosanos y quitooligosacáridos comerciales; se evaluó el efecto de estos últimos sobre el crecimiento de bacterias. Los resultados mostraron que los quitooligosacáridos fueron inhibitorios para Escherichia coli, gram negativa. Pero también se observó que éstos favorecieron el crecimiento de las bacterias gram positivas Lactobacillus plantarum y Bacillus subtillis. Se realizaron tratamientos para la funcionalización de textiles de celulosa por medio del entrecruzamiento químico no tóxico con el quitosano previamente caracterizado; con la finalidad de brindarle propiedades antimicrobianas a la celulosa. Para este fin se llevó a cabo una reacción de esterificación mediante un tratamiento térmico en donde se usó ácido cítrico como agente entrecruzante y fosfato de sodio como catalizador. Se confirmó la presencia de enlaces éster entre el quitosano y la celulosa, pudiendo comprobar con esto la fijación del quitosano en la celulosa. Con la finalidad de incrementar la cantidad de quitosano incorporado a la celulosa esta fue previamente irradiada con luz ultravioleta, probando diferentes tiempos de exposición. Con este pretratamiento se obtuvo una mayor cantidad de quitosano entrecruzado. Una vez establecidas las condiciones para la mejor funcionalización del textil de celulosa entrecruzada con el quitosano, como tiempo de irradiación ultravioleta, temperatura y concentraciones de agente entrecruzante y de catalizador. Se realizó el entrecruzamiento de celulosa con quitooligosacáridos y con microcápsulas de quitosano con aceite esencial de toronja sobre los textiles. Las propiedades antimicrobianas de éstos materiales obtenidos fueron evaluados contra gasa comercial la cual contiene sales cuaternarias de amonio como agente antimicrobiano. Las muestras con mayor contenido de quitosano mostraron mayor inhibición de E.coli y Penicillium chrysogenum durante las primeras 12 h de contacto, que el producto comercial. Los materiales de celulosa tratados con quitooligosacáridos no fueron inhibidores para las cepas evaluadas. Las muestras de textil tratado con las microcápsulas tuvieron 100% de inhibición de E. coli y Staphylococcus epidermidis hasta por 54h, inhibición microbiana similar a la obtenida con la gasa comercial

Heating-induced bacteriological and biochemical modifications in human donor milk after Holder pasteurization

[Objectives]: The objectives of the present study were to enumerate and characterize the pathogenic potential of the Bacillus population that may survive holder pasteurisation of human milk and to evaluate the nutritional damage of this treatment using the furosine and lactulose indexes. [Materials and Methods]: Milk samples from 21 donors were heated at 62.58C for 30 minutes. Bacterial counts, lactose, glucose, myoinositol, lactulose, and furosine were determined before and after the heat treatment. Some B cereus isolates that survived after pasteurisation were evaluated for toxigenic potential. [Results]: Nonpasteurised milk samples showed bacterial growth in most of the agar media tested. Bacterial survival after pasteurisation was observed in only 3 samples and, in these cases, the microorganisms isolated belonged to the species B cereus. Furosine could not be detected in any of the samples, whereas changes in lactose, glucose, and myoinositol concentrations after holder pasteurisation were not relevant. Lactulose was below the detection limit of the analytical method in nonpasteurised samples, whereas it was found at low levels in 62% of the samples after holder pasteurisation. The lactation period influenced myoinositol content because its concentration was significantly higher in transition milk than in mature or late lactation milk samples. [Conclusions]: Holder pasteurisation led to the destruction of bacteria present initially in donor milk samples, except for some B cereus that did not display a high virulence potential and did not modify significantly the concentration of the compounds analyzed in the present study.The present study was supported by the 110AC0386 (CYTED), CSD2007-00063 (FUN-C-FOOD, Consolider-Ingenio 2010), and AGL2010-15420 projects from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain), and by projects FIS PS09/00040 (Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Spain) and S2009/AGR-1469 (Comunidad de Madrid, Spain).Peer Reviewe

Escucha México, Estrategias Gráficas y Cultura Auditiva. Otoño 2022

Este reporte del PAP Escucha México, perteneciente al trabajo realizado durante el periodo de Otoño 2022, cuenta con información detallada sobre los resultados alcanzados en cada uno de los proyectos que integran esta organización en el período anteriormente establecido. Para este proceso en específico, se buscó enfocar la mayor cantidad de esfuerzos posibles a que el 4to Encuentro Internacional de Cultura Auditiva se desarrollara de la mejor forma posible, sin descuidar el trabajo que se siguió realizando en el resto de proyectos. Como resumen general, todos presentaron resultados positivos, pues se tuvo presencia importante en redes sociales, mejor que en periodos anteriores, además de que se combinaron esfuerzos para que el 4to Encuentro tuviera una difusión adecuada y alcanzara a la mayor cantidad de personas posibles, lo que a su vez resultó en eventos llenos de gente interesada en aprender sobre Cultura Auditiva y Discapacidad, ejes temáticos centrales de este PAP.ITESO, A.C

Procesos de aplicación conceptual y práctico de la normatividad tributaria en contextos investigativos procedimentales tributarios para el fortalecimiento de las competencias disciplinares y profesionales

La presente investigación planteó como objetivo realizar las memorias con las temáticas investigativas que se desarrollaron en el Seminario de Investigación Aplicada, con el fin de actualizar en los participantes y fortalecer sus conocimientos específicos en materia tributaria con base en los temas investigativos dispuestos y orientados por cada docente desde su inicio, elaboración, construcción y presentación ante los docentes evaluadores. Los trabajos cumplen su fin primordial con es fortalecer con los desarrollos temático de cada módulo visto en el SIA sus capacidades y competencias profesionales especialmente en el contexto tributario, en cumplimiento al requerimiento para otorgar al título de Especialistas en Gerencia Tributaria. Luego las memorias compiladas son el resultado de los trabajos presentados y evaluados oportunamente por cada docente comprometido con la calidad en cuanto a las temáticas investigativas, calidad de los contenidos, talleres teóricos prácticos, elementos metodológicos y de más lineamentos institucionales y del programa. La importancia de las memorias radica en su contenido el cual desglosa definiciones, conceptos, desarrollos teóricos prácticos, constituyéndose en un ejemplar de consulta investigativa en áreas de conocimiento fiscal y tributario en el marco de la Ley 1819 de 2016 y sus decretos reglamentarios, en síntesis al interior encontraremos fundamentos teóricos prácticos, procedimentales y resolutivos de casos especiales de Gravamen a los Movimientos Financieros, Monotributo, Renta Personas Naturales, Renta Personas Jurídicas, Procedimiento Tributario, Impuestos Distritales, Normas internacionales de Información Financiera Pymes, entre otros temas

Large scale multifactorial likelihood quantitative analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants: An ENIGMA resource to support clinical variant classification

The multifactorial likelihood analysis method has demonstrated utility for quantitative assessment of variant pathogenicity for multiple cancer syndrome genes. Independent data types currently incorporated in the model for assessing BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants include clinically calibrated prior probability of pathogenicity based on variant location and bioinformatic prediction of variant effect, co-segregation, family cancer history profile, co-occurrence with a pathogenic variant in the same gene, breast tumor pathology, and case-control information. Research and clinical data for multifactorial likelihood analysis were collated for 1,395 BRCA1/2 predominantly intronic and missense variants, enabling classification based on posterior probability of pathogenicity for 734 variants: 447 variants were classified as (likely) benign, and 94 as (likely) pathogenic; and 248 classifications were new or considerably altered relative to ClinVar submissions. Classifications were compared with information not yet included in the likelihood model, and evidence strengths aligned to those recommended for ACMG/AMP classification codes. Altered mRNA splicing or function relative to known nonpathogenic variant controls were moderately to strongly predictive of variant pathogenicity. Variant absence in population datasets provided supporting evidence for variant pathogenicity. These findings have direct relevance for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant evaluation, and justify the need for gene-specific calibration of evidence types used for variant classification

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Measurement of B-c(2S)(+) and B-c*(2S)(+) cross section ratios in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Reconstruction of signal amplitudes in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in the presence of overlapping proton-proton interactions

A template fitting technique for reconstructing the amplitude of signals produced by the lead tungstate crystals of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter is described. This novel approach is designed to suppress the contribution to the signal of the increased number of out-of-time interactions per beam crossing following the reduction of the accelerator bunch spacing from 50 to 25 ns at the start of Run 2 of the LHC. Execution of the algorithm is sufficiently fast for it to be employed in the CMS high-level trigger. It is also used in the offline event reconstruction. Results obtained from simulations and from Run 2 collision data (2015-2018) demonstrate a substantial improvement in the energy resolution of the calorimeter over a range of energies extending from a few GeV to several tens of GeV.Peer reviewe