Музичний супровід на тренуваннях як фактор оптимізації психофізіологічного стану юних регбістів 16-17 років.

to reveal the influence of the use of musical accompaniment in training on the psychophysiological functions of rugby players of 16-17 years of age. Material. Twenty rugby players from the sports club "KhTF" (16-17 years) took part in the study, 10 athletes entered the control group, 10 entered the experimental group. The experiment was carried out for two months during the preparatory period at the stage of specialized basic training. The experimental group was trained with musical accompaniment. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, psychophysiological testing was conducted. The following tests were used: the parameters of a simple and complex reaction in various modes of signal feeding, indicators of efficiency and the nervous system were determined. Intergroup and intra-group differences in the tests were determined. Results. The construction of the training and training process in rugby with the musical accompaniment of the training sessions had a positive effect on the psychophysiological state of the athletes. In representatives of the experimental group in the "Response of choice, the number of errors" test, the result was significantly improved. After the experiment, the control and experimental groups became significantly different. Similar data were obtained in the tests "Response time of choice in the feedback mode" and "Mental stability according to the Schulte test". The obtained data testify to the advisability of using musical accompaniment in the training of young rugby players to optimize the psychophysiological state. Conclusions. The developed method of using musical accompaniment is an effective, accessible and reliable means of improving the psychophysiological state of 16-16-year-old rugby players. The use of musical accompaniment positively affects mental endurance, the reaction rate in various modes of signal delivery, stability and strength of the nervous system.Калиниченко В.Є., Козина Ж.Л., Ахмат М. Аяз, Полищук С.Б., Чуприна А.И., Серый А.В., Кольман О.Я., Иванова Г.В., Кудрявцев М.Д. Музыкальное сопровождение на тренировках как фактор оптимизации психофизиологического состояния юных регбистов 16-17 лет. Цель: выявить влияние применения музыкального сопровождения на тренировках на психофизиологические функции регбистов 16-17 лет. Материал. В исследовании приняли участие 20 регбистов из спортивного клуба «ХТЗ» (16-17 лет), 10 спортсменов вошли в контрольную группу, 10 в экспериментальную группы. Эксперимент проводился в течение двух месяцев в подготовительном периоде на этапе специализированной базовой подготовки. Экспериментальная группа тренировалась с музыкальным сопровождением. В начале и в конце эксперимента проводилось психофизиологическое тестирование. Применялись следующие тесты: определялись показатели простой и сложной реакции в различных режимах подачи сигналов, показатели работоспособности и нервной системы. Определялись межгрупповые и внутригрупповые различия по проведенным тестам. Результаты Построение учебно-тренировочного процесса в регби с применением музыкального сопровождения тренировочных занятий оказало положительное воздействие на психофизиологическое состояние атлетов. У представителей експермиентальнои группы в тесте «Реакция выбора, количество ошибок» результат достоверно улучшилось (р<0,05). После проведения эксперимента контрольная и экспериментальная группы стали достоверно отличаться между собой. Аналогичные данные были получены в тестах «Время реакции выбора в режиме обратной связи» и «Психическая устойчивость по тесту Шульте». Полученные данные свидетелствуют о целесообразности применения музыкального сопровождения на тренировках юных регбистов для оптимизации психофизиологичского состояния. Выводы. Разработанная методика применения музыкального сопровождения является эффективным, доступным и надежным средством улучшения психофизиологического состояния регбистов 16-17 лет. Применение музыкального сопровождения положительно влияет психическую выносливость, скорость реакции в различных режимах подачи сигнала, устойчивость и силу нервной системы.Калініченко В.Є., Козіна Ж.Л., Ахмат М. Аяз, Поліщук С.Б., Чуприна О.І.., Сірий О.В., Кольман О.Я., Іванова Г.В., Кудрявцев М.Д. Музичний супровід на тренуваннях як фактор оптимізації психофізіологічного стану юних регбістів 16-17 років. Мета: виявити вплив застосування музичного супроводу на тренуваннях на психофізіологічні функції регбістів 16-17 років. Матеріал. У дослідженні взяли участь 20 регбістів з спортивного клубу «ХТЗ» (16-17 років), 10 спортсменів увійшли в контрольну групу, 10 в експериментальну групи. Експеримент проводився протягом двох місяців в підготовчому періоді на етапі спеціалізованої базової підготовки. Експериментальна група тренувалася з музичним супроводом. На початку і в кінці експерименту проводилося психофізіологічне тестування. Застосовувалися наступні тести: визначалися показники простий і складної реакції в різних режимах подачі сигналів, показники працездатності і нервової системи. Визначалися міжгрупові і внутрішньогрупові відмінності по проведеним тестам. Результати. Побудова навчально-тренувального процесу в регбі із застосуванням музичного супроводу тренувальних занять зробило позитивний вплив на психофізіологічний стан атлетів. У представників експерміентальноі групи в тесті «Реакція вибору, кількість помилок» результат достовірно покращився (р <0,05). Після проведення експерименту контрольна і експериментальна групи стали достовірно відрізнятися між собою. Аналогічні дані були отримані в тестах «Час реакції вибору в режимі зворотного зв'язку» і «Психічна стійкість по тесту Шульте». Отримані дані свідетелствуют про доцільність застосування музичного супроводу на тренуваннях юних регбістів для оптимізації псіхофізіологічского стану. Висновки. Розроблена методика застосування музичного супроводу є ефективним, доступним і надійним засобом поліпшення психофізіологічного стану регбістів 16-17 років. Застосування музичного супроводу позитивно впливає психічну витривалість, швидкість реакції в різних режимах подачі сигналу, стійкість і силу нервової системи

A Subset of Replication Proteins Enhances Origin Recognition and Lytic Replication by the Epstein-Barr Virus ZEBRA Protein

ZEBRA is a site-specific DNA binding protein that functions as a transcriptional activator and as an origin binding protein. Both activities require that ZEBRA recognizes DNA motifs that are scattered along the viral genome. The mechanism by which ZEBRA discriminates between the origin of lytic replication and promoters of EBV early genes is not well understood. We explored the hypothesis that activation of replication requires stronger association between ZEBRA and DNA than does transcription. A ZEBRA mutant, Z(S173A), at a phosphorylation site and three point mutants in the DNA recognition domain of ZEBRA, namely Z(Y180E), Z(R187K) and Z(K188A), were similarly deficient at activating lytic DNA replication and expression of late gene expression but were competent to activate transcription of viral early lytic genes. These mutants all exhibited reduced capacity to interact with DNA as assessed by EMSA, ChIP and an in vivo biotinylated DNA pull-down assay. Over-expression of three virally encoded replication proteins, namely the primase (BSLF1), the single-stranded DNA-binding protein (BALF2) and the DNA polymerase processivity factor (BMRF1), partially rescued the replication defect in these mutants and enhanced ZEBRA's interaction with oriLyt. The findings demonstrate a functional role of replication proteins in stabilizing the association of ZEBRA with viral DNA. Enhanced binding of ZEBRA to oriLyt is crucial for lytic viral DNA replication

Paleo-Immunology: Evidence Consistent with Insertion of a Primordial Herpes Virus-Like Element in the Origins of Acquired Immunity

BACKGROUND:The RAG encoded proteins, RAG-1 and RAG-2 regulate site-specific recombination events in somatic immune B- and T-lymphocytes to generate the acquired immune repertoire. Catalytic activities of the RAG proteins are related to the recombinase functions of a pre-existing mobile DNA element in the DDE recombinase/RNAse H family, sometimes termed the "RAG transposon". METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Novel to this work is the suggestion that the DDE recombinase responsible for the origins of acquired immunity was encoded by a primordial herpes virus, rather than a "RAG transposon." A subsequent "arms race" between immunity to herpes infection and the immune system obscured primary amino acid similarities between herpes and immune system proteins but preserved regulatory, structural and functional similarities between the respective recombinase proteins. In support of this hypothesis, evidence is reviewed from previous published data that a modern herpes virus protein family with properties of a viral recombinase is co-regulated with both RAG-1 and RAG-2 by closely linked cis-acting co-regulatory sequences. Structural and functional similarity is also reviewed between the putative herpes recombinase and both DDE site of the RAG-1 protein and another DDE/RNAse H family nuclease, the Argonaute protein component of RISC (RNA induced silencing complex). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:A "co-regulatory" model of the origins of V(D)J recombination and the acquired immune system can account for the observed linked genomic structure of RAG-1 and RAG-2 in non-vertebrate organisms such as the sea urchin that lack an acquired immune system and V(D)J recombination. Initially the regulated expression of a viral recombinase in immune cells may have been positively selected by its ability to stimulate innate immunity to herpes virus infection rather than V(D)J recombination Unlike the "RAG-transposon" hypothesis, the proposed model can be readily tested by comparative functional analysis of herpes virus replication and V(D)J recombination

Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders

Native Americans derive from a small number of Asian founders who likely arrived to the Americas via Beringia. However, additional details about the intial colonization of the Americas remain unclear. To investigate the pioneering phase in the Americas we analyzed a total of 623 complete mtDNAs from the Americas and Asia, including 20 new complete mtDNAs from the Americas and seven from Asia. This sequence data was used to direct high-resolution genotyping from 20 American and 26 Asian populations. Here we describe more genetic diversity within the founder population than was previously reported. The newly resolved phylogenetic structure suggests that ancestors of Native Americans paused when they reached Beringia, during which time New World founder lineages differentiated from their Asian sister-clades. This pause in movement was followed by a swift migration southward that distributed the founder types all the way to South America. The data also suggest more recent bi-directional gene flow between Siberia and the North American Arctic

The alpha-kinase family: an exceptional branch on the protein kinase tree

The alpha-kinase family represents a class of atypical protein kinases that display little sequence similarity to conventional protein kinases. Early studies on myosin heavy chain kinases in Dictyostelium discoideum revealed their unusual propensity to phosphorylate serine and threonine residues in the context of an alpha-helix. Although recent studies show that some members of this family can also phosphorylate residues in non-helical regions, the name alpha-kinase has remained. During evolution, the alpha-kinase domains combined with many different functional subdomains such as von Willebrand factor-like motifs (vWKa) and even cation channels (TRPM6 and TRPM7). As a result, these kinases are implicated in a large variety of cellular processes such as protein translation, Mg2+ homeostasis, intracellular transport, cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on different members of this kinase family and discuss the potential use of alpha-kinases as drug targets in diseases such as cancer

E-commerce ethics and its impact on buyer repurchase intentions and loyalty: an empirical study of small and medium Egyptian businesses

The theoretical understanding of e-commerce has received much attention over the years; however, relatively little focus has been directed towards e-commerce ethics, especially the SMEs B2B e-commerce aspect. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically test a framework that explains the impact of SMEs B2B e-commerce ethics on buyer repurchase intentions and loyalty. Using SEM to analyse the data collected from a sample of SME e-commerce firms in Egypt, the results indicate that buyers’ perceptions of supplier ethics construct is composed of six dimensions (security, non-deception, fulfilment/reliability, service recovery, shared value, and communication) and strongly predictive of online buyer repurchase intentions and loyalty. Furthermore, our results also show that reliability/fulfilment and non-deception are the most effective relationship-building dimensions. In addition, relationship quality has a positive effect on buyer repurchase intentions and loyalty. The results offer important implications for B2B e-commerce and are likely to stimulate further research in the area of relationship marketing

Neonate Human Remains: A Window of Opportunity to the Molecular Study of Ancient Syphilis

Ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis can be a useful tool in bacterial disease diagnosis in human remains. However, while the recovery of Mycobacterium spp. has been widely successful, several authors report unsuccessful results regarding ancient treponemal DNA, casting doubts on the usefulness of this technique for the diagnosis of ancient syphilis. Here, we present results from an analysis of four newborn specimens recovered from the crypt of “La Ermita de la Soledad” (XVI–XVII centuries), located in the province of Huelva in the southwest of Spain. We extracted and analyzed aDNA in three independent laboratories, following specific procedures generally practiced in the aDNA field, including cloning of the amplified DNA fragments and sequencing of several clones. This is the most ancient case, reported to date, from which detection of DNA from T. pallidum subspecies pallidum has been successful in more than one individual, and we put forward a hypothesis to explain this result, taking into account the course of the disease in neonate individuals

Extended Thromboprophylaxis with Betrixaban in Acutely Ill Medical Patients

Background Patients with acute medical illnesses are at prolonged risk for venous thrombosis. However, the appropriate duration of thromboprophylaxis remains unknown. Methods Patients who were hospitalized for acute medical illnesses were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous enoxaparin (at a dose of 40 mg once daily) for 10±4 days plus oral betrixaban placebo for 35 to 42 days or subcutaneous enoxaparin placebo for 10±4 days plus oral betrixaban (at a dose of 80 mg once daily) for 35 to 42 days. We performed sequential analyses in three prespecified, progressively inclusive cohorts: patients with an elevated d-dimer level (cohort 1), patients with an elevated d-dimer level or an age of at least 75 years (cohort 2), and all the enrolled patients (overall population cohort). The statistical analysis plan specified that if the between-group difference in any analysis in this sequence was not significant, the other analyses would be considered exploratory. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of asymptomatic proximal deep-vein thrombosis and symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The principal safety outcome was major bleeding. Results A total of 7513 patients underwent randomization. In cohort 1, the primary efficacy outcome occurred in 6.9% of patients receiving betrixaban and 8.5% receiving enoxaparin (relative risk in the betrixaban group, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 1.00; P=0.054). The rates were 5.6% and 7.1%, respectively (relative risk, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.98; P=0.03) in cohort 2 and 5.3% and 7.0% (relative risk, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.92; P=0.006) in the overall population. (The last two analyses were considered to be exploratory owing to the result in cohort 1.) In the overall population, major bleeding occurred in 0.7% of the betrixaban group and 0.6% of the enoxaparin group (relative risk, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.67 to 2.12; P=0.55). Conclusions Among acutely ill medical patients with an elevated d-dimer level, there was no significant difference between extended-duration betrixaban and a standard regimen of enoxaparin in the prespecified primary efficacy outcome. However, prespecified exploratory analyses provided evidence suggesting a benefit for betrixaban in the two larger cohorts. (Funded by Portola Pharmaceuticals; APEX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01583218. opens in new tab.