Impact Assesment of ionising Radiation on Wildlife

This is the Impact Assessment of ionising Radiation on Wildlife document produced by the Environment Agency in 2001. This report describes the behaviour and transport of radionuclides in the environment, considers the impact of ionising radiation on wildlife, and makes recommendations on an approach for the Impact assessment of ionising radiation on wildlife for England and Wales. The assessment approach focuses on three ecosystems representative of those considered potentially most at risk from the impact of authorised radioactive discharges, namely a coastal grassland (terrestrial ecosystem); estuarine and freshwater ecosystems. The likely scale of the impact on wildlife is also assessed in light of a preliminary analysis based on this assessment approach. The report demonstrates the behaviour and transfer of radionuclides in a number of different ecosystem types. Particular emphasis is placed on exposure pathways in those ecosystems most likely to be impacted by the authorised discharges of radioactivity within England and Wales. The use of biomarker techniques is reviewed in the report, and their application to the study of exposure to multiple contaminants is discussed

Uma perspectiva sobre fãs ao longo da trajetória de vida*

In this article we explore a life course perspective on fandom, with particular emphasis on fandom and adult development. While there is growing interest in issues of age and aging within fan studies and within media studies more broadly, there is a tendency in this literature to discuss aging and the life course atheoretically, ignoring a rich body of scholarship in fields that examines how lives unfold over time. Our goal in this manuscript is to make explicit what is typically rendered implicit in fan studies to enrich our understanding of long-term and later-life fandom, and to suggest ways that fan studies might more fully account for fandom over timeNeste artigo, abordamos os fãs sob a perspectiva da trajetória de vida, particularmente com ênfase na situação de ser um fã e o desenvolvimento da fase adulta. Ao mesmo tempo em que há, de forma geral, um interesse crescente pelas questões relativas à idade e ao envelhecimento nos estudos sobre fãs, existe também uma tendência na literatura de discutir o envelhecimento e a trajetória de vida de forma não teórica, deixando de lado grande parte do conhecimento acadêmico em áreas que se dedicam a entender como a vida se desdobra ao longo do tempo. Nosso objetivo aqui é tornar explícito o que normalmente é deixado implícito nos estudos sobre fãs para enriquecer nossa compreensão sobre fãs de longa data e de idade avançada, e sugerir maneiras como os estudos sobre fãs em geral poderiam tratar da questão em relação ao temp

Discourses of Distribution

Occupying the organizational space between television’s culture world of production and its audience, TV distribution serves as the institutional site where the industry implements its strategic transactions of global buying, selling, and transmission. Distribution not only connects the industrial processes of production and consumption to one another: these processes also transform TV texts and their meanings in the process. By clarifying how the site of distribution unveils the “residue” of production and the “anticipation” of consumption in addition to serving as its own unique intermediary function on the circuit, our analysis introduces a conceptual depth, or three-dimensionality, into circuit models by mapping nested discourses of globalization onto circuit models, thereby illuminating vertical as well as circular motion on the circuit. Therefore, subsuming distribution under other circuit processes mistakenly implies that distribution contributes nothing unique to television and its meanings. Ultimately, our introduction of depth/verticality into circuit models provides a new conceptual framework to guide future analyses of the structure and dynamics of the global market. This article is an edited version of Chapter 5 of Global TV (NYU Press, 2008), with a new introduction.Située entre l’univers culturel de la production télévisuelle et son audience, la distribution est une étape dans la circulation des biens télévisés : c’est dans cet espace institutionnel que le secteur de la télévision met en œuvre ses stratégies commerciales d’achats, de ventes et de diffusions à l’échelle mondiale. Mais la distribution ne se contente pas de relier les processus industriels de production des programmes et leur consommation, elle est aussi elle-même un processus qui transforme les contenus télévisés et leur sens. Nous montrons comment cette étape de la distribution, à travers sa fonction essentielle d’intermédiaire au sein du circuit, dévoile les « traces » de la production tout en « anticipant » la consommation ; l’analyse que nous proposons introduit une profondeur conceptuelle, une tridimensionnalité dans les modèles de circulation à partir d’une cartographie des discours imbriqués sur la mondialisation : nous mettons ainsi en évidence le mouvement à la fois vertical et circulaire de ce circuit. Dès lors, se contenter d’incorporer la distribution dans les modèles existants de circulation pourrait laisser penser à tort que la distribution ne contribue en rien à la télévision et à ce qu’elle signifie. L’introduction de profondeur et de verticalité dans les modèles de circulation ouvre finalement un nouveau cadre conceptuel pour de futures analyses de la structure et des dynamiques du marché mondial. Cet article est une version remaniée du chapitre 5 de l’ouvrage Global TV (NYU Press, 2008), avec une introduction inédite.La distribución se sitúa entre el universo cultural de la producción televisiva y su audiencia y es una etapa en la circulación de los bienes televisuales: es en este espacio institucional que el sector de la televisión desarrolla sus estrategias comerciales de compra, venta y difusión a escala mundial. Pero la distribución no se limita a vincular los procesos industriales de producción de programas y su consumo, ella misma es igualmente un proceso que transforma los contenidos televisivos y su sentido. Mostramos de qué manera esta etapa de la distribución, a través de su función esencial de intermediaria en el circuito, muestra las «trazas» de la producción «anticipando» el consumo; el análisis propuesto incorpora profundidad conceptual, una tridimensionalidad de los modelos de circulación a partir de una cartografía de los imbricados discursos sobre la globalización: de tal manera evidenciamos el movimiento, a la vez vertical y circular de este circuito. Por consiguiente, limitarse a incorporar la distribución en los modelos existentes de circulación podría hacer pensar equivocadamente que la distribución no contribuye para nada con la televisión y a lo que ella significa. La incorporación de profundidad y verticalidad en los modelos de circulación abre un nuevo cuadro conceptual para los futuros análisis de la estructura y dinámicas del mercado mundial. Este artículo es una versión modificada del capitulo 5 del libro Global TV (NYU Press, 2008) con una introducción inédita

Les discours de la distribution

Située entre l’univers culturel de la production télévisuelle et son audience, la distribution est une étape dans la circulation des biens télévisés : c’est dans cet espace institutionnel que le secteur de la télévision met en œuvre ses stratégies commerciales d’achats, de ventes et de diffusions à l’échelle mondiale. Mais la distribution ne se contente pas de relier les processus industriels de production des programmes et leur consommation, elle est aussi elle-même un processus qui transforme les contenus télévisés et leur sens. Nous montrons comment cette étape de la distribution, à travers sa fonction essentielle d’intermédiaire au sein du circuit, dévoile les « traces » de la production tout en « anticipant » la consommation ; l’analyse que nous proposons introduit une profondeur conceptuelle, une tridimensionnalité dans les modèles de circulation à partir d’une cartographie des discours imbriqués sur la mondialisation : nous mettons ainsi en évidence le mouvement à la fois vertical et circulaire de ce circuit. Dès lors, se contenter d’incorporer la distribution dans les modèles existants de circulation pourrait laisser penser à tort que la distribution ne contribue en rien à la télévision et à ce qu’elle signifie. L’introduction de profondeur et de verticalité dans les modèles de circulation ouvre finalement un nouveau cadre conceptuel pour de futures analyses de la structure et des dynamiques du marché mondial. Cet article est une version remaniée du chapitre 5 de l’ouvrage Global TV (NYU Press, 2008), avec une introduction inédite.Occupying the organizational space between television’s culture world of production and its audience, TV distribution serves as the institutional site where the industry implements its strategic transactions of global buying, selling, and transmission. Distribution not only connects the industrial processes of production and consumption to one another: these processes also transform TV texts and their meanings in the process. By clarifying how the site of distribution unveils the “residue” of production and the “anticipation” of consumption in addition to serving as its own unique intermediary function on the circuit, our analysis introduces a conceptual depth, or three-dimensionality, into circuit models by mapping nested discourses of globalization onto circuit models, thereby illuminating vertical as well as circular motion on the circuit. Therefore, subsuming distribution under other circuit processes mistakenly implies that distribution contributes nothing unique to television and its meanings. Ultimately, our introduction of depth/verticality into circuit models provides a new conceptual framework to guide future analyses of the structure and dynamics of the global market. This article is an edited version of Chapter 5 of Global TV (NYU Press, 2008), with a new introduction.La distribución se sitúa entre el universo cultural de la producción televisiva y su audiencia y es una etapa en la circulación de los bienes televisuales: es en este espacio institucional que el sector de la televisión desarrolla sus estrategias comerciales de compra, venta y difusión a escala mundial. Pero la distribución no se limita a vincular los procesos industriales de producción de programas y su consumo, ella misma es igualmente un proceso que transforma los contenidos televisivos y su sentido. Mostramos de qué manera esta etapa de la distribución, a través de su función esencial de intermediaria en el circuito, muestra las «trazas» de la producción «anticipando» el consumo; el análisis propuesto incorpora profundidad conceptual, una tridimensionalidad de los modelos de circulación a partir de una cartografía de los imbricados discursos sobre la globalización: de tal manera evidenciamos el movimiento, a la vez vertical y circular de este circuito. Por consiguiente, limitarse a incorporar la distribución en los modelos existentes de circulación podría hacer pensar equivocadamente que la distribución no contribuye para nada con la televisión y a lo que ella significa. La incorporación de profundidad y verticalidad en los modelos de circulación abre un nuevo cuadro conceptual para los futuros análisis de la estructura y dinámicas del mercado mundial. Este artículo es una versión modificada del capitulo 5 del libro Global TV (NYU Press, 2008) con una introducción inédita

Creating an Online Interprofessional Collaborative Team Simulation to Overcome Common Barriers of Interprofessional Education

Introduction: Coordinating student schedules, physical space, and faculty time are commonly reported barriers to successful interprofessional education. Use of online technologies to overcome these barriers and support online team simulation is a topic that deserves serious academic review. Methods: The Interprofessional Plan of Care - Simulated E-hEalth Delivery System (IPOC-SEEDS) is a student-directed online simulation where students experience a collaborative plan of care meeting with simultaneous team electronic health record utilization. The authors describe the IPOC-SEEDS simulation to serve as a model for replication or modification. IPOC-SEEDS objectives address Interprofessional Education Collaborative competencies (IPEC), electronic health record (EHR) navigation, simulation effectiveness, and technology utilization. Results: Overall, IPOC-SEEDS objectives were effectively met through simulation evaluations, student-led debriefing evaluations, in-person student feedback, and faculty feedback results supporting the online simulation and technology evolutions. The objectives, based on IPEC and informatics competencies, were achieved. Students from nursing, nutrition, pharmacy, occupational therapy, and health information management participated in the simulation using EHR and online meeting software, receiving valuable interprofessional practice. Technology utilization results were adequate, but did improve in subsequent simulations after modifying the technology selected. Discussion: The simulation provided an experience where students demonstrated interprofessional collaborative skills that they can use in their future practice. Online technologies can provide a platform for the high-quality interprofessional simulation to address common interprofessional education barriers and provide access to interprofessional education for distance-learning students and providers. Online simulation developers (hospitals, health departments, universities) can use the authors’ process steps as a model for online simulation replication

The VLT LBG redshift survey – VI. Mapping H i in the proximity of z ∼ 3 LBGs with X-Shooter

We present an analysis of the spatial distribution and dynamics of neutral hydrogen gas around galaxies using new X-Shooter observations of z ∼ 2.5–4 quasars. Adding the X-Shooter data to our existing data set of high-resolution quasar spectroscopy, we use a total sample of 29 quasars alongside ∼1700 Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) in the redshift range 2 ≲ z ≲ 3.5. We measure the Lyα forest auto-correlation function, finding a clustering length of s0 = 0.081 ± 0.006 h−1 Mpc, and the cross-correlation function with LBGs, finding a cross-clustering length of s0 = 0.27 ± 0.14 h−1 Mpc and power-law slope γ = 1.1 ± 0.2. Our results highlight the weakly clustered nature of neutral hydrogren systems in the Lyα forest. Building on this, we make a first analysis of the dependence of the clustering on absorber strength, finding a clear preference for stronger Lyα forest absorption features to be more strongly clustered around the galaxy population, suggesting that they trace on average higher mass haloes. Using the projected and 2-D cross-correlation functions, we constrain the dynamics of Lyα forest clouds around z ∼ 3 galaxies. We find a significant detection of large-scale infall of neutral hydrogen, with a constraint on the Lyα forest infall parameter of βF = 1.02 ± 0.22

Ecological knowledge and value of traded species: Local awareness of native turtles in Hainan, China

Wildlife trade is driving species extinctions globally, and the Asian Turtle Crisis is posing a threat in China as turtle species are collected from the wild and sold at high prices. Local ecological knowledge is increasingly used to determine the status of threatened taxa, but there is little understanding of wider relationships between indices of ecological knowledge and other conservation-relevant factors such as market values of traded species. To assess whether local people's awareness of potentially traded turtles might indicate direct interaction with trade in these species, we conducted 185 interviews in rural villages around Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China. Interviewees were asked to free-list native turtles to determine species salience and then were shown photographs of the species to assess recognition and knowledge. We investigated relationships between species' salience, whether species were recognized, named and/or perceived to be traded by more people, and independently obtained market prices. Indices of species awareness varied among interviewees, but all species were reported to be traded by at least some people. There was no correlation between indices of awareness and market value, indicating that more valuable species were no more likely to be well known. However, the perception that turtles are traded irrespective of species is a concern for conservation because all species are then vulnerable to exploitation. Our results highlight that local communities should not be assumed to have accurate knowledge of traded species, with implications for the management of wildlife trade and conservation at the community level

An Assessment of Engineering Students' Curricular and Co‐Curricular Experiences and Their Ethical Development

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95194/1/j.2168-9830.2012.tb00058.x.pd

X-Ray Groups of Galaxies in the Aegis Deep and Wide Fields

We present the results of a search for extended X-ray sources and their corresponding galaxy groups from 800-ks Chandra coverage of the All-wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS). This yields one of the largest X-ray selected galaxy group catalogs from a blind survey to date. The red-sequence technique and spectroscopic redshifts allow us to identify 100$$ of reliable sources, leading to a catalog of 52 galaxy groups. The groups span the redshift range $z\sim0.066-1.544$ and virial mass range $M_{200}\sim1.34\times 10^{13}-1.33\times 10^{14}M_\odot$. For the 49 extended sources which lie within DEEP2 and DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Survey coverage, we identify spectroscopic counterparts and determine velocity dispersions. We select member galaxies by applying different cuts along the line of sight or in projected spatial coordinates. A constant cut along the line of sight can cause a large scatter in scaling relations in low-mass or high-mass systems depending on the size of cut. A velocity dispersion based virial radius can more overestimate velocity dispersion in comparison to X-ray based virial radius for low mass systems. There is no significant difference between these two radial cuts for more massive systems. Independent of radial cut, overestimation of velocity dispersion can be created in case of existence of significant substructure and also compactness in X-ray emission which mostly occur in low mass systems. We also present a comparison between X-ray galaxy groups and optical galaxy groups detected using the Voronoi-Delaunay method (VDM) for DEEP2 data in this field.Comment: Accepted for publication in AP

Exploring the galaxy cluster-group transition regime at high redshifts: Physical properties of two newly detected z > 1 systems

Context: Multi-wavelength surveys for clusters of galaxies are opening a window on the elusive high-redshift (z>1) cluster population. Well controlled statistical samples of distant clusters will enable us to answer questions about their cosmological context, early assembly phases and the thermodynamical evolution of the intracluster medium. Aims: We report on the detection of two z>1 systems, XMMU J0302.2-0001 and XMMU J1532.2-0836, as part of the XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project (XDCP) sample. We investigate the nature of the sources, measure their spectroscopic redshift and determine their basic physical parameters. Methods: The results of the present paper are based on the analysis of XMM-Newton archival data, optical/near-infrared imaging and deep optical follow-up spectroscopy of the clusters. Results: We confirm the X-ray source XMMU J0302.2-0001 as a gravitationally bound, bona fide cluster of galaxies at spectroscopic redshift z=1.185. We estimate its M500 mass to (1.6+/-0.3) times 10^{14} Msun from its measured X-ray luminosity. This ranks the cluster among intermediate mass system. In the case of XMMU J1532.2-0836 we find the X-ray detection to be coincident with a dynamically bound system of galaxies at z=1.358. Optical spectroscopy reveals the presence of a central active galactic nucleus, which can be a dominant source of the detected X-ray emission from this system. We provide upper limits of X-ray parameters for the system and discuss cluster identification challenges in the high-redshift low-mass cluster regime. A third, intermediate redshift (z=0.647) cluster, XMMU J0302.1-0000, is serendipitously detected in the same field as XMMU J0302.2-0001. We provide its analysis as well.Comment: Accepted to A&A, 13/04/2011. 15 pages, 18 figures, 5 tables, 2 appendice