1,224 research outputs found
Photoelectron holography of atomic targets
We study the spatial interference effects appearing during the ionization of atoms (H, He, Ne, and Ar) by few-cycle laser pulses using single-electron ab initio calculations. The spatial interference is the result of the coherent superposition of the electronic wave packets created during one half cycle of the driving field following different spatial paths. This spatial interference pattern may be interpreted as the hologram of the target atom. With the help of a wave-function analysis (splitting) technique and approximate (strong-field and Coulomb-Volkov) calculations, we directly show that the hologram is the result of the electronic-wave-packet scattering on the parent ion. On the He target we demonstrate the usefulness of the wave-function splitting technique in the disentanglement of different interference patterns. Further, by performing calculations for the different targets, we show that the pattern of the hologram does not depend on the angular symmetry of the initial state and it is strongly influenced by the atomic species of the target: A deeper bounding potential leads to a denser pattern.Fil: Borbély, S.. Babes Bolyai University; RumaniaFil: Tóth, A.. ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd; HungríaFil: Arbo, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Tokési, K.. ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd; Hungría. Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Institute for Nuclear Research; HungríaFil: Nagy, L.. Babes-bolyai University; Rumani
Tomographische Analyse der Schädigungsentwicklung bei der Ermüdung eines partikelverstärkten Al-Matrix-verbundwerkstoffes
Communications Biophysics
Contains reports on four research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 P01 GM-14940-02)Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 TO1 GM-01555-02
Correlation Between the Deuteron Characteristics and the Low-energy Triplet np Scattering Parameters
The correlation relationship between the deuteron asymptotic normalization
constant, , and the triplet np scattering length, , is
investigated. It is found that 99.7% of the asymptotic constant is
determined by the scattering length . It is shown that the linear
correlation relationship between the quantities and
provides a good test of correctness of various models of nucleon-nucleon
interaction. It is revealed that, for the normalization constant and
for the root-mean-square deuteron radius , the results obtained with the
experimental value recommended at present for the triplet scattering length
are exaggerated with respect to their experimental counterparts. By
using the latest experimental phase shifts of Arndt et al., we obtain, for the
low-energy scattering parameters (, , ) and for the
deuteron characteristics (, ), results that comply well with
experimental data.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figure, To be published in Physics of Atomic Nucle
Deuteron form factors in chiral effective theory: regulator-independent results and the role of two-pion exchange
We evaluate the deuteron charge, quadrupole, and magnetic form factors using
wave functions obtained from chiral effective theory (ET) when the
potential includes one-pion exchange, chiral two-pion exchange, and genuine
contact interactions. We study the manner in which the results for form factors
behave as the regulator is removed from the ET calculation, and compare
co-ordinate- and momentum-space approaches. We show that, for both the LO and
NNLO chiral potential, results obtained by imposing boundary conditions in
co-ordinate space at are equivalent to the limit of
momentum-space calculations. The regulator-independent predictions for deuteron
form factors that result from taking the limit using the
LO ET potential are in reasonable agreement with data up to momentum
transfers of order 600 MeV, provided that phenomenological information for
nucleon structure is employed. In this range the use of the NNLO ET
potential results in only small changes to the LO predictions, and it improves
the description of the zero of the charge form factor
Proton capture cross section of Sr isotopes and their importance for nucleosynthesis of proton-rich nuclides
The (p,) cross sections of three stable Sr isotopes have been
measured in the astrophysically relevant energy range. These reactions are
important for the -process in stellar nucleosynthesis and, in addition, the
reaction cross sections in the mass region up to 100 are also of importance
concerning the -process associated with explosive hydrogen and helium
burning. It is speculated that this -process could be responsible for a
certain amount of -nuclei in this mass region. The (p,) cross
sections of Sr isotopes were determined using an activation
technique. The measurements were carried out at the 5 MV Van de Graaff
accelerator of the ATOMKI, Debrecen. The resulting cross sections are compared
with the predictions of statistical model calculations. The predictions are in
good agreement with the experimental results for Sr(p,)Y
whereas the other two reactions exhibit differences that increase with mass
number. The corresponding astrophysical reaction rates have also been computed.Comment: Phys. Rev. C in pres
TMS-Induced Cortical Potentiation during Wakefulness Locally Increases Slow Wave Activity during Sleep
BACKGROUND: Sleep slow wave activity (SWA) is thought to reflect sleep need, increasing in proportion to the length of prior wakefulness and decreasing during sleep. However, the process responsible for SWA regulation is not known. We showed recently that SWA increases locally after a learning task involving a circumscribed brain region, suggesting that SWA may reflect plastic changes triggered by learning. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To test this hypothesis directly, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in conjunction with high-density EEG in humans. We show that 5-Hz TMS applied to motor cortex induces a localized potentiation of TMS-evoked cortical EEG responses. We then show that, in the sleep episode following 5-Hz TMS, SWA increases markedly (+39.1±17.4%, p<0.01, n = 10). Electrode coregistration with magnetic resonance images localized the increase in SWA to the same premotor site as the maximum TMS-induced potentiation during wakefulness. Moreover, the magnitude of potentiation during wakefulness predicts the local increase in SWA during sleep. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results provide direct evidence for a link between plastic changes and the local regulation of sleep need
Quantitative description of temperature induced self-aggregation thermograms determined by differential scanning calorimetry
A novel thermodynamic approach for the description of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments on self-aggregating systems is derived and presented. The method is based on a mass action model where temperature dependence of aggregation numbers is considered. The validity of the model was confirmed by describing the aggregation behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers, which are well-known to exhibit a strong temperature dependence. The quantitative description of the thermograms could be performed without any discrepancy between calorimetric and van 't Hoff enthalpies, and moreover, the aggregation numbers obtained from the best fit of the DSC experiments are in good agreement with those obtained by light scattering experiments corroborating the assumptions done in the derivation of the new model
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