56 research outputs found
Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field
Insights into APC/C: from cellular function to diseases and therapeutics
Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a multifunctional ubiquitin-protein ligase that targets different substrates for ubiquitylation and therefore regulates a variety of cellular processes such as cell division, differentiation, genome stability, energy metabolism, cell death, autophagy as well as carcinogenesis. Activity of APC/C is principally governed by two WD-40 domain proteins, Cdc20 and Cdh1, in and beyond cell cycle. In the past decade, the results based on numerous biochemical, 3D structural, mouse genetic and small molecule inhibitor studies have largely attracted our attention into the emerging role of APC/C and its regulation in biological function, human diseases and potential therapeutics. This review will aim to summarize some recently reported insights into APC/C in regulating cellular function, connection of its dysfunction with human diseases and its implication of therapeutics
Identification of a PGXPP degron motif in dishevelled and structural basis for its binding to the E3 ligase KLHL12
Wnt signaling is dependent on dishevelled proteins (DVL1-3), which assemble an
intracellular Wnt signalosome at the plasma membrane. The levels of DVL1-3 are regulated by
multiple Cullin-RING E3 ligases that mediate their ubiquitination and degradation. The BTBKelch protein KLHL12 was the first E3 ubiquitin ligase to be identified for DVL1-3, but the
molecular mechanisms determining its substrate interactions have remained unknown. Here, we
mapped the interaction of DVL1-3 to a ‘PGXPP’ motif that is conserved in other known partners
and substrates of KLHL12, including PLEKHA4, PEF1, SEC31 and DRD4. To determine the
binding mechanism, we solved a 2.4 Å crystal structure of the Kelch domain of KLHL12 in
complex with a DVL1 peptide that bound with low micromolar affinity. The DVL1 substrate
adopted a U-shaped turn conformation that enabled hydrophobic interactions with all six blades
of the Kelch domain β-propeller. In cells, the mutation or deletion of this motif reduced the
binding and ubiquitination of DVL1 and increased its stability confirming this sequence as a
degron motif for KLHL12 recruitment. These results define the molecular mechanisms
determining DVL regulation by KLHL12 and establish the KLHL12 Kelch domain as a new
protein interaction module for a novel proline-rich motif
Influenza vaccine programs for children in low- and middle-income countries: current status and way forward
The Fcp1-Wee1-Cdk1 axis affects spindle assembly checkpoint robustness and sensitivity to antimicrotubule cancer drugs
FBXL2- and PTPL1-mediated degradation of p110-free p85β regulatory subunit controls the PI(3)K signalling cascade
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