34 research outputs found
Optical studies for the super separator spectrometer S3
International audienceS3 (Super Separator Spectrometer) [1] is a future device designed for experiments with the high intensity heavy ion stable beams of SPIRAL2 [2] at GANIL (Caen, France). It will include a target resistant to these very high intensities, a first stage momentum achromat for primary beam extraction and suppression, a second stage mass spectrometer and a dedicated detection system. This spectrometer includes large aperture quadrupole triplets with embedded multipolar corrections. To enable the primary beam extraction one triplet has to be opened on one side, which requires an appropriate design of such a multipolar magnet. The final mass separation power required for S3 needs a careful design of the optics with a high level of aberration correction. Multiple symmetric lattices were studied for this purpose. A 4-fold symmetric lattice and the achieved results are described in this paper
Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive ions at FAIR
The nucleosynthesis of elements beyond iron is dominated by neutron captures in the s and r processes. However, 32 stable, proton-rich isotopes cannot be formed during those processes, because they are shielded from the s-process flow and r-process, ÎČ-decay chains. These nuclei are attributed to the p and rp process. For all those processes, current research in nuclear astrophysics addresses the need for more precise reaction data involving radioactive isotopes. Depending on the particular reaction, direct or inverse kinematics, forward or time-reversed direction are investigated to determine or at least to constrain the desired reaction cross sections. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will offer unique, unprecedented opportunities to investigate many of the important reactions. The high yield of radioactive isotopes, even far away from the valley of stability, allows the investigation of isotopes involved in processes as exotic as the r or rp processes
The Use of Play and Things within Forced Entertainment Theatreâs Shows, Bloody Mess and The World in Pictures
Forced Entertainment Theatre Company presents a theatre that defies all attempts at categorization and that can be defined by fragmentary narration, deconstruction of character, as well as voluntary misusage of traditional scenic tools. Entertaining chaos and playful performance function as landmarks for an essentially visual and physical theatre where the situation prevails upon the text. And indeed, things pile up very quickly on stage. Accumulation and saturation are images that are derived from the discovery and acquisition of the things gradually amassed during rehearsals. Here, the proliferation is an indication of theatricality pushed to its utmost limits; things are the indicators of failure or at least of the undermining of traditional drama where pure play prevails over the making of a narrative. But, once it has been manipulated, a thing becomes an objectâconceived in relation to the subject/performer perceiving itâit becomes the focus of actions and relations. In this context of playful creation, objects, first submitted to strange manipulation, are also opportunities for new events and conflicts. Objects facilitate play: they create a new domain and develop relationships as well as disorder. However, with Forced Entertainment, a thing never stays an object for long: quickly abandoned, it reverts back to a thing, becoming once again a possibility, signifying not only what it once was at a certain moment, but also what it could have been and still might become. Thus, when becoming a thing again, an object is in fact no longer quite the same thing; from this moment on, it has a past. Forced Entertainmentâs playful and daring theatre deals with this issue: the successive transformation of things into objects and back into different things
Landscape, Economy, and Cultural Dynamics on the Tyrrhenian Coast between Latium and Campania during the Archaic and Roman Republican Eras (6th - 3rd century BC)
Le littoral tyrrhĂ©nien du Latium mĂ©ridional et de la Campanie septentrionale a Ă©tĂ© pendant longtemps le grand oubliĂ© des travaux portant sur les Ă©changes en Italie archaĂŻque et rĂ©publicaine. De nouvelles Ă©tudes archĂ©ologiques et gĂ©omorphologiques permettent dĂ©sormais une mise Ă jour de ces problĂ©matiques cruciales pour la comprĂ©hension des dynamiques dâoccupation dâune rĂ©gion situĂ©e au centre de nombreux axes de communication de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e occidentale.CaractĂ©risĂ© par une sĂ©rie dâĂ©tablissements cĂŽtiers de taille modeste, ce littoral atteste nĂ©anmoins lâexistence de rĂ©seaux actifs dâĂ©changes avec Rome ainsi quâavec les Ătrusques, les Grecs et les Carthaginois au moins dĂšs le VIe s. av. J.-C. Lâabsence de ports amĂ©nagĂ©s ne doit pas nous induire en erreur : composĂ©e Ă lâĂ©poque de nombreuses lagunes et cours dâeau, la cĂŽte Ă©tait riche en lieux dâaccostage et dâamarrage naturels. Ces points dâaccĂšs maritimes Ă©taient complĂ©tĂ©s par un maillage dense de voies fluviales et terrestres permettant dâassurer la liaison avec lâarriĂšre-pays. Les Ă©changes qui se mettaient en place pouvaient ainsi profiter des ressources variĂ©es de la rĂ©gion : les cĂ©rĂ©ales, le sel, les produits de la pĂȘche, les produits de lâĂ©levage, le bois ou encore le vin. Ces avantages donnent un rĂŽle stratĂ©gique Ă ce littoral, ce qui explique aussi lâintĂ©rĂȘt prĂ©coce que lui porte Rome. Câest, en effet, lâun des premiers territoires quâelle conquiert dĂšs le IVe s. av. J.-C.Lâexamen des composants de ces rĂ©seaux met Ă©galement en Ă©vidence le rĂŽle essentiel jouĂ© par les lieux de culte. LocalisĂ©s Ă des endroits stratĂ©giques â le long des axes reliant les centres urbains, sur les routes de transhumance ou dominant un espace portuaire â ces sanctuaires servaient de lieu dâasile, de rencontre et de foires. Ils facilitaient ainsi les Ă©changes grĂące Ă la protection divine tout en servant de point de contrĂŽle dâaccĂšs. De mĂȘme, les sanctuaires cĂŽtiers fournissaient des services nĂ©cessaires aux marins en permettant le rĂ©approvisionnement et lâaccomplissement des rites nĂ©cessaires au bon dĂ©roulement du voyage.The Tyrrhenian coast of Southern Latium and Northern Campania has for long been absent from studies dealing with exchange networks in Archaic and Republican Italy. Recent archaeological and geomorphological research now allows us to reconsider this important subject, which is crucial to understanding the settlement dynamics in a region that is in the centre of the Western Mediterranean communication networks.Although this coast is characterised by relatively modest harbour settlements, it participates actively in exchanges with Rome as well as with the Etruscans, the Greek and the Carthaginians from as early as the 6th century BC. The absence of constructed port structures is not to be taken as proof of lack of maritime activity: the lagoons and rivers of the Ancient shoreline offered a variety of natural docking and mooring sites. Furthermore, a dense network of waterways and roads, connecting the coastal sites to their hinterland, completed these maritime access points. The exchange activity that took place in these centres therefore benefited from the resources of the whole region: grain, salt, fish and animal products, wood, and, later on, wine. The strategic role guaranteed by these advantages also partly explains the early interest Rome took in this area, making it one of the first territories to be conquered in the 4th century BC.As we analyse the different components of these exchange networks, we quickly identify that cult places play an essential part in their activity. These sanctuaries were situated in strategic locations: on roads connecting urban centres, on transhumance routes between mountains and coastal plains, or on a spot dominating the harbour area. This enabled them to offer asylum and a place to meet and hold fairs at, thus guaranteeing divine protection for all exchanges taking place but also allowing them to control important access points to the territory. In addition, the coastal sanctuaries provided essential services to sailors who needed to restock their supplies and accomplish necessary rites in order to ensure safe travel
Everyday Corporeality : Bodies on Stage in Contemporary French and English Performance 1991-2011
Un pan reprĂ©sentatif de la scĂšne performative contemporain, en France, comme en Angleterre, se distingue par un intĂ©rĂȘt commun pour la question du corps quotidien. Faisant fi des principes de reprĂ©sentation, de logique narrative ou de personnage, les praticiens dâaujourdâhui investissent des corporĂ©itĂ©s ordinaires et faillibles produisant des Ă©tat de prĂ©sence diffractĂ©s ainsi quâun rĂ©gime de spectateur fondĂ© sur la reconnaissance dâune commune incompĂ©tence. Au moyen de temporalitĂ©s scĂ©niques suspendues, dâun ralentissement du mouvement et dâune inflexion des logiques de reprĂ©sentation et de perception, ils modĂ©lisent des outils de rĂ©sistance Ă lâencontre des dynamiques accĂ©lĂ©rĂ©es dâune production intensifiĂ©e imposĂ©es par les institutions et lâĂ©conomie culturelles. Renonçant Ă la sĂ©duction du spectaculaire et au fĂ©tiche de la technique, ils dĂ©cident de produire moins. Inventant de nouvelles modalitĂ©s dâun travail solidaire (collaborations Ă©phĂ©mĂšres, rencontres nouĂ©es selon une logique de projet, micro-communautĂ©s), ils dessinent, sur le plateau, un espace dâentente qui puisse reposer sur une Ă©galitĂ© de condition entre performers et spectateurs. Loin de sâinscrire dans un geste de rupture ou de souscrire Ă un quelconque idĂ©al utopiste, les artistes de la scĂšne performative contemporaine actualisent une praxis critique de la scĂšne qui tĂąche de crĂ©er, dans le temps de lâĂ©vĂ©nement thĂ©Ăątral, une nouvelle façon dâĂȘtre ensemble.The contemporary performance scene, in both France and England, can be distinguished by a common interest in the âeveryday body.â Discarding principles of representation, narrative logic, and characterisation, many of todayâs practitioners choose instead to reflect a deliberately fallible and ordinary sense of their own corporality. This results in a notion of presence in which the presented body can somehow disappear and where a certain complicity with the audience is founded on a sense of common incompetence. The use of real time (as opposed to theatrical time) the restriction of movement, and a questioning and dismantling of the traditional ideas of theatrical presentation and reception, all form ways of resisting the accelerated and intensified production cycle imposed by the cultural economy in which the work is produced. Refusing to be seduced by notions of grand spectacle or perfect technique, these performers produce less within their performance and therefore embrace an âanti-productiveâ creative pattern. At the same time, inventing new ways of working together (ephemeral collaborations, meetings happening upon a project-based logic, micro-communities), they create, in the theatre, a democratic space based on an equality of status between performers and spectators. Without seeking revolution or utopia, they enable a critical investigation of the theatrical space that can, for the duration of an event, create new ways for all those present to experience being together within that space
Ăchanger sous contrĂŽle divin : le cas du littoral du Latium mĂ©ridional entre le VIe et le IIIe siĂšcles av. J.-C.
International audienceThe coast of southern Lazio is a border area shared by several peoples of pre-Roman Italy. They are integrated into a maritime and fluvial communication network of which the sanctuaries, meeting and exchange places, form one of the central elements.Le littoral du latium mĂ©ridional est une zone frontaliĂšre partagĂ©e entre plusieurs peuples de lâItalie prĂ©romaine. Ils sont intĂ©grĂ©s dans un rĂ©seau de communication maritime et fluviale dont les sanctuaires, vĂ©ritables lieux de rencontre et dâĂ©changes, forment lâun des Ă©lĂ©ments centraux
The Use of Play and Things within Forced Entertainment Theatreâs Shows, Bloody Mess and The World in Pictures
Forced Entertainment Theatre Company presents a theatre that defies all attempts at categorization and that can be defined by fragmentary narration, deconstruction of character, as well as voluntary misusage of traditional scenic tools. Entertaining chaos and playful performance function as landmarks for an essentially visual and physical theatre where the situation prevails upon the text. And indeed, things pile up very quickly on stage. Accumulation and saturation are images that are derived from the discovery and acquisition of the things gradually amassed during rehearsals. Here, the proliferation is an indication of theatricality pushed to its utmost limits; things are the indicators of failure or at least of the undermining of traditional drama where pure play prevails over the making of a narrative. But, once it has been manipulated, a thing becomes an objectâconceived in relation to the subject/performer perceiving itâit becomes the focus of actions and relations. In this context of playful creation, objects, first submitted to strange manipulation, are also opportunities for new events and conflicts. Objects facilitate play: they create a new domain and develop relationships as well as disorder. However, with Forced Entertainment, a thing never stays an object for long: quickly abandoned, it reverts back to a thing, becoming once again a possibility, signifying not only what it once was at a certain moment, but also what it could have been and still might become. Thus, when becoming a thing again, an object is in fact no longer quite the same thing; from this moment on, it has a past. Forced Entertainmentâs playful and daring theatre deals with this issue: the successive transformation of things into objects and back into different things.Le thĂ©Ăątre de âForced Entertainmentâ se caractĂ©rise par un sens de la transgression vis-Ă -vis des cadres dramaturgiques du thĂ©Ăątre de texte. Fragmentation de la narration, dĂ©construction du personnage, mĂ©susage des outils traditionnels du thĂ©Ăątre: le dĂ©sordre et le jeu valent comme mots dâordre dâun thĂ©Ăątre dĂ©sormais essentiellement visuel et physique oĂč la situation prĂ©vaut sur le texte. Sur le plateau sâaccumulent toutes sortes de choses: journaux entassĂ©s, bouteilles de biĂšre Ă moitiĂ© vide, perruques Ă©parses, chaises amoncelĂ©es. Or, force est de constater que cette prĂ©sence tapageuse tĂ©moigne du statut particulier rĂ©servĂ© aux choses: accumulation et saturation, telles sont les figures qui dĂ©rivent de lâacquisition et de la thĂ©saurisation de choses amassĂ©es au cours des rĂ©pĂ©titions. La prolifĂ©ration est ici lâindice dâune thĂ©ĂątralitĂ© poussĂ©e dans ses ultimes retranchements; la chose est parfois lâindice dâun dysfonctionnement de la reprĂ©sentation oĂč le jeu pur lâemporte sur la construction dâun sens univoque. Dans ce contexte de crĂ©ation ludique, les choses se parent alors dâune nouvelle dimension: la chose devient jouet, objet dâune manipulation sensuelle et curieuse, prĂ©texte Ă de nouveaux Ă©vĂšnements, Ă de nouveaux conflits. Un temps indĂ©finie, elle sâactualise le temps dâun jeu. Or, une fois le jeu achevĂ©, lâobjet abandonnĂ© rĂ©intĂšgre son statut de chose indĂ©terminĂ©e, cependant porteuse de la trace de son passage sur scĂšne. Sa prĂ©sence arbitraire, sa signification polysĂ©mique sont alors le signe, chez âForced Entertainmentâ, dâun thĂ©Ăątre qui ose inventer des rĂšgles pour immĂ©diatement sây soustraire
Paysage, économie et dynamiques culturelles sur la cÎte tyrrhénienne entre le Latium et la Campanie aux époques archaïque et romaine républicaine (VIe-IIIe siÚcles av. J.-C.)
The Tyrrhenian coast of Southern Latium and Northern Campania has for long been absent from studies dealing with exchange networks in Archaic and Republican Italy. Recent archaeological and geomorphological research now allows us to reconsider this important subject, which is crucial to understanding the settlement dynamics in a region that is in the centre of the Western Mediterranean communication networks.Although this coast is characterised by relatively modest harbour settlements, it participates actively in exchanges with Rome as well as with the Etruscans, the Greek and the Carthaginians from as early as the 6th century BC. The absence of constructed port structures is not to be taken as proof of lack of maritime activity: the lagoons and rivers of the Ancient shoreline offered a variety of natural docking and mooring sites. Furthermore, a dense network of waterways and roads, connecting the coastal sites to their hinterland, completed these maritime access points. The exchange activity that took place in these centres therefore benefited from the resources of the whole region: grain, salt, fish and animal products, wood, and, later on, wine. The strategic role guaranteed by these advantages also partly explains the early interest Rome took in this area, making it one of the first territories to be conquered in the 4th century BC.As we analyse the different components of these exchange networks, we quickly identify that cult places play an essential part in their activity. These sanctuaries were situated in strategic locations: on roads connecting urban centres, on transhumance routes between mountains and coastal plains, or on a spot dominating the harbour area. This enabled them to offer asylum and a place to meet and hold fairs at, thus guaranteeing divine protection for all exchanges taking place but also allowing them to control important access points to the territory. In addition, the coastal sanctuaries provided essential services to sailors who needed to restock their supplies and accomplish necessary rites in order to ensure safe travel.Le littoral tyrrhĂ©nien du Latium mĂ©ridional et de la Campanie septentrionale a Ă©tĂ© pendant longtemps le grand oubliĂ© des travaux portant sur les Ă©changes en Italie archaĂŻque et rĂ©publicaine. De nouvelles Ă©tudes archĂ©ologiques et gĂ©omorphologiques permettent dĂ©sormais une mise Ă jour de ces problĂ©matiques cruciales pour la comprĂ©hension des dynamiques dâoccupation dâune rĂ©gion situĂ©e au centre de nombreux axes de communication de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e occidentale.CaractĂ©risĂ© par une sĂ©rie dâĂ©tablissements cĂŽtiers de taille modeste, ce littoral atteste nĂ©anmoins lâexistence de rĂ©seaux actifs dâĂ©changes avec Rome ainsi quâavec les Ătrusques, les Grecs et les Carthaginois au moins dĂšs le VIe s. av. J.-C. Lâabsence de ports amĂ©nagĂ©s ne doit pas nous induire en erreur : composĂ©e Ă lâĂ©poque de nombreuses lagunes et cours dâeau, la cĂŽte Ă©tait riche en lieux dâaccostage et dâamarrage naturels. Ces points dâaccĂšs maritimes Ă©taient complĂ©tĂ©s par un maillage dense de voies fluviales et terrestres permettant dâassurer la liaison avec lâarriĂšre-pays. Les Ă©changes qui se mettaient en place pouvaient ainsi profiter des ressources variĂ©es de la rĂ©gion : les cĂ©rĂ©ales, le sel, les produits de la pĂȘche, les produits de lâĂ©levage, le bois ou encore le vin. Ces avantages donnent un rĂŽle stratĂ©gique Ă ce littoral, ce qui explique aussi lâintĂ©rĂȘt prĂ©coce que lui porte Rome. Câest, en effet, lâun des premiers territoires quâelle conquiert dĂšs le IVe s. av. J.-C.Lâexamen des composants de ces rĂ©seaux met Ă©galement en Ă©vidence le rĂŽle essentiel jouĂ© par les lieux de culte. LocalisĂ©s Ă des endroits stratĂ©giques â le long des axes reliant les centres urbains, sur les routes de transhumance ou dominant un espace portuaire â ces sanctuaires servaient de lieu dâasile, de rencontre et de foires. Ils facilitaient ainsi les Ă©changes grĂące Ă la protection divine tout en servant de point de contrĂŽle dâaccĂšs. De mĂȘme, les sanctuaires cĂŽtiers fournissaient des services nĂ©cessaires aux marins en permettant le rĂ©approvisionnement et lâaccomplissement des rites nĂ©cessaires au bon dĂ©roulement du voyage
Le littoral du Latium mĂ©ridional et de la Campanie septentrionale entre le ixe et le iiie s. av. J.âC.: Un paysage propice aux contacts et aux Ă©changes
Cet article est le rĂ©sultat dâune communication proposĂ©e lors de la PremiĂšre rencontre desdoctorants et jeunes docteurs sur lâItalie prĂ©romaine « Du Bronze rĂ©cent Ă la romanisation (XIVeâIVe av. n.Ăš.) », qui sâest tenue les 1er et 2 juin 2017 Ă Paris.International audienceThis article presents an overview of the contact and exchange networks in the southern Latium and northern Campania between the 9th and the 3rd centuries BC. Since the end of the 20th century, several studies conducted in these coastal areas have revealed the vitality of cultural and commercial exchange in this region frequented by several Mediterranean peoples. The Tyrrhenian streams and winds combined with coastal lagoons generate many possibilities for mooring and shelter during cabotage along the coast. These stops allow the crew of the ship to benefit from local goods such as salt and wine. At the same time, a dense communication network of rivers and roads of various sizes enables the integration of hinterland resources, like wood and pitch, to this economy. This complex system of exchange seems to attribute a particular role to sanctuaries: they are used to mark the territory but serve also as meeting places and asylums where merchants can profit from divine protection for their activities and their journey.Nous traitons ici des contacts et des rĂ©seaux dâĂ©changes dans le Latium mĂ©ridional et la Campanie septentrionale entre le ixe et le iiie s. av. J.âC. Depuis le dernier quart du xxe s., plusieurs Ă©tudes menĂ©es dans ces espaces littoraux ont permis de mettre en lumiĂšre le dynamisme des Ă©changes culturels et commerciaux dans cette rĂ©gion de rencontre de divers peuples mĂ©diterranĂ©ens. Ainsi lâassociation du rĂ©gime des courants et des vents de la mer tyrrhĂ©nienne avec les particularitĂ©s dâun littoral marĂ©cageux permet lâinstallation de nombreux mouillages et abris nĂ©cessaires pour le cabotage le long de la cĂŽte. Les navires qui sây arrĂȘtent peuvent alors profiter de produits locaux tels que le sel ou le vin. Un rĂ©seau dense de communication mariant voies fluviales, routes et chemins terrestres permet Ă©galement dâintĂ©grer dans cette Ă©conomie les ressources de lâarriĂšre-pays, comme le bois et la poix. Les sanctuaires semblent jouer un rĂŽle particulier dans ce systĂšme complexe dâĂ©changes : tout dâabord en tant que marqueurs du territoire mais aussi comme lieux de rencontre et dâasile oĂč les commerçants peuvent profiter dâune protection divine pour leurs activitĂ©s et leur voyage