277 research outputs found
Some geometrical methods for constructing contradiction measures on Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets
Trillas et al. (1999, Soft computing, 3 (4), 197–199) and Trillas and Cubillo (1999, On non-contradictory input/output couples in Zadeh's CRI proceeding, 28–32) introduced the study of contradiction in the framework of fuzzy logic because of the significance of avoiding contradictory outputs in inference processes. Later, the study of contradiction in the framework of Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets (A-IFSs) was initiated by Cubillo and Castiñeira (2004, Contradiction in intuitionistic fuzzy sets proceeding, 2180–2186). The axiomatic definition of contradiction measure was stated in Castiñeira and Cubillo (2009, International journal of intelligent systems, 24, 863–888). Likewise, the concept of continuity of these measures was formalized through several axioms. To be precise, they defined continuity when the sets ‘are increasing’, denominated continuity from below, and continuity when the sets ‘are decreasing’, or continuity from above. The aim of this paper is to provide some geometrical construction methods for obtaining contradiction measures in the framework of A-IFSs and to study what continuity properties these measures satisfy. Furthermore, we show the geometrical interpretations motivating the measures
Fractura-luxación posterior de hombro tratada mediante la técnica de McLaughlin
Se presenta un caso de luxación posterior de hombro, con fractura por impactación
de la cabeza humeral, ocasionada por crisis convulsivas. Estas lesiones no son fáciles de reconocer
en los primeros momentos, y en nuestro caso se precisó de un estudio radiográfico en distintas
proyecciones y una TAC. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico mediante la técnica original de
McLaughlin. A los 7 meses de la intervención el paciente ha recuperado casi totalmente la movilidad
en dicho hombro y está libre de dolor.A case of posterior dislocation of the shoulder with locked fracture of the humeral
head after a convulsive seizure is reported. At first stages, this type is very difficult to recognize.
In our case, a radiographic study in different views and a CT-scan were needed. Surgical
treatment were carried out according to McLauglin's original technique. Seven months after surgery
the patient had regained almost complete range of shoulder motion and was pain-free
Bases psicobiológicas de la adicción a cocaína
El principal mecanismo de acción de la cocaína es la inhibición de la recaptación de dopamina y noradrenalina, produciendo un aumento de estos neurotransmisores en la sinapsis. El consumo agudo de cocaína produce una serie de cambios bastante conocidos en el sistema cerebral de recompensa. Sin embargo, el consumo crónico, produce, además, otra serie de cambios a nivel molecular que llevan al sujeto desde una situación de consumo puntual, a una situación de dependencia. Se han propuesto diferentes teorías explicativas de este fenómeno como la sensibilización del incentivo, o la homeostasis y alostasis neuroquímica, planteamientos basados en el condicionamiento clásico y operante. Por otra parte, se ha señalado la intervención de diferentes moléculas y vías de segundos mensajeros, que producen, en última instancia, una serie de cambios neuronales mantenidos a muy largo plazo, probablemente permanentes, que se podrían relacionar con la vulnerabilidad a las recaídas, propia de la adicción a cocaína, incluso años después de abandonar el consumo
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Disorder-specific functional abnormalities during sustained attention in youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and with Autism
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are often comorbid and share behavioural-cognitive abnormalities in sustained attention. A key question is whether this shared cognitive phenotype is based on common or different underlying pathophysiologies. To elucidate this question, we compared 20 boys with ADHD to 20 age and IQ matched ASD and 20 healthy boys using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a parametrically modulated vigilance task with a progressively increasing load of sustained attention. ADHD and ASD boys had significantly reduced activation relative to controls in bilateral striato–thalamic regions, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and superior parietal cortex. Both groups also displayed significantly increased precuneus activation relative to controls. Precuneus was negatively correlated with the DLPFC activation, and progressively more deactivated with increasing attention load in controls, but not patients, suggesting problems with deactivation of a task-related default mode network in both disorders. However, left DLPFC underactivation was significantly more pronounced in ADHD relative to ASD boys, which furthermore was associated with sustained performance measures that were only impaired in ADHD patients. ASD boys, on the other hand, had disorder-specific enhanced cerebellar activation relative to both ADHD and control boys, presumably reflecting compensation. The findings show that ADHD and ASD boys have both shared and disorder-specific abnormalities in brain function during sustained attention. Shared deficits were in fronto–striato–parietal activation and default mode suppression. Differences were a more severe DLPFC dysfunction in ADHD and a disorder-specific fronto–striato–cerebellar dysregulation in ASD
Future socio-political scenarios for aquatic resources in Europe: An operationalized framework for aquaculture projections
Climate-driven changes in aquatic environments have already started to affect the European aquaculture sector’s most commercially important finfish and shellfish species. In addition to changes in water quality and temperature that can directly influence fish production by altering health status, growth performance and/or feed conversion, the aquaculture sector also faces an uncertain future in terms of production costs and returns. For example, the availability of key ingredients for fish feeds (proteins, omega-3 fatty acids) will not only depend on future changes in climate, but also on social and political factors, thereby influencing feed costs. The future cost of energy, another main expenditure for fish farms, will also depend on various factors. Finally, marketing options and subsidies will have major impacts on future aquaculture profitability. Based on the framework of four socio-political scenarios developed in the EU H2020 project climate change and European aquatic resources (CERES), we defined how these key factors for the aquaculture sector could change in the future. We then apply these scenarios to make projections of how climate change and societal and economic trends influence the mid-century (2050) profitability of European aquaculture. We used an established benchmarking approach to contrast present-day and future economic performance of “typical farms” in selected European production regions under each of the scenarios termed “World Markets,” “National Enterprise,” “Global Sustainability” and “Local Stewardship.” These scenarios were based partly on the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios framework and their representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and the widely used shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs). Together, these scenarios contrast local versus international emphasis on decision making, more versus less severe environmental change, and different consequences for producers due to future commodity prices, cash returns, and costs. The mid-century profitability of the typical farms was most sensitive to the future development of feed costs, price trends of returns, and marketing options as opposed to the direct effect of climate-driven changes in the environment. These results can inform adaptation planning by the European aquaculture sector. Moreover, applying consistent scenarios including societal and economic dimensions, facilitates regional to global comparisons of adaptation advice both within and across Blue Growth sectors
Multi-argument fuzzy measures on lattices of fuzzy sets
In this paper, we axiomatically introduce fuzzy multi-measures on bounded lattices. In particular, we
make a distinction between four different types of fuzzy set multi-measures on a universe X, considering
both the usual or inverse real number ordering of this lattice and increasing or decreasing monotonicity
with respect to the number of arguments. We provide results from which we can derive families of measures
that hold for the applicable conditions in each case
El tipo de plataforma de contacto influye en el registro de la altura de salto vertical estimada a partir del tiempo de vuelo
P. 1-24Registrar el tiempo de vuelo (Tv) en una plataforma de contacto es una metodología muy utilizada para estimar la altura del salto vertical. Los objetivos del trabajo son: a-analizar si el tipo de plataforma de contacto influye en el Tv, y b-comprobar la validez y fiabilidad de una nueva plataforma de contacto de tipo optoeléctrico. 89 estudiantes realizaron 3 saltos verticales máximos registrados simultáneamente en una Plataforma de Fuerzas (PF) y dos plataformas de contacto: ErgoJump Plus (EJ) y SportJump System Pro (SJ), en los sentidos longitudinal y transversal respecto a PF. EJ subestimó el Tv en 50.8 ms, mientras que SJ lo subestimó en 10.6 ms. La altura del salto no influyó en estas diferencias, aunque fueron mayores para EJ cuando se saltó en sentido transversal. La relación PF-EJ (r=0.6597) fue menos alta que PF-SJ (r=0.9992). El coeficiente de variación fue mayor en EJ (6.61±4.81%*) que en SJ (1.21±0.81%) y PF (1.19±0.78%). El tipo de plataforma de contacto (optoeléctrica vs. mecánica) influye sustancialmente en el Tv y la altura del salto vertical, por lo que estos dispositivos deberían ser validados antes de ser utilizados en estudios científicos. El nuevo sistema SJ que incorpora tecnología láser, ha resultado válido y fiable para medir saltos verticalesS
Occupational exposure to nano-TiO2 in the life cycle steps of new depollutant mortars used in construction
The present work is focused on the measurement of workers exposure to nano-TiO2
in the life cycle steps of depollutant mortars. It has been done in the framework of the
SCAFFOLD project, which aims at the management of potential risks arising from the use of
manufactured nanomaterials in construction. Main findings can be summarized as follows: (1)
The occupational exposure to nano- TiO2 is below 0.3 mg/m3 for all measured scenarios. The
highest concentrations were measured during the cleaning task (in the nano- TiO2
manufacturing process) and during the application (spraying) of depollutant coatings on a wall.
(2) It was found a high release of particles above the background in several tasks as expected
due to the nature of the activities performed. The maximum concentration was measured
during drilling and during adding powder materials (mean total particle concentration up to
5.591E+04 particles/cm3 and 5.69E+04 particles/cm3). However, considering data on total
particle concentration released, no striking differences have been observed when tasks have
been performed using conventional materials in the sector (control) and when using materials
doped with nano-objects.European Commission's FP
Exposición al monóxido de carbono del personal especialista en extinción de incendios forestales
P. 799-807Fundamento: Se ha descrito que la salud y el rendimiento laboral del personal dedicado a la extinción de los incendios forestales se ven perjudicados principalmente por el monóxido de carbono (CO).
El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar la exposición al CO a la que se ve sometido el personal especialista en la extinción de los incendios.
Métodos: Durante 58 incendios reales se monitorizó en 44 sujetos la exposición al CO a la que se vieron sometidos. También se analizó la concentración ponderada para una jornada de 8h (VA-ED).
Todos los incendios fueron divididos en función del tipo de trabajo realizado (ataque directo, indirecto y combinado) y del combustible presente (pasto, matorral, bajo arbolado y mixto). Las variables analizadas fueron estudiadas mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, se usó el test de Mann-Whitney para establecer las diferencias entre medias.
Resultados: La concentración media de CO en los incendios fue de 18,4±1,7 ppm, lo que supuso una VA-ED de 7,0±1,0 ppm. Las mayores exposiciones al CO se analizaron en los ataques combinados (20,4±2,3 ppm) seguidas de las obtenidas en los ataques directos (17,5±2,7 ppm) e indirectos (10,6±5,4 ppm). Únicamente se obtuvieron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) al comparar las exposiciones al CO generadas por la combustión del matorral (19,8±2,2) y bajo arbolado (17,2±3,9) y pasto (12,0±5,6).
Conclusiones: Las exposiciones de CO analizadas se vieron influidas por el tipo de combustible y trabajo desempeñado. Los valores medios obtenidos se situaron dentro de los límites establecidos como seguros por diferentes organismos nacionales (INSHT) e internacionales (NIOSH, OSHA)S
Durvalumab plus tremelimumab for the treatment of advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms of gastroenteropancreatic and lung origin
Single immune checkpoint blockade has shown limited activity in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Here the authors report the results of a phase II clinical trial of durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) and tremelimumab (anti CTLA-4) in patients with advanced NENs of gastroenteropancreatic and lung origin. Single immune checkpoint blockade in advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) shows limited efficacy; dual checkpoint blockade may improve treatment activity. Dune (NCT03095274) is a non-randomized controlled multicohort phase II clinical trial evaluating durvalumab plus tremelimumab activity and safety in advanced NENs. This study included 123 patients presenting between 2017 and 2019 with typical/atypical lung carcinoids (Cohort 1), G1/2 gastrointestinal (Cohort 2), G1/2 pancreatic (Cohort 3) and G3 gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) (Cohort 4) NENs; who progressed to standard therapies. Patients received 1500 mg durvalumab and 75 mg tremelimumab for up to 13 and 4 cycles (every 4 weeks), respectively. The primary objective was the 9-month clinical benefit rate (CBR) for cohorts 1-3 and 9-month overall survival (OS) rate for Cohort 4. Secondary endpoints included objective response rate, duration of response, progression-free survival according to irRECIST, overall survival, and safety. Correlation of PD-L1 expression with efficacy was exploratory. The 9-month CBR was 25.9%/35.5%/25% for Cohorts 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The 9-month OS rate for Cohort 4 was 36.1%, surpassing the futility threshold. Benefit in Cohort 4 was observed regardless of differentiation and Ki67 levels. PD-L1 combined scores did not correlate with treatment activity. Safety profile was consistent with that of prior studies. In conclusion, durvalumab plus tremelimumab is safe in NENs and shows modest survival benefit in G3 GEP-NENs; with one-third of these patients experiencing a prolonged OS
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