Tratamiento de la hiperpresión ósea de la rótula mediante perforaciones óseas: estudio experimental

La hipertensión intraósea se ha postulado como una de las causas de dolor femoropatelar y, se han propuesto las perforaciones óseas descomprensivas como método de tratamiento. Con el objetivo de valorar la eficacia de la descompresión ósea hemos realizado un estudio experimental en ovejas. Se emplearon 12 ovejas de la raza merina con un peso medio de 60 kg y una edad media de 4 años divididas en dos grupos. El grupo A se diseñó para demostrar que la descompresión rotuliana produce una disminución de la presión intraósea. Para ello se realizó un traumatismo controlado en ambas rótulas y posterior descompresión en la rótula izquierda siendo la rótula derecha el grupo control. El grupo B se diseñó para observar el efecto de la técnica de descompresión ósea por sí misma, en ausencia de hiperpresión mediante un traumetismo previo, realizándose la descompresión en la rótula izquierda siendo la derecha el grupo control. En ambos grupos se realizaron mediciones de presión al inicio del estudio, a las 6 semanas previa y tras realización de la descompresión y a los 4 meses realizándose el estudio histológico en ambos casos. Tras análisis estadístico de las cifras de presión en los distintos intervalos de tiempo, podemos concluir que la realización de perforaciones óseas no produce una disminución de las cifras de presión, tanto si existe o no un estado de hiperpresión previo. Desde el punto de vista anatomopatológico, dichas perforaciones no frenan ni revierten los cambios histológicos degenerativos y por último, la propia técnica de medición de la presión intraósea puede por sí misma constituir una agresión, pudiendo a largo plazo desencadenar alteraciones degenerativas.Increased intra-osseous pressure has been postu- lated as one of the causes of patello-femoral pain, and there- fore, decompression osseous drilling has been suggested as a treatment option. With the object of evaluating the efficacy of osseous decompression, we have performed an experi- mental study in sheep. We used twelve sheep from the meri- no race divided into two groups, all with an average weight of 60 kilograms and an average age of 4 years. Group A was de- signed to prove that patellar decompression produces a de- crease in patellar pressures. Therefore, both patellae were traumatised in a controlled manner and the left patella was decompressed, leaving the right patella as the control group. Group B was designed to observe the effects of patellar de- compression alone, in absence of hypertension through pre- vious trauma, the left being decompressed and the right being the control group. In both groups, pressure measurements of pressure were conducted at the beginning of the study, six weeks previous and after accomplishment of the decompres- sion. At 4 months, a histopathological study of both patellae was conducted. Following the statistical analysis of the pres- sure readings at the different time intervals, we conclude that osseous drilling does not decrease the pressure readings, re- gardless of the existence of a state of patellar hypertension. From the histopathological point of view, drilling does not slow or revert the histological degenerative changes, and lastly, the technique to measure the intraosseus pressure can itself constitute an aggression that can ultimately cause de- generative changes

Geomorphological setting and main technological features of new Middle and Upper Pleistocene sites in the Lower Manzanares River Valley (Madrid, Spain)

Las intervenciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo durante los años 1996 en Tafesa, 2005 en el yacimiento Hospital 12 de Octubre y 2006 en la desembocadura del arroyo Butarque (Villaverde-Barrio de Butarque) situados al sur de la ciudad de Madrid (España), han aportado nuevos conjuntos líticos contextualizados estratigráficamente en los depósitos fluviales pleistocenos correspondientes al tramo inferior del valle del río Manzanares. Los yacimientos arqueológicos analizados se sitúan geomorfológicamente en la denominada “Terraza Compleja del Manzanares” (TCMZ), la cual constituye un nivel fluvial engrosado (20-15 m de potencia) situado entre +22-16 m sobre el cauce actual del río, a lo largo de su margen derecha. Este nivel fluvial ha sido tradicionalmente considerado de edad Pleistoceno medio en base a la industria achelense y complejos faunísticos encontrados en sus niveles inferiores. Ciertamente, Tafesa es un yacimiento situado en la parte inferior-media de la terraza de +22 m con industria achelense y fauna de Pleistoceno medio. Por el contrario, los niveles superiores de esta misma terraza en los sectores del 12 de Octubre y Villaverde-Butarque se encuentran asociados a industrias del Paleolítico inferior y medio ya pertenecientes al Pleistoceno superior, como sugieren el conjunto de dataciones OSL y TL existentes para la zona. Los datos analizados en este trabajo indican que el desarrollo de este nivel de terraza engrosado comienza durante la parte final de Pleistoceno medio y abarca todo el Estadio Isotópico OIS 5, ya dentro del Pleistoceno superiorThe archaeological works developed during the years 1996 in the site of Tafesa, 2005 in the 12 de Octubre Metro Station site and 2006 in the confluence of the Butarque Stream (Villaverde-Barrio de Butarque site) located south of the Madrid City (Spain), have provided new lithic assemblages. These assemblages have been stratigraphically contextualized in the Pleistocene deposits of the Lower Manzanares river valley within the so-called “Manzanares Complex Terrace” (TCMZ). This fluvial terrace constitutes an anomalous thickened (20-15m) deposit at +22-16m above the present river thalweg mainly developed along the right (southern) valley margin. This fluvial level has been traditionally considered of middle Pleistocene age on the basis of the acheulian lithics and faunal assemblages typically located within its lower stratigraphic layers. Certainly, the Tafesa is a fluvial terrace site at +22 m with acheulian industry and middle Pleistocene faunal remains at its lower sedimentary sequence. However, the upper sedimentary levels of this same terrace in the 12 de Octubre y Villaverde-Butarque sites throw lithic assemblages of the lower and upper Paleolithic belonging to upper Pleistocene, as suggested by the available set of TL and OSL dates for the zone. The analyses developed in this study indicate that the development of this thickened fluvial terrace started during the end of the middle Pleistocene, but also comprise the whole Oxygen Isotopic Stage OIS 5 during the upper Pleistocene

A hybrid Quantum proposal to deal with 3-SAT problem

Going as far as possible at SAT problem solving is the main aim of our work. For this sake we have made use of quantum computing from its two, on practice, main models of computation. They have required some reformulations over the former statement of 3-SAT problem in order to accomplish the requirements of both techniques. This paper presents and describes a hybrid quantum computing strategy for solving 3-SAT problems. The performance of this approximation has been tested over a set of representative scenarios when dealing with 3-SAT from the quantum computing perspective.Comment: 25 pages, 21 figures, 4 table

Terminal carbohydrates abundance, immune related enzymes, bactericidal activity and physico-chemical parameters of the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) skin mucus

Recently, interest in mucosal surfaces, more specifically fish skin and its secreted mucus, has greatly increased among immunologists. The abundance of terminal carbohydrates, several enzymes (proteases, lysozyme, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, esterases and ceruloplasmin), bactericidal activity against fish pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and several physico-chemical parameters (protein concentration, pH, conductivity, redox potential, osmolarity, density and viscosity) in the skin mucus of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) have been evaluated. Present results evidence the abundance of N-acetylneuraminic acid, mannose, glucose and N-acetyl-galactosamine in skin mucus. The levels of lysozyme, proteases, esterases and alkaline phosphatase were very similar (from 20 to 30 Units mg 1 protein). However, 93 Units mg 1 protein were detected of ceruloplasmin and only 4 0 88 Units mg 1 protein of peroxidase. Skin mucus of S. senegalensis showed high bactericidal activity against the tested pathogen bacteria but weak activity against non-pathogenic bacteria. Finally, a clear relationship between mucus density and temperature was detected, while viscosity showed a direct shear- and temperature-dependent behaviour. These results could be useful for better understanding the role of the skin mucus as a key component of the innate immune system, as well as, for elucidating possible relationships between biological and physico-chemical parameters and disease susceptibility

Antena de alta eficiencia para localización en entornos hospitalarios

[EN] In this paper, an omni-directional antenna solution is presented to improve the accuracy of indoor location systems, particularly MYSPHERA Bluetooth Real-Time Locating System (RTLS). Emitting antennas with an irregular radiation pattern are not suitable for existing localization techniques due to received signal strength variation in the locators. The approach to an isotropic radiation pattern in the emitting device is what is achieved with presented design using two time-switched antennas with opposing radiation patterns. This solution allows to receive a uniform signal in the locators and increases precision for any technique, frequency or technology used. For MYSPHERA this means more reliability, allowing better processes optimization and increasing efficiency in hospitals.Casanova-Murillo, M.; Cabedo Fabres, M.; Hernández-Cuartero, JF.; Montón-Sánchez, E. (2021). Antena de alta eficiencia para localización en entornos hospitalarios. Íñigo Cuiñas Gómez. 1-3. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/1910651

Phase stability and electronic structure of iridium metal at the megabar range

[EN] The 5d transition metals have attracted specific interest for high-pressure studies due to their extraordinary stability and intriguing electronic properties. In particular, iridium metal has been proposed to exhibit a recently discovered pressure-induced electronic transition, the so-called core-level crossing transition at the lowest pressure among all the 5d transition metals. Here, we report an experimental structural characterization of iridium by x-ray probes sensitive to both long- and short-range order in matter. Synchrotron-based powder x-ray diffraction results highlight a large stability range (up to 1.4 Mbar) of the low-pressure phase. The compressibility behaviour was characterized by an accurate determination of the pressure-volume equation of state, with a bulk modulus of 339(3) GPa and its derivative of 5.3(1). X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which probes the local structure and the empty density of electronic states above the Fermi level, was also utilized. The remarkable agreement observed between experimental and calculated spectra validates the reliability of theoretical predictions of the pressure dependence of the electronic structure of iridium in the studied interval of compressions.The authors thank the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Spanish Research Agency (AEI), the European Fund for Regional Development (FEDER) under Grant No. MAT2016-75586-C4-1/2-P and the Generalitat Valenciana under Grant Prometeo/2018/123 (EFIMAT). V. M. acknowledges the Juan de la Cierva fellowship (FJCI-2016-27921) and J.A.S. acknowledges the Ramón y Cajal fellowship program (RYC-2015-17482) and Spanish Mineco Project FIS2017-83295-P. We acknowledge the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for provision of official research beamtimes, the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linköping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU No 2009 00971), Knut and Alice Wallenbergs Foundation Project Strong Field Physics and New States of Matter CoTXS (2014 2019). The interpretation of theoretical results was supported by the Ministry of Science and High Education of the Russian Federation in the framework of Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST MISIS (No. K2-2019-001) implemented by a governmental decree dated 16 March 2013, No 211.Monteseguro, V.; Sans-Tresserras, JÁ.; Cuartero, V.; Cova, F.; Abrikosov, I.; Olovsson, W.; Popescu, C.... (2019). Phase stability and electronic structure of iridium metal at the megabar range. Scientific Reports. 9:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45401-xS199Cynn, H., Klepeis, J. E., Yoo, C.-S. & Young, D. A. 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Contexto geomorfológico y principales rasgos tecnológicos de nuevos yacimientos del Pleistoceno Medio y Superior en el Valle Inferior del Manzanares (Madrid, España)

The archaeological works developed during the years 1996 in the site of Tafesa, 2005 in the 12 de Octubre Metro Station site and 2006 in the confluence of the Butarque Stream (Villaverde-Barrio de Butarque site) located south of the Madrid City (Spain), have provided new lithic assemblages. These assemblages have been stratigraphically contextualized in the Pleistocene deposits of the Lower Manzanares river valley within the so-called “Manzanares Complex Terrace” (TCMZ). This fluvial terrace constitutes an anomalous thickened (20-15m) deposit at +22-16m above the present river thalweg mainly developed along the right (southern) valley margin. This fluvial level has been traditionally considered of middle Pleistocene age on the basis of the acheulian lithics and faunal assemblages typically located within its lower stratigraphic layers. Certainly, the Tafesa is a fluvial terrace site at +22 m with acheulian industry and middle Pleistocene faunal remains at its lower sedimentary sequence. However, the upper sedimentary levels of this same terrace in the 12 de Octubre y Villaverde-Butarque sites throw lithic assemblages of the lower and upper Paleolithic belonging to upper Pleistocene, as suggested by the available set of TL and OSL dates for the zone. The analyses developed in this study indicate that the development of this thickened fluvial terrace started during the end of the middle Pleistocene, but also comprise the whole Oxygen Isotopic Stage OIS 5 during the upper Pleistocene.Las intervenciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo durante los años 1996 en Tafesa, 2005 en el yacimiento Hospital 12 de Octubre y 2006 en la desembocadura del arroyo Butarque (Villaverde-Barrio de Butarque) situados al sur de la ciudad de Madrid (España), han aportado nuevos conjuntos líticos contextualizados estratigráficamente en los depósitos fluviales pleistocenos correspondientes al tramo inferior del valle del río Manzanares. Los yacimientos arqueológicos analizados se sitúan geomorfológicamente en la denominada “Terraza Compleja del Manzanares” (TCMZ), la cual constituye un nivel fluvial engrosado (20-15 m de potencia) situado entre +22-16 m sobre el cauce actual del río, a lo largo de su margen derecha. Este nivel fluvial ha sido tradicionalmente considerado de edad Pleistoceno medio en base a la industria achelense y complejos faunísticos encontrados en sus niveles inferiores. Ciertamente, Tafesa es un yacimiento situado en la parte inferior-media de la terraza de +22 m con industria achelense y fauna de Pleistoceno medio. Por el contrario, los niveles superiores de esta misma terraza en los sectores del 12 de Octubre y Villaverde-Butarque se encuentran asociados a industrias del Paleolítico inferior y medio ya pertenecientes al Pleistoceno superior, como sugieren el conjunto de dataciones OSL y TL existentes para la zona. Los datos analizados en este trabajo indican que el desarrollo de este nivel de terraza engrosado comienza durante la parte final de Pleistoceno medio y abarca todo el Estadio Isotópico OIS 5, ya dentro del Pleistoceno superior

First modern human settlement recorded in the Iberian hinterland occurred during Heinrich Stadial 2 within harsh environmental conditions

As the south-westernmost region of Europe, the Iberian Peninsula stands as a key area for understanding the process of modern human dispersal into Eurasia. However, the precise timing, ecological setting and cultural context of this process remains controversial concerning its spatiotemporal distribution within the different regions of the peninsula. While traditional models assumed that the whole Iberian hinterland was avoided by modern humans due to ecological factors until the retreat of the Last Glacial Maximum, recent research has demonstrated that hunter-gatherers entered the Iberian interior at least during Solutrean times. We provide a multi-proxy geoarchaeological, chronometric and paleoecological study on human–environment interactions based on the key site of Peña Capón (Guadalajara, Spain). Results show (1) that this site hosts the oldest modern human presence recorded to date in central Iberia, associated to pre-Solutrean cultural traditions around 26, 000 years ago, and (2) that this presence occurred during Heinrich Stadial 2 within harsh environmental conditions. These findings demonstrate that this area of the Iberian hinterland was recurrently occupied regardless of climate and environmental variability, thus challenging the widely accepted hypothesis that ecological risk hampered the human settlement of the Iberian interior highlands since the first arrival of modern humans to Southwest Europe. © 2021, The Author(s)

First modern human settlement recorded in the Iberian hinterland occurred during Heinrich Stadial 2 within harsh environmental conditions

As the south-westernmost region of Europe, the Iberian Peninsula stands as a key area for understanding the process of modern human dispersal into Eurasia. However, the precise timing, ecological setting and cultural context of this process remains controversial concerning its spatiotemporal distribution within the different regions of the peninsula. While traditional models assumed that the whole Iberian hinterland was avoided by modern humans due to ecological factors until the retreat of the Last Glacial Maximum, recent research has demonstrated that hunter-gatherers entered the Iberian interior at least during Solutrean times. We provide a multi-proxy geoarchaeological, chronometric and paleoecological study on human?environment interactions based on the key site of Peña Capón (Guadalajara, Spain). Results show (1) that this site hosts the oldest modern human presence recorded to date in central Iberia, associated to pre-Solutrean cultural traditions around 26,000 years ago, and (2) that this presence occurred during Heinrich Stadial 2 within harsh environmental conditions. These findings demonstrate that this area of the Iberian hinterland was recurrently occupied regardless of climate and environmental variability, thus challenging the widely accepted hypothesis that ecological risk hampered the human settlement of the Iberian interior highlands since the first arrival of modern humans to Southwest Europe.Tis research was carried out in the context of the ERC MULTIPALEOIBERIA project, funded by the European Research Council (ERC-2018-STG-805478), and the PALEOINTERIOR project, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (HAR2017-82483-C3-3-P)

Characterization of new regulatory elements within the Drosophila bithorax complex

The homeotic Abdominal-B (Abd-B) gene expression depends on a modular cis-regulatory region divided into discrete functional domains (iab) that control the expression of the gene in a particular segment of the fly. These domains contain regulatory elements implicated in both initiation and maintenance of homeotic gene expression and elements that separate the different domains. In this paper we have performed an extensive analysis of the iab-6 regulatory region, which regulates Abd-B expression at abdominal segment A6 (PS11), and we have characterized two new polycomb response elements (PREs) within this domain. We report that PREs at Abd-B cis-regulatory domains present a particular chromatin structure which is nuclease accessible all along Drosophila development and both in active and repressed states. We also show that one of these regions contains a dCTCF and CP190 dependent activity in transgenic enhancer-blocking assays, suggesting that it corresponds to the Fab-6 boundary element of the Drosophila bithorax complex