44 research outputs found
Regulatory effects of interleukinâ11 during acute lung inflammatory injury
The role of interleukinâ11 (ILâ11) was evaluated in the IgG immune complex model of acute lung injury in rats. ILâ11 mRNA and protein were both upâregulated during the course of this inflammatory response. Exogenously administered ILâ11 substantially reduced, in a doseâdependent manner, the intrapulmonary accumulation of neutrophils and the lung vascular leak of albumin. These in vivo antiâinflammatory effects of ILâ11 were associated with reduced NFâÎșB activation in lung, reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFâα) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, and diminished upâregulation of lung vascular ICAMâ1. It is interesting that ILâ11 did not affect BAL fluid content of the CXC chemokines, macrophage inflammatory proteinâ2 (MIPâ2) and cytokineâinducible neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC); the presence of ILâ11 did not affect these chemokines. However, BAL content of C5a was reduced by ILâ11. These data indicate that ILâ11 is a regulatory cytokine in the lung and that, like other members of this family, its antiâinflammatory properties appear to be linked to its suppression of NFâÎșB activation, diminished production of TNFâα, and reduced upâregulation of lung vascular ICAMâ1. J. Leukoc. Biol. 66: 151â157; 1999.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141937/1/jlb0151.pd
Neutrophil Chemotactic Activity and C5a Following Systemic Activation of Complement in Rats
Using ELISA analysis, rat C5a was stimulated in serum from rats undergoing systemic activation of complement after intravenous infusion of purified cobra venom factor (CVF). Biological (neutrophil chemotactic) activity was also assessed. Serum levels of C5a were directly proportional to the amount of CVF infused. C5a and neutrophil chemotactic activity, peaked by 5 min, then plateaued. In vitro addition of anti-C5a to serum samples of CVF-infused rats totally abolished chemotactic activity, indicating that all biological activity could be ascribed to C5a. Blood neutrophils obtained from CVF-infused animals showed a significant upregulation of CD11b, the increase being reduced (38%) in animals pretreated with anti-C5a. These findings indicate that infusion of CVF into rats produces generation of C5a, all chemotactic activity in serum being related to C5a. The in vivo generation of C5a is, at least inpart, responsible for upregulation of CD11b on blood neutrophils.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44517/1/10753_2004_Article_426059.pd
âDown with communism â Power to the peopleâ: The legacies of 1989 and beyond
This special issue brings together reflections on the thirtieth anniversary of the revolutions of 1989 and considers their consequences for our understandings of European and global society. What seemed for some at least the surprising and rapid collapse of Eastern European state socialism prompted rethinking in social theory about the potential for emancipatory politics and new modes of social and political organization. At the same time, there was increased reflection on the nature of varieties of capitalism and the meaning of socialism beyond the failure of at least its etatist and autarkic mode. The five articles here and the editorsâ introduction address themes such as utopian hopes, civil society, the transformation of Europe, the world beyond 1989, and new configurations of power and conflict
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Preliminary systems engineering evaluations for the National Ecological Observatory Network.
The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is an ambitious National Science Foundation sponsored project intended to accumulate and disseminate ecologically informative sensor data from sites among 20 distinct biomes found within the United States and Puerto Rico over a period of at least 30 years. These data are expected to provide valuable insights into the ecological impacts of climate change, land-use change, and invasive species in these various biomes, and thereby provide a scientific foundation for the decisions of future national, regional, and local policy makers. NEON's objectives are of substantial national and international importance, yet they must be achieved with limited resources. Sandia National Laboratories was therefore contracted to examine four areas of significant systems engineering concern; specifically, alternatives to commercial electrical utility power for remote operations, approaches to data acquisition and local data handling, protocols for secure long-distance data transmission, and processes and procedures for the introduction of new instruments and continuous improvement of the sensor network. The results of these preliminary systems engineering evaluations are presented, with a series of recommendations intended to optimize the efficiency and probability of long-term success for the NEON enterprise
The state of the Martian climate
60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981â2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes
Expanding Interprofessional Education Through a Graduation Requirement
Abstract available in the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education