Une « mauvaise herbe » pour lutter contre le cancer? Étude des propriétés cytotoxiques du latex d'asclépiade de Syrie

Affiche présentée dans le cadre du Colloque de l'ARC, «Pour que la formation de la relève scientifique soit sur toutes les lèvres», dans le cadre du 87e Congrès de l'Acfas, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Gatineau, le 28 mai 2019.Les asclépiades regroupent une centaine de variétés de plantes connues pour la diversité des molécules qu’elles produisent, particulièrement les cardénolides. Des effets inhibiteurs sur la prolifération cellulaire in vitro ont été observés pour une grande variété de lignées cellulaires et de cardénolides. Sachant que l’asclépiade de Syrie est cultivée au Québec (et donc facilement accessible), une purification bio-guidée d’extraits de cette plante est en cours pour y caractériser d’éventuels composés anticancéreux. Un premier fractionnement du latex de la plante par coagulation/précipitation, puis extraction liquide/liquide a révélé que la phase organique inhibe la prolifération des trois lignées testées in vitro (PC-3 [cancer de la prostate], U87-MG [glioblastome] et MDA231 [cancer du sein]), à des doses inférieures à 500 ng/mL. La phase organique a été sous-fractionnée sur colonne de gel de silice. Après regroupement des fractions au profil chromatographique similaire, neuf fractions ont été testées in vitro. Deux fractions sont actives à faible dose et deux le sont à forte dose. L’analyse comparative des fractions actives et inactives par chromatographie liquide-spectrométrie de masse a permis de cibler 13 composés potentiellement cytotoxiques qui sont en cours de purification par chromatographie liquide semi-préparative. Ces composés seront testés in vitro, et les molécules actives seront caractérisées structurellement ainsi que pour leurs propriétés pharmacologiques

Healthcare professionals' intentions to use wiki-based reminders to promote best practices in trauma care: a survey protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Healthcare professionals are increasingly using wikis as collaborative tools to create, synthesize, share, and disseminate knowledge in healthcare. Because wikis depend on collaborators to keep content up-to-date, healthcare professionals who use wikis must adopt behaviors that foster this collaboration. This protocol describes the methods we will use to develop and test the metrological qualities of a questionnaire that will assess healthcare professionals' intentions and the determinants of those intentions to use wiki-based reminders that promote best practices in trauma care.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using the Theory of Planned Behavior, we will conduct semi-structured interviews of healthcare professionals to identify salient beliefs that may affect their future use of wikis. These beliefs will inform our questionnaire on intended behavior. A test-retest of the survey will verify the questionnaire's stability over time. We will interview 50 healthcare professionals (25 physicians and 25 allied health professionals) working in the emergency departments of three trauma centers in Quebec, Canada. We will analyze the content of the interviews and construct and pilot a questionnaire. We will then test the revised questionnaire with 30 healthcare professionals (15 physicians and 15 allied health professionals) and retest it two weeks later. We will assess the internal consistency of the questionnaire constructs using Cronbach's alpha coefficients and determine their stability with the intra-class correlation (ICC).</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>To our knowledge, this study will be the first to develop and test a theory-based survey that measures healthcare professionals' intentions to use a wiki-based intervention. This study will identify professionals' salient beliefs qualitatively and will quantify the psychometric capacities of the questionnaire based on those beliefs.</p

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

The History of Evil Women in English Literature

A history of evil female characters in English literature, beginning with Beowulf and ending with Gillian Flynn\u27s Gone Girl

Population-based study on occupational risk factors for preeclampsia and gestational hypertension

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Novel imprinted transcripts from the Dlk1-Gtl2 intergenic region, Mico1 and Mico1os, show circadian oscillations.

International audienceMost of the known imprinted genes are assembled into clusters that share common imprinting control regions (ICRs). Non-coding transcripts are often associated with ICRs and implicated in imprinting regulation. We undertook a systematic search for transcripts originating from the Dlk1-Gtl2 intergenic region that contains the ICR for the chromosome 12 imprinted cluster and identified two overlapping transcripts expressed from opposite strands exclusively from the maternal chromosome. These novel imprinted transcripts most likely represent non-coding RNAs and are located telomeric to the IG DMR, extending the proximal boundary of the region of maternal-specific transcription. Their expression is tissue-specific and shows diurnal and circadian oscillations.Therefore, we named these novel transcripts maternal intergenic circadian oscillating 1 (Mico1) and Mico1, opposite strand (Mico1os)

Behavioral and psychological symptoms that predict cognitive decline or impairment in cognitively normal middle-aged or older adults : a meta-analysis

Epidemiological studies have revealed that behavioral and psychological (or non-cognitive) symptoms are risk factors for cognitive decline in older adults. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and determine which behavioral and psychological symptoms are most predictive of future cognitive decline among individuals with no pre-existing cognitive impairments. The selected studies included middle-aged or older adults without cognitive impairments. The predictors were assessed using behavioral and psychological questionnaires, or diagnostic interviews, to identify non-cognitive symptoms or psychiatric clinical conditions. The follow-up period was at least one year, and the design of the selected studies was either retrospective or prospective. This study compared individuals with and without non-cognitive manifestations and resulted in one of three outcomes: (a) a score change on a cognitive measure, (b) a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, or (c) a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or dementia. Four online databases were searched for eligible studies from the database inception to January 17, 2017: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (OVID), PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Pooled effect sizes were estimated using a random-effect model. Higgins I2, the Q statistic, and tau-squared were used to quantify the observed heterogeneity between the studies. Results indicate that depression and sleep duration (long and short) were the most consistent associations between behavioral or psychological symptoms and cognitive decline. This meta-analysis supports the need to assess behavioral and psychological symptoms in cognitively intact older adults to identify those who are at risk for cognitive decline