When Do Political Ideologies Affect Brand Extension Evaluation? The Role of Analytic Versus Holistic Mindsets

Political ideologies are becoming an important focus of attention in the marketing literature. This research examines the impact of political ideologies on consumers’ evaluation of brand extensions. In a series of six studies, this work shows how, and under what conditions, liberals evaluate brand extensions differently than conservatives. Because liberals are more open to new experiences, and tend to seek novelty, while conservatives show stronger preferences for order, structure, and conventional things, liberals are expected to react more favorably to new stimuli, as in the case of dissimilar brand extensions. However, the effects of political ideologies are dependent on some degree of activation, and it is expected, that broader styles of thinking facilitate the expression of ideologies. In particular, this research shows that liberals evaluate dissimilar brand extensions in a more favorable way (compared to conservatives) when consumers are in a holistic mindset, but not in an analytic mindset. Moreover, this research shows that these effects are bounded by political ideology centrality such that the effects emerge only when ideologies are central to the self-concept. Finally, the findings also show that the proposed effects are driven by liberals’ need to seek novelty. When liberal consumers in a holistic mindset are provided with an opportunity to satiate their novelty-seeking goals prior to exposure to the brand extension, the effects dissipate and liberals respond similar to conservative consumers. Conversely, when there is no opportunity to satiate novelty-seeking goals, findings of previous studies are replicated, and liberal consumers in a holistic mindset evaluate dissimilar brand extensions in a more favorable way compared with conservative consumers. These findings have important implications for the branding literature and for marketers

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

<p align="justify">Lista de Confianza del Visitante sobre la Lealtad al Destino Turístico<br><br>Lista de Confiança do Visitante sobre a Lealdade ao Destino Turistico<br><br>Role of Tourist’s Trust on Destination Loyalty</p>

RESUMENEl estudio de la lealtad a los destinos turísticos no ha tenido el protagonismo esperado, considerando la importancia de la repetición de visitas a un lugar. Uno de los factores que podría influir en el aumento de esta lealtad es la confianza. Así, conocer el papel que cumple esta variable sobre la lealtad es de gran relevancia. Desde este punto de vista, el estudio analiza la relación confianza-lealtad y considera una nueva configuración de la confianza. En concreto, se propone un modelo, en el que la lealtad está determinada por la confianza en a) los atractivos, b) los servicios y c) las personas del destino turístico. Después de aplicar un cuestionario a los visitantes de estos lugares turísticos, se comparó con un modelo propuesto por medio de ecuaciones estructurales, previo análisis psicométrico de todos los datos y de la validez de las escalas de medición. Los resultados muestran que la confianza tiene una influencia directa sobre la lealtad, centrada en los atractivos y las personas que habitan el lugar.RESUMOO estudo da confiabilidade dos destinos turísticos não obteve o protagonismo esperado, considerando a importância do retorno do turista a uma localidade. Um dos fatores que poderia influenciar no aumento dessa lealdade é a confiança. Neste sentido, conhecer a relação desta variável com lealdade é de suma relevância. Sendo assim, o objetivo do referido estudo é analisar a relação confiança x lealdade, considerando um novo construto para confiança. Para tal construto, se propõe um modelo em que a lealdade está determinada pelo nível de confiança em: a) nos atrativos turísticos; b) nos serviços; e c) na interação com pessoas do destino turístico. Após a aplicação de um questionário aos visitantes desses pontos turísticos, aplicou-se um modelo de equações estruturais, com uma prévia análise psciométrica e validação dos dados e das escalas de medição. Os resultados mostraram que a confiança tem uma influência direta na lealdade, principalmente em função das atrações turísticas e das interações com as pessoas que habitam o lugar.ABSTRACTThe study about loyalty towards tourist destinations has not had the leading role expected, considering the importance of repeated visits to a specific place. One of the factors that could increase this sense of loyalty is trust; being so, knowing the role of this variable in loyalty takes on huge relevance. From this point of view, the present study analyses the existing relationship between trust and loyalty considering a new configuration of trust. Specifically, a model is proposed where loyalty is determined by the level of trust 1) in the tourist attractions, 2) its services and 3) people you may interact with in the spot. After applying a questionnaire to visitors from different tourist spots, a proposed model was contrasted with structural equations modeling, previously analyzing the psychometric and validity data contained in the measuring scales. The results show that trust has a direct influence on loyalty, mainly based on the attractions and the people who live there.</p

El rol de la usabilidad percibida sobre la confianza en las subastas online

Si bien se ha considerado que la usabilidad del sitio presente estudio se lleva a cabo en el caso particular web es una de las variables clave en la formación de de los sitios de subastas por Internet, que representan la confianza de los usuarios, esta relación no ha sido un mercado creciente y en auge entre los servicios a profundamente analizada respecto a su efecto directo través de Internet en Latinoamérica. Luego de probar la o mediado. Dentro de este contexto, se propone que la unidimensionalidad, fiabilidad y validez de las escalas usabilidad influye sobre la confianza, pero no de ma-de medida, se contrastan las hipótesis a través de un nera directa, sino más bien a través de la satisfacción, modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y una estrategia de con esta última actuando como variable mediadora. El modelos rivales

Comercio Electrónico en tiempos de pandemia: re-examinando el rol de los antecedentes claves de la Intención de Compra

The objective of this research is to test a model for the formation of purchase intention in electronic commerce in the  pandemic period, and in this way, to establish the similarities and differences that could be  developed in the relationship of these variables with a context of normality. To carry out this objective, a model is proposed where trust and ease of use are the most relevant antecedents of online purchase intention.  Then, on the one hand, the willingness to  trust, privacy and security are considered as determinant variables of trust, while, on the other hand, utilitarian and hedonic  characteristics are considered as determinants of ease of use. To test the model, a sample of 242 users of electronic  commerce platforms in Chile was obtained and the relationships were analyzed using a  structural equation model. As a result, it was possible to verify that the effect of trust and ease of use are verified in this context, but a greater effect of the second variable with respect to the first is striking. In addition, it was found that the effect of the willingness to trust and privacy on trust is not significant, as is the effect of hedonic characteristics on ease of use, giving a leading role to security and utilitarian characteristics in the model. The results help administrators to point their management objectives towards these  variables in order to improve the purchase intention of consumers.La presente investigación tiene por objetivo probar un modelo de formación de intención de compra en el comercio electrónico en periodo de pandemia, con el fin de establecer las similitudes y diferencias que se podrían desarrollar en la relación de estas variables en un contexto de normalidad. Para llevar a cabo ese objetivo, se propone un modelo donde la confianza y la facilidad de uso son los antecedentes más relevantes de la  Intención de compra online. La disposición a confiar, la privacidad y la seguridad son consideradas como variables determinantes de la confianza, mientras que, las  características utilitarias y hedónicas se  consideran determinantes de la facilidad de uso. Para probar el modelo, se consideró una muestra de 242 usuarios de plataformas de comercio electrónico en Chile; esas relaciones  se analizaron utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Como resultado de la investigación, se pudo  constatar que el efecto de la confianza y la facilidad de uso se comprueban en este  contexto, pero llama la atención un mayor efecto de la segunda variable con respecto a  la primera; además, se determinó que el efecto de la disposición a confiar y la privacidad sobre la confianza no es significativo, al igual que el de las  características hedónicas sobre la facilidad de uso, dando un rol protagónico a la seguridad  y las características utilitarias en el modelo.  Los resultados del estudio contribuyen a que  los administradores orienten sus objetivos de gestión hacia estas variables en pos de mejorar la Intención de compra de los consumidores