Diseño Centrado en el Usuario aplicado a una luminaria

The importance of light, not only for human beings, but for each living being is depicted by the fact of having greater performance during the daylight hours. However, without artificial lighting, life, as it is known nowadays, would not be possible. Yet is adapted lighting to people’s needs well valued? Actually, choosing the correct enlightenment may not be easy, but really important. Moreover, it is common to find designs which do not match the real user needs and desires. Many companies did not test their ideas in the belief that they could break into the market. Nevertheless, the reality was quite different. Thus, it is critical to know and understand the user of the products and services which are being designed. Investing in user research could make the difference in the long term with products fitting their needs. Therefore, the aim of this work is to design a luminaire that satisfies user needs and desires by following creative methods to approach people. These techniques will lead to offer an original and interesting final product design for the user.La importancia de la luz, no solo para los seres humanos, sino para todos los seres vivos, queda puesta de manifiesto con el simple hecho de que el organismo está preparado para desempeñarse a mayor rendimiento durante las horas de luz del día. Sin embargo, sin la luz artificial, la vida tal como se concibe no sería posible.  Pero, ¿realmente se valora la importancia de una correcta iluminación adaptada a las necesidades? Lo cierto, es que elegir la luz adecuada en cada momento, no es una tarea fácil, pero si muy importante. Y no es menos cierto, que muchas veces el diseño no se adapta a los requerimientos reales del usuario. Se puede enumerar una lista interminable de empresas que no pensaron en testar ideas que creyeron que romperían el mercado. Sin embargo, la realidad fue otra y, es por ello, por lo que hay que conocer y comprender al usuario final de los productos y servicios que se van a diseñar.  Invertir en la investigación del usuario puede suponer un ahorro a largo plazo con productos que se acogen a lo que realmente necesita y desea. Por esto, el objetivo de este trabajo se centra en el diseño de una luminaria que satisfaga los deseos y las necesidades del usuario aplicando herramientas creativas con las que acercarse a las personas y con las que ofrecer un producto final original e interesante para el usuario

Ecodiseño de una marquesina fotovoltaica para fomentar el uso de las energías renovables en empresas

In 2020, more and more companies are seeking to promote the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the policies they implement.  In this regard, the promotion of the use of renewable energies stands out in several articles: goals number 7, 11 and 13, fundamentally. In addition, an increasing number of companies are seeking to provide benefits to their employees, beyond their salaries, through different initiatives, obtaining advantages such as increased productivity. It is in this context of SDGs and initiatives for employees that the market for the photovoltaic canopy proposed in this work is framed. It will be marketed to companies whose interest is to provide their employees with a place where they can leave their vehicles charging during the working day while also promoting the sustainability of the company itself. The canopy is strategically designed to facilitate its transport and installation, reducing its environmental impact in both phases. All the work is framed under the eco-design methodology, editing the materials and geometry to provide added value and reduce its environmental impact.En 2020 cada vez son más las empresas que buscan fomentar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenibles (ODS) en las políticas que implantan.  En este sentido, destaca la promoción del uso de energías renovables en varios artículos: objetivos número 7, 11 y 13, fundamentalmente. Además, cada vez es mayor el número de empresas que buscan dar beneficios a sus empleados, más allá del sueldo, a través de distintas iniciativas obteniendo con ellas ventajas como un aumento en la productividad. Y es en este contexto de ODS y de iniciativas para los empleados, es el que se enmarca el mercado de la marquesina fotovoltaica que se plantea en este trabajo. El marketing de la misma se realizará a empresas cuyo interés sea proporcionar a sus empleados un lugar donde poder dejar sus vehículos cargando durante el día laboral fomentando, además, la sostenibilidad de la propia empresa. La marquesina se diseña estratégicamente para facilitar su transporte e instalación, reduciendo su impacto medioambiental en ambas fases. Todo el trabajo se encuadra bajo la metodología del ecodiseño, editando los materiales y la geometría para que aporten un valor añadido y reduzcan su impacto medioambiental

La importancia de las empresas como patrocinadores de los laboratorios de fabricación (Fab Labs)

Congreso Universitario de Innovación Educativa En las Enseñanzas Técnicas, CUIEET (26º. 2018. Gijón

Kinetics of humoral immune response over 17 months of COVID-19 pandemic in a large cohort of healthcare workers in Spain : the ProHEpiC-19 study

Understanding the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is critical for efficient monitoring and control strategies. The ProHEpic-19 cohort provides a fine-grained description of the kinetics of antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection with an exceptional resolution over 17 months. We established a cohort of 769 healthcare workers including healthy and infected with SARS-CoV-2 in northern Barcelona to determine the kinetics of the IgM against the nucleocapsid (N) and the IgG against the N and spike (S) of SARS-CoV-2 in infected healthcare workers. The study period was from 5 May 2020 to 11 November 2021.We used non-linear mixed models to investigate the kinetics of IgG and IgM measured at nine time points over 17 months from the date of diagnosis. The model included factors of time, gender, and disease severity (asymptomatic, mild-moderate, severe-critical) to assess their effects and their interactions. 474 of the 769 participants (61.6%) became infected with SARS-CoV-2. Significant effects of gender and disease severity were found for the levels of all three antibodies. Median IgM(N) levels were already below the positivity threshold in patients with asymptomatic and mild-moderate disease at day 270 after the diagnosis, while IgG(N and S) levels remained positive at least until days 450 and 270, respectively. Kinetic modelling showed a general rise in both IgM(N) and IgG(N) levels up to day 30, followed by a decay with a rate depending on disease severity. IgG(S) levels remained relatively constant from day 15 over time. IgM(N) and IgG(N, S) SARS-CoV-2 antibodies showed a heterogeneous kinetics over the 17 months. Only the IgG(S) showed a stable increase, and the levels and the kinetics of antibodies varied according to disease severity. The kinetics of IgM and IgG observed over a year also varied by clinical spectrum can be very useful for public health policies around vaccination criteria in adult population. Regional Ministry of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Call COVID19-PoC SLT16_04; NCT04885478). The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07696-6

Mode II fracture energy in the adhesive bonding of dissimilar substrates: carbon fibre composite to aluminium joints

The end-notched flexure (ENF) test calculates the value of mode II fracture energy in adhesive bonding between the substrates of same nature. Traditional methods of calculating fracture energy in the ENF test are not suitable in cases where the thickness of the adhesive is non-negligible compared with adherent thicknesses. To address this issue, a specific methodology for calculating mode II fracture energy has been proposed in this paper. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed method, the fracture energy was calculated by the ENF test for adhesive bonds between aluminium and a composite material, which considered two different types of adhesive (epoxy and polyurethane) and various surface treatments. The proposed calculation model provides higher values of fracture energy than those obtained from the simplified models that consider the adhesive thickness to be zero, supporting the conclusion that the calculation of mode II fracture energy for adhesives with non-negligible thickness relative to their adherents should be based on mathematical models, such as the method proposed in this paper, that incorporate the influence of this thickness

The GenTree Dendroecological Collection, tree-ring and wood density data from seven tree species across Europe

The dataset presented here was collected by the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims to improve the use of forest genetic resources across Europe by better understanding how trees adapt to their local environment. This dataset of individual tree-core characteristics including ring-width series and whole-core wood density was collected for seven ecologically and economically important European tree species: silver birch (Betula pendula), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies), European black poplar (Populus nigra), maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and sessile oak (Quercus petraea). Tree-ring width measurements were obtained from 3600 trees in 142 populations and whole-core wood density was measured for 3098 trees in 125 populations. This dataset covers most of the geographical and climatic range occupied by the selected species. The potential use of it will be highly valuable for assessing ecological and evolutionary responses to environmental conditions as well as for model development and parameterization, to predict adaptability under climate change scenarios

The GenTree Platform: growth traits and tree-level environmental data in 12 European forest tree species

Background: Progress in the field of evolutionary forest ecology has been hampered by the huge challenge of phenotyping trees across their ranges in their natural environments, and the limitation in high-resolution environmental information. Findings: The GenTree Platform contains phenotypic and environmental data from 4,959 trees from 12 ecologically and economically important European forest tree species: Abies alba Mill. (silver fir), Betula pendula Roth. (silver birch), Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech), Picea abies (L.) H. Karst (Norway spruce), Pinus cembra L. (Swiss stone pine), Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine), Pinus nigra Arnold (European black pine), Pinus pinaster Aiton (maritime pine), Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine), Populus nigra L. (European black poplar), Taxus baccata L. (English yew), and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (sessile oak). Phenotypic (height, diameter at breast height, crown size, bark thickness, biomass, straightness, forking, branch angle, fructification), regeneration, environmental in situ measurements (soil depth, vegetation cover, competition indices), and environmental modeling data extracted by using bilinear interpolation accounting for surrounding conditions of each tree (precipitation, temperature, insolation, drought indices) were obtained from trees in 194 sites covering the species’ geographic ranges and reflecting local environmental gradients. Conclusion: The GenTree Platform is a new resource for investigating ecological and evolutionary processes in forest trees. The coherent phenotyping and environmental characterization across 12 species in their European ranges allow for a wide range of analyses from forest ecologists, conservationists, and macro-ecologists. Also, the data here presented can be linked to the GenTree Dendroecological collection, the GenTree Leaf Trait collection, and the GenTree Genomic collection presented elsewhere, which together build the largest evolutionary forest ecology data collection available

Between but not within species variation in the distribution of fitness effects

New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is therefore of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, i.e., whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterised the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence and genetic background. We find statistical support for there being variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and that evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact

La Maqueta como herramienta didáctica del Diseño Industrial = Model as teaching tools of industrial design

ResumenEn el Diseño Industrial las maquetas son unas herramientas didácticas fundamentales porque permiten conocer los objetos tridimensionales de una manera sencilla e intuitiva. Con la ayuda de estos instrumentos se puede conocer el paso intermedio entre la representación de los objetos en dos dimensiones ysu materialización en las tres dimensiones con el fin de analizar el volumen desde todos los puntos de vista. Por otro lado, la amplia gama de materiales y técnicas que pueden emplearse en la realización de las maquetas hacen que esta disciplina sea imprescindible en cualquier programa de Diseño Industrial.En este sentido, como ejemplo práctico del empleo de las maquetas en el Diseño Industrial, se desarrolló una actividad en la “I Feria el Aprendiz de Ingeniero” promovida por la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid que tenía como objetivo fomentar las vocaciones tecnológicas entre los estudiantes de secundaria y que se concluyó con un elevado éxito. AbstractIn the Industrial Design scale models are fundamental teaching tools that allow to know the three-dimensional objects in a simple and intuitive way. With the help of these tools can make the intermediate step between the representation of objects in two dimensions and three dimensions in order to analyze the volume from all points of view. Furthermore, the wide range of materials for use in making models makes them a teaching to be considered in any course of industrial design tools. Finally, as a practical example of the use of models in Industrial Design an activity promoted by the Polytechnic University of Madrid which aimed to promote technological vocations among high school students was developed. This activity ended with a high success

Aula de infantil

Resumen basado en la publicaciónEl Colegio Público El Quijote pertenece al convenio MECD-British Council desde 1996. Esto les supone impartir y desarrollar un currículo integrado de español e inglés desde infantil, 3 años, hasta sexto de primaria, con asesores lingüísticos (nativos), uno por cada ciclo y profesorado especializado en lengua inglesa. En este artículo se relata uno de los proyectos que llevaron a cabo durante el curso 2003-2004 sobre los valores y el arte. El proyecto se integró en los dos idiomas: español e inglés. Los niños son capaces de comunicarse en una segunda lengua si se les ofrece un contexto significativo y creativo, en el que tienen que aportar sus conocimientos y capacidades desde el principio.CataluñaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]