168 research outputs found
Monieux â Coulet des Roches
Identifiant de l'opĂ©ration archĂ©ologique : 8280 Date de l'opĂ©ration : 2007 (SD) Inventeur(s) : CrĂ©gut-Bonnoure Ăvelyne (MUS) Le Coulet des Roches, localisĂ© en bordure des hauts plateaux du Vaucluse (Monieux), est situĂ© Ă un peu plus de 3 km au nord-ouest du village de Sain-Jean-de-Sault. Cet aven sâouvre Ă 788 m dâaltitude, dans une zone karstique riche en cavitĂ©s spĂ©lĂ©ologiques, archĂ©ologiques et palĂ©ontologiques. Il a Ă©tĂ© vidĂ© de son contenu dans les annĂ©es 1970. Sâouvrant directement Ă mĂȘm..
Monieux â Aven Souche
Identifiant de l'opĂ©ration archĂ©ologique : 8266 Date de l'opĂ©ration : 2007 (SD) Inventeur(s) : CrĂ©gut-Bonnoure Ăvelyne (MUS) Lâaven Souche, en bordure des hauts plateaux du Vaucluse, est situĂ© Ă lâouest du village de Monieux, sur le plateau des DĂ©fends. Cet aven sâouvre Ă Â 788 m dâaltitude, dans une zone karstique riche en cavitĂ©s spĂ©lĂ©ologiques, archĂ©ologiques et palĂ©ontologiques. Il avait donnĂ© lieu dans les annĂ©es 1970 Ă un dĂ©but de dĂ©sobstruction au cours de laquelle des ossements humains ..
Biochronologie et grands mammifĂšres au PlĂ©istocĂšne moyen et supĂ©rieur en Europe occidentale : lâapport des genres hemitragus et capra
ReprĂ©sentĂ©s par les genres Hemitragus et Capra, les Caprinae du PlĂ©istocĂšne moyen et supĂ©rieur sont connus par cinq espĂšces de rĂ©partition chronologique diffĂ©rente ayant connu des Ă©volutions rapides : H. bonali, H. cedrensis, C. ibex, C. caucasica, C. pyrenaica. La question de la prĂ©sence de Capra au PlĂ©istocĂšne infĂ©rieur est discutĂ©e et lâhypothĂšse dâune forme primitive dâun Hemitragus aux chevilles osseuses peu comprimĂ©es et allongĂ©es est proposĂ©e. Lâanalyse des caractĂ©ristiques morphomĂ©triques des populations de tahr de la fin du PlĂ©istocĂšne moyen que lâon trouve Ă lâOuest du RhĂŽne montre quâelles reprĂ©sentent la fin du phylum H. bonali et quâelles ne peuvent se confondre avec H. cedrensis. Ce dernier reste une espĂšce particuliĂšre de la rĂ©gion provençale. Les diffĂ©rents rĂ©sultats concernant la position systĂ©matique de C. pyrenaica par rapport Ă C. ibex et C. caucasica montrent un manque de concordance entre la gĂ©nĂ©tique molĂ©culaire, la palĂ©ontologie, les caractĂšres morphologiques et la parasitologie. Ces trois derniĂšres disciplines accrĂ©ditent la filiation C. caucasica-C. pyrenaica.The Caprinae Hemitragus and Capra are represented during the Middle and the Upper Pleistocene by five species: H. bonali, H. cedrensis, C. ibex, C. caucasica, C. pyrenaica. Their chronological repartition is distinct and their evolution is rapid. The existence of Capra during the Lower Pleistocene is under question; the hypothesis of a primitive Hemitragus with slightly compressed and elongated horn cores is proposed. The morphometrical analysis of the tahr populations located on the western area in France at the end of the Middle Pleistocene are attributed to H. bonali, despite resemblances with H. cedrensis. The latter is located only in the Provence area. The filiations of C. pyrenaica with C. ibex or C. caucasica are under question. Molecular genetic, palaeontology, morphology and parasitology results are controversial. The three last studies are concordant with the filiation C. caucasica-C. pyrenaica
The paradise lost of milia (Grevena, greece; late pliocene, early villafranchian, mn15/mn16a): Faunal composition and diversity
(1) Background: Over the last decades, important fossil records of Late Pliocene mammals and reptiles have been unearthed in Milia, Grevena (N Greece). This assemblage shows a remarkable composition and diversity, including the partial skeletons of mastodons that reached record-breaking sizes, abundant rhinosâthe first occurrence of this species in Greeceâand some new species; (2) Methods: We perform a thorough quantitative analysis of the recovered assemblage, presenting the information of the various collection spots in Milia, and calculate various biodiversity indices for each spot; (3) Results: Our research has revealed the vast majority of expected taxa in the assemblage. We argue that the various sub-localities in Milia could be grouped into a larger, composite assemblage representing a short period. We analyze the diversity changes through the various localities in Milia and highlight potential barriers that could affect the distribution of taxa; (4) Conclusions: We re-affirm the Early Villafranchian affinities of the fauna. In particular, Milia should date at MN16a, with a surprising presence of some more archaic, Ruscinian taxa. The fossils of Milia depict a Late Pliocene paradise in the Southern Balkans; a paradise, unfortunately, lost with the onset of the dramatic climate changes of the Quaternary.Fil: Vlachos, Evangelos. Museo PaleontolĂłgico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tsoukala, Evangelia. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; GreciaFil: CrĂ©gut Bonnoure, Evelyne. UniversitĂ© Jean JaurĂšs; FranciaFil: GuĂ©rin, Claude. UniversitĂ© Claude-Bernard-Lyon-1; FranciaFil: Mol, Dick. Natural History Museum Rotterdam; PaĂses Bajo
Le contexte géomorphologique et faunique de l'homme de Montmaurin (Haute-Garonne)
http://pm.revues.org/543National audienceHuit cavités sont visibles dans le karst de Montmaurin, dont la Niche qui a livré des restes humains anténéandertaliens. Grùce aux témoins de cinq nappes alluviales, édifiées par la Garonne et ses affluents, dont les traces sont visibles dans les environs du karst, il est possible de dater le remplissage de ces diverses cavités. Tous sont postérieurs à l'édification de la basse terrasse " mindélienne ". Le recoupement des données géomorphologiques et paléontologiques de la Niche permet d'attribuer ses dépÎts au PléistocÚne moyen et au PléistocÚne supérieur. En effet, les 26 espÚces de mammifÚres identifiées se répartissent en deux assemblages distincts. Celui des niveaux C1 et C3 est caractéristique de la fin du PléistocÚne moyen. Il est contemporain du stade isotopique 7. La couche sommitale B est datée d'une phase froide du PléistocÚne supérieur. L'abondance des carnivores dans les niveaux C1 et C3, jointe aux traces de morsures laissées sur les ossements d'herbivores, permet de privilégier le fonctionnement de repaire de cet ensemble. Il a aussi été un lieu d'hibernation pour l'ours et a été occupé occasionnellement par l'homme
Le contexte gĂ©omorphologique et faunique de lâhomme de Montmaurin (Haute-Garonne)
Huit cavitĂ©s sont visibles dans le karst de Montmaurin, dont la Niche qui a livrĂ© des restes humains antĂ©nĂ©andertaliens. GrĂące aux tĂ©moins de cinq nappes alluviales, Ă©difiĂ©es par la Garonne et ses affluents, dont les traces sont visibles dans les environs du karst, il est possible de dater le remplissage de ces diverses cavitĂ©s. Tous sont postĂ©rieurs Ă lâĂ©dification de la basse terrasse « mindĂ©lienne ». Le recoupement des donnĂ©es gĂ©omorphologiques et palĂ©ontologiques de la Niche permet dâattribuer ses dĂ©pĂŽts au PlĂ©istocĂšne moyen et au PlĂ©istocĂšne supĂ©rieur. En effet, les 26 espĂšces de mammifĂšres identifiĂ©es se rĂ©partissent en deux assemblages distincts. Celui des niveaux C1 et C3 est caractĂ©ristique de la fin du PlĂ©istocĂšne moyen. Il est contemporain du stade isotopique 7. La couche sommitale B est datĂ©e dâune phase froide du PlĂ©istocĂšne supĂ©rieur. Lâabondance des carnivores dans les niveaux C1 et C3, jointe aux traces de morsures laissĂ©es sur les ossements dâherbivores, permet de privilĂ©gier le fonctionnement de repaire de cet ensemble. Il a aussi Ă©tĂ© un lieu dâhibernation pour lâours et a Ă©tĂ© occupĂ© occasionnellement par lâhomme.Eight cavities are visible in the Montmaurin karst, of which La Niche provided pre-Neanderthal remains. Thanks to evidence from five alluvial layers, formed by the Garonne River and its tributaries and whose tracks are visible around the karst, it is possible to date the filling of these diverse caves. All of them post-date the deposition of the lower-most âmindelianâ terrace. The combination of geomorphological and paleontological data from La Niche allows the attribution of its deposits to the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. Indeed, the 25 mammalian species identified group into two different assemblages. The fauna from layer C, levels C1 and C3, shows features from the end of the Middle Pleistocene, dating probably to MIS 7. The top layer, B, is attributable to a cold episode of the Upper Pleistocene. The abundance of carnivores in levels C1 and C3, along with the marks left on the herbivore bones, strongly suggests the site was used as a carnivore den. It was also used for hibernation by cave bears and briefly occupied by humans
Le contexte gĂ©omorphologique et faunique de lâhomme de Montmaurin (Haute-Garonne)
Huit cavitĂ©s sont visibles dans le karst de Montmaurin, dont la Niche qui a livrĂ© des restes humains antĂ©nĂ©andertaliens. GrĂące aux tĂ©moins de cinq nappes alluviales, Ă©difiĂ©es par la Garonne et ses affluents, dont les traces sont visibles dans les environs du karst, il est possible de dater le remplissage de ces diverses cavitĂ©s. Tous sont postĂ©rieurs Ă lâĂ©dification de la basse terrasse « mindĂ©lienne ». Le recoupement des donnĂ©es gĂ©omorphologiques et palĂ©ontologiques de la Niche permet dâattribuer ses dĂ©pĂŽts au PlĂ©istocĂšne moyen et au PlĂ©istocĂšne supĂ©rieur. En effet, les 26 espĂšces de mammifĂšres identifiĂ©es se rĂ©partissent en deux assemblages distincts. Celui des niveaux C1 et C3 est caractĂ©ristique de la fin du PlĂ©istocĂšne moyen. Il est contemporain du stade isotopique 7. La couche sommitale B est datĂ©e dâune phase froide du PlĂ©istocĂšne supĂ©rieur. Lâabondance des carnivores dans les niveaux C1 et C3, jointe aux traces de morsures laissĂ©es sur les ossements dâherbivores, permet de privilĂ©gier le fonctionnement de repaire de cet ensemble. Il a aussi Ă©tĂ© un lieu dâhibernation pour lâours et a Ă©tĂ© occupĂ© occasionnellement par lâhomme.Eight cavities are visible in the Montmaurin karst, of which La Niche provided pre-Neanderthal remains. Thanks to evidence from five alluvial layers, formed by the Garonne River and its tributaries and whose tracks are visible around the karst, it is possible to date the filling of these diverse caves. All of them post-date the deposition of the lower-most âmindelianâ terrace. The combination of geomorphological and paleontological data from La Niche allows the attribution of its deposits to the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. Indeed, the 25 mammalian species identified group into two different assemblages. The fauna from layer C, levels C1 and C3, shows features from the end of the Middle Pleistocene, dating probably to MIS 7. The top layer, B, is attributable to a cold episode of the Upper Pleistocene. The abundance of carnivores in levels C1 and C3, along with the marks left on the herbivore bones, strongly suggests the site was used as a carnivore den. It was also used for hibernation by cave bears and briefly occupied by humans
Neanderthal selective hunting of reindeer? The case study of Abri du Maras (south-eastern France)
Fieldwork was supported by the Regional Office of Archaeology RhĂŽne-Alpes, the French Ministry of Culture and Communication and the ArdĂšche Department through several scientific programs. M.G.Chacon, F. Rivals and E. AlluĂ© research are funded by âCERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunyaâ. Thanks to Jean-Jacques Hublin, Annabell Reiner and Steven Steinbrenner from the Max Planck Institute (MPI-EVA) for analytical support (isotope analysis). We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive remarks on this manuscript. The English manuscript was edited by L. Byrne, an official translator and native English speaker.Peer reviewedPostprin
Los Batanes: A trap for the Pyrenean wild goat during the Late Pleistocene (Spain)
Los Batanes cave (1025 m.a.s.l.) is a karstic system formed by pressure ducts, near the locality of Biescas in the Upper Gallego Valley (Huesca, Spain). Many fossil remains were retrieved from the cave sediments. The minimum sediment calendar age was determined to be 12.770 ± 60 BP. This date indicates that the deposit was formed before the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene transition at the Pyrenees. Here we analyze the faunal assemblage of the site that is only conformed by remains of Pyrenean wild goat (Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica), which is a recently extinct subspecies of Iberian wild goat (C. pyrenaica). In the site, 1079 remains of Iberian wild goat have been recovered being one of the most numerous both in minimum number of individuals (MNI) and number of identified specimens (NISP) recovered until now in a natural trap in the Spanish Pyrenees. The population of Los Batanes shows a wide range of ages between juvenile and senile individuals and the MNI estimated from the number of right metatarsus is nine. The taphonomic features indicate that the cave acted as a trap for the goats which inhabited the vicinity of the cave. These goats probably stumbled and fell to the bottom of the pit and they could not get out, dying inside. Due to the origin of the accumulation numerous complete bones have been recovered. These fossil allow us to perform a biometric analysis that indicates that population of Los Batanes is in the range size of other goats from Late Pleistocene of Iberian Peninsula
Diverse responses of common vole (Microtus arvalis) populations to Late Glacial and Early Holocene climate changes â Evidence from ancient DNA
The harsh climatic conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period have been considered the cause of local extinctions and major faunal reorganizations that took place at the end of the Pleistocene. Recent studies have shown, however, that in addition many of these ecological events were associated with abrupt climate changes during the so-called Late Glacial and the Pleistocene/Holocene transition. Here we used ancient DNA to investigate the impact of those changes on European populations of temperate vole species (Microtus arvalis). The genetic diversity of modern populations and the fossil record suggests that the species may have survived cold episodes, like LGM, not only in the traditional Mediterranean glacial refugia but also at higher latitudes in cryptic northern refugia located in Central France, the northern Alps as well as the Carpathians. However, the details of the post-glacial recolonization and the impact of the Late Glacial and Early Holocene climate changes on the evolutionary history of the common vole remains unclear. To address this issue, we analysed mtDNA cytochrome b sequences from more than one hundred common vole specimens from 36 paleontological and archaeological sites scattered across Europe. Our data suggest that populations from the European mid- and high latitudes suffered a local population extinction and contraction as a result of Late Glacial and Early Holocene climate and environmental changes. The recolonization of earlier abandoned areas took place in the Mid- to Late Holocene. In contrast, at low latitudes, in Northern Spain there was a continuity of common vole populations. This indicates different responses of common vole populations to climate and environmental changes across Europe and corroborates the hypothesis that abrupt changes, like those associated with Younger Dryas and the Pleistocene/Holocene transition, had a significant impact on populations at the mid- and high latitudes of Europe
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