Physicochemical and biological characterization of Ti6Al4V particles obtained by implantoplasty: an in vitro study. Part I.

Implantoplasty is a mechanical decontamination technique that consists of polishing the supra-osseous component of the dental implant with peri-implantitis. This technique releases metal particles in the form of metal swarf and dust into the peri-implant environment. In the present in vitro study, the following physicochemical characterization tests were carried out: specific surface area, granulometry, contact angle, crystalline structure, morphology, and ion release. Besides, cytotoxicity was in turn evaluated by determining the fibroblastic and osteoblastic cell viability. As a result, the metal debris obtained by implantoplasty presented an equivalent diameter value of 159 µm (range 6-1850 µm) and a specific surface area of 0.3 m2/g on average. The particle had a plate-like shape of different sizes. The release of vanadium ions in Hank's solution at 37 °C showed no signs of stabilization and was greater than that of titanium and aluminum ions, which means that the alloy suffers from a degradation. The particles exhibited cytotoxic effects upon human osteoblastic and fibroblastic cells in the whole extract. In conclusion, metal debris released by implantoplasty showed different sizes, surface structures and shapes. Vanadium ion levels were higher than that those of the other metal ions, and cell viability assays showed that these particles produce a significant loss of cytocompatibility on osteoblasts and fibroblasts, which means that the main cells of the peri-implant tissues might be injured

Evaluation of the inflammatory and osteogenic response induced by titanium particles released during implantoplasty of dental implants

Implantoplasty is a mechanical decontamination technique that consists of removing the threads and polishing and smoothing the dental implant surface. During implantoplasty there is a large release of titanium metal particles that might provoke a proinflammatory response and reduce the viability of osteogenic cells. We analyze the inflammatory and osteogenic response induced by Ti6Al4V particles released during implantoplasty and by as-received commercially pure Ti particles. Macrophages stimulated with metal particles obtained by implantoplasty and with as-received Ti particles showed an increased proinflammatory expression of TNF-alpha and a decreased expression of TGF-beta and CD206. Regarding cytokine release, there was an increase in IL-1 beta, while IL-10 decreased. The osteogenic response of Ti6Al4V extracts showed a significant decrease in Runx2 and OC expression compared to the controls and commercially pure Ti extracts. There were no relevant changes in ALP activity. Thus, implantoplasty releases metal particles that seems to induce a pro-inflammatory response and reduce the expression of osteogenic markers

Avaliação genética de progênies de meio-irmãos de Eucalyptus urophylla utilizando os procedimentos REML/BLUP e E(QM).

Five progeny tests with half-sibs Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake were evaluated. Four 4 of them were from provenances Indonesia and one of them from Brazil. It was used the REML/ BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood / best linear unbiased prediction) procedures and the minimum square method for the estimation of genetic values. The tests were established separately according to the origin, in a complete randomized block design, with five replications and row plots of six plants in 3.0 x 2.0 meter spacing in Guanhães, Minas Gerais State. When the plants were 58 months-old for the characteristics of diameter at breast height (DAP), the five evaluated tests showed standard species values, besides presenting significant genetic variability by the F test at 1% of probability. The coefficients of additive genetic variation presented greater values in the TP-71 test from Wetar and TP-68 from Alor, and presented similar values in other tests for the diameter at breast height (DAP) characteristic. Selection gains were estimated at values of 12.8; 22.9; 9.5; 21.0 and 25.3%, and the effective population size (Ne) at values of 60.2; 58.0; 131.8; 167.9 and 224.1 for the TP-67, TP-68, TP-69, TP-70 and TP-71 tests, respectively. A selection gain of 26.8 % was obtained in the clonal seed orchard with selection of 21 plants that were carriers of the greatest additive genetic values. In both procedures, the values of the genetic parameters were similar, except among families, in which the  REML procedure em obtained higher values with accuracy higher than 70% in all populations, proving to be appropriate for this purpose.Realizou-se avaliação genética em cinco testes de progênies de meio-irmãos de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake procedentes da Indonésia, com o uso dos procedimentos REML/BLUP (máxima verossimilhaça restrita/melhor predição linear não-viesada) e pelo método dos quadrados mínimos E (QM). Os ensaios foram estabelecidos separadamente por procedência, sendo o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e parcelas lineares de seis plantas, no espaçamento 3,0 x 2,0 metros, em Guanhães, MG. Nos cinco testes avaliados aos 58 meses de idade, para a característica diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), apresentaram valores dentro dos padrões da espécie, além de exibir variabilidade genética significativa, pelo teste F a 1% de probabilidade. Os coeficientes de variação genética aditiva apresentaram valores maiores no teste TP-71 originado de Wetar e no TP-68 originado de Alor, e nos outros testes apresentaram valores similares para a característica diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP). Os ganhos de seleção foram estimados na ordem de 12,8; 22,9; 9,5; 21,0 e 25,3% e tamanho efetivo populacional (Ne) na ordem de 60,2; 58,0; 131,8; 167,9 e 224,1 para ao testes TP-67, TP-68, TP-69, TP-70 e TP-71 respectivamente. O ganho de seleção no Pomar de Sementes Clonal (PSC) foi de 26,8 % com a seleção dos 21 indivíduos portadores dos maiores valores genéticos aditivos. Nos dois procedimentos, máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML) e esperança de quadrados mínimos E(QM), os valores dos parâmetros genéticos foram semelhantes, exceto entre familias, em que o procedimento REML proporcionou valores mais elevados com acurácia superior a 70% em todas as populações, mostrando-se como ferramenta apropriada para esse fim

Transferência Tecnológica na Pecuária Leiteira: um estudo sob o enfoque dos produtores das Regiões do Vale do Mucuri (MG) e do Extremo Sul da Bahia

Although technology plays a prominent role in the competitiveness of Brazilian agriculture, there are segments and regions located on the fringes of development due to low productivity and poverty due to the low technological support existing in rural production units. This survey research applied to 20 producers aimed to diagnose the perception of these agents regarding the main conditions associated with the phenomenon of technology transfer to milk production units in the towns of Vale do Mucuri (MG) and the far south of Bahia. It is evidenced that although producers have a favorable disposition to adopt technologies and consider it a relevant production factor for dairy farming, other conditions are not favorable to the achievement of technology transfer and denote weaknesses existing in this process. It was also found that there are no significant differences in the perception of producers regarding the conditions depending on the location and size of their respective production units.Embora a tecnologia desempenhe papel de destaque para a competitividade da agropecuária brasileira, existem segmentos e regiões situados à margem do desenvolvimento em função da baixa produtividade e da pobreza em decorrência do reduzido aporte tecnológico existente nas unidades produtivas rurais. Esta investigação do tipo survey aplicado a 20 produtores teve como objetivo diagnosticar a percepção desses agentes frente às principais condicionantes associadas ao fenômeno da transferência de tecnologia para unidades de produção de leite das localidades do Vale do Mucuri (MG) e do Extremo Sul da Bahia. Ficou evidenciado que, embora os produtores tenham disposição favorável para adotarem tecnologias e a considerem um relevante fator de produção para a pecuária leiteira, outras condicionantes não se mostram favoráveis à concretização da transferência de tecnologia e denotam fraquezas existentes nesse processo. Foi constatado também que inexistem diferenças significativas de percepção dos produtores frente às condicionantes em função da localidade e do tamanho de suas respectivas unidades de produção

Importance and challenges of health surveillance in an international border region: a case study

The objective of this article was to identify the main challenges of promoting health surveillance in a triple border region of the Brazilian legal Amazon. A single explanatory case study was carried out, with a qualitative approach, which used documentary data and interviews. The results demonstrate that health surveillance is essential for disease control in the studied region. In addition, the differences between the health systems of the three countries that make up the triple border (Brazil, Colombia, and Peru) showed to be the main challenge for establishing health policies.O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar os principais desafios da promoção da vigilância em saúde em uma região de tríplice fronteira da Amazônia Legal brasileira. Foi realizado um estudo de caso único, explicativo, com abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou dados documentais e entrevistas. Os resultados demonstram que a vigilância em saúde é fundamental para o controle de doenças na região. Além disso, as diferenças dos sistemas de saúde dos três países que compõem a tríplice fronteira (Brasil, Colômbia e Peru) se mostraram o principal desafio para o estabelecimento de políticas sanitárias

GENETIC EVALUATION OF HALF-SIB Eucalyptus urophylla PROGENIES BY THE REML/BLUP AND MINIMUM SQUARES PROCEDURE

Realizou-se avalia\ue7\ue3o gen\ue9tica em cinco testes de prog\ueanies de meio-irm\ue3os de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake procedentes da Indon\ue9sia, com o uso dos procedimentos REML/BLUP (m\ue1xima verossimilha\ue7a restrita/melhor predi\ue7\ue3o linear n\ue3o-viesada) e pelo m\ue9todo dos quadrados m\uednimos E (QM). Os ensaios foram estabelecidos separadamente por proced\ueancia, sendo o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com cinco repeti\ue7\uf5es e parcelas lineares de seis plantas, no espa\ue7amento 3,0 x 2,0 metros, em Guanh\ue3es, MG. Nos cinco testes avaliados aos 58 meses de idade, para a caracter\uedstica di\ue2metro \ue0 altura do peito (DAP), apresentaram valores dentro dos padr\uf5es da esp\ue9cie, al\ue9m de exibir variabilidade gen\ue9tica significativa, pelo teste F a 1% de probabilidade. Os coeficientes de varia\ue7\ue3o gen\ue9tica aditiva apresentaram valores maiores no teste TP-71 originado de Wetar e no TP-68 originado de Alor, e nos outros testes apresentaram valores similares para a caracter\uedstica di\ue2metro \ue0 altura do peito (DAP).Os ganhos de sele\ue7\ue3o foram estimados na ordem de 12,8; 22,9; 9,5; 21,0 e 25,3% e tamanho efetivo populacional (Ne) na ordem de 60,2; 58,0; 131,8; 167,9 e 224,1 para ao testes TP-67, TP-68, TP-69, TP-70 e TP-71 respectivamente. O ganho de sele\ue7\ue3o no Pomar de Sementes Clonal (PSC) foi de 26,8 % com a sele\ue7\ue3o dos 21 indiv\uedduos portadores dos maiores valores gen\ue9ticos aditivos. Nos dois procedimentos, m\ue1xima verossimilhan\ue7a restrita (REML) e esperan\ue7a de quadrados m\uednimos E(QM), os valores dos par\ue2metros gen\ue9ticos foram semelhantes, exceto entre familias, em que o procedimento REML proporcionou valores mais elevados com acur\ue1cia superior a 70% em todas as popula\ue7\uf5es, mostrando-se como ferramenta apropriada para esse fim.Five progeny tests with half-sibs Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake were evaluated. Four 4 of them were from provenances Indonesia and one of them from Brazil. It was used the REML/ BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood / best linear unbiased prediction) procedures and the minimum square method for the estimation of genetic values. The tests were established separately according to the origin, in a complete randomized block design, with five replications and row plots of six plants in 3.0 x 2.0 meter spacing in Guanh\ue3es, Minas Gerais State. When the plants were 58 months-old for the characteristics of diameter at breast height (DAP), the five evaluated tests showed standard species values, besides presenting significant genetic variability by the F test at 1% of probability. The coefficients of additive genetic variation presented greater values in the TP-71 test from Wetar and TP-68 from Alor, and presented similar values in other tests for the diameter at breast height (DAP) characteristic. Selection gains were estimated at values of 12.8; 22.9; 9.5; 21.0 and 25.3%, and the effective population size (Ne) at values of 60.2; 58.0; 131.8; 167.9 and 224.1 for the TP-67, TP-68, TP-69, TP-70 and TP-71 tests, respectively. A selection gain of 26.8 % was obtained in the clonal seed orchard with selection of 21 plants that were carriers of the greatest additive genetic values. In both procedures, the values of the genetic parameters were similar, except among families, in which the REML procedure em obtained higher values with accuracy higher than 70% in all populations, proving to be appropriate for this purpose

Characterization of recombinant inbred lines and QTL mapping associated to the cycle and yield of common bean

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar 154 linhagens endogâmicas recombinantes por meio da avaliação de características quantitativas, morfológicas, moleculares e de resistência a doenças e mapear locos de características quantitativas associados a ciclo e produtividade do feijoeiro-comum. Adotando o valor do limite de detecção (LOD) de 4,0 e uma freqüência máxima de recombinação de 0,40, foram mapeados 43 marcadores em nove grupos de ligação cobrindo uma distância de recombinação total de 247,8 cM. A distância entre marcadores adjacentes variou entre 0 e 28 cM, com média de 7,3 cM. Os grupos de ligação variaram em tamanho de 2,3 a 61,2 cM. Os genes de resistência à ferrugem e à antracnose ficaram localizados no mesmo grupo de ligação. Foram mapeados locos associados às oito características quantitativas estudadas, e a explicação da variância fenotípica pelos marcadores variou de 14,03% a 40,14%. Os resultados encontrados lançam bases para o desenvolvimento de mapas específicos saturados e de utilidade em programas de melhoramento do feijoeiro-comum.The objectives of this work were to characterize 154 recombinant inbred lines of common bean by evaluation of quantitative, morphologic, molecular and disease resistance characteristics and to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated to the cycle and production of common bean. Using a LOD score of 4.0 and a recombination frequency of 0.40, 43 markers were mapped into nine linkage groups, covering a total recombination distance of 247.8 cM. The distance between adjacent markers varied between 0 and 28 cM with average of 7.3 cM. The linkage groups size varied between 2.3 and 61.2 cM. The anthracnose and rust resistance genes were mapped in the same linkage group. QTL associated to the eight quantitative characteristics were mapped. The phenotypic variance explained by the QTL varied between 14.03% and 40.14%. The results obtained are the basis for the development of specific saturated maps to be used in common bean programs

Successful Leptogenesis in SO(10) Unification with a Left-Right Symmetric Seesaw Mechanism

We study thermal leptogenesis in a broad class of supersymmetric SO(10) models with a left-right symmetric seesaw mechanism, taking into account flavour effects and the contribution of the next-to-lightest right-handed neutrino supermultiplet. Assuming M_D = M_u and a normal hierarchy of light neutrino masses, we show that four out of the eight right-handed neutrino mass spectra reconstructed from low-energy neutrino data can lead to successful leptogenesis with a reheating temperature in the (10^9 - 10^10) GeV range. In the remaining four solutions, leptogenesis is dominated by N_2 decays, as in the type I seesaw case. We find that some of these spectra can generate the observed baryon asymmetry for reheating temperatures above 10^10 GeV, in contrast to the type I case. Together with flavour effects, an accurate description of charged fermion masses turns out to be a crucial ingredient in the analysis.Comment: 32 pages, 23 figures. v2: 2 comments [below Eq. (53) and at the end of the conclusions] and 1 reference added, typos corrected. Version to be published in Nucl. Phys.