CONTROLE DE DEMANDA DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA

Este projeto tem como objetivo estudar o gerenciamento da energia elétrica, demonstrando porque este procedimento vem se tornando uma necessidade para as empresas interessadas em reduzir custos. São enfocadas neste projeto as principais características dos sistemas tarifários, importantes para a análise das contas de energia. Abordam-se também os principais aspectos que devem ser considerados na avaliação de sistemas de gerenciamento. Os principais pontos de preocupação por parte das diversas unidades consumidoras, e que ocasionam a procura pelo estudo aqui descrito são: o aumento das multas e ajustes de tarifas cobrados pelas concessionárias, necessidade de aumento da produtividade através da diminuição de interrupções e acréscimo da vida útil dos equipamentos instalados nas subestações

academic discipline

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Enhanced spin current transmissivity in Pt/ CoFe2 O4 bilayers with thermally induced interfacial magnetic modification

We report on processes of generation of spin current and conversion into charge current in CoFe2O4/Pt bilayers by means of spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and spin Seebeck effect (SSE) experiments. Specifically, we explore (001) full-textured CoFe2O4 (CFO) thin films grown onto (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates, covered with Pt layers deposited under two different conditions: one at room temperature and another at high temperature (400°C). The x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements indicate that the Pt layer deposited at high temperature induces an interfacial magneticlike phase (Fe,Co)-Pt alloy, which influences the magnetic behavior of the structure and is responsible for the enhancement of the spin transmission at the interface. By analyzing the SMR data, we conclude that collinear and noncollinear magnetic domains coexist at the CFO-(Fe,Co)-Pt interface. By combining the data from the SMR and SSE measurements, we obtain the ratios between the values of the spin Hall angle (θSH) and between the ones of the spin-mixing conductance (geff↑↓) in the two samples. We demonstrate that while the value of θSH decreases by one-half with the heat treatment, the value of geff↑↓ increases by more than one order of magnitude. We interpret the increase of geff↑↓ in terms of unexpected magnetic reconstructions, which produce an enhancement of the magnetic moment arisen at the interface. Since the spin-mixing conductance determines the efficiency of the spin current transmission through the interface, the spinel ferrite cobalt in contact with a normal metal with a suitable heat treatment becomes a promising material for spintronics device applications.This research was supported in Brazil by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Promoção da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN), Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Grant No. 2022/04496-0; and in Chile by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) Grant No. 1210641 and FONDEQUIP EQM180103. Ministerio de Ciencia, Universidades e Investigación (SPAIN) (Grants No. PID2020-118479RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and No. TED2021-129857B-I00. The authors acknowledge support of the INCT of Spintronics and Advanced Magnetic Nanostructures (INCT-SpinNanoMag), CNPq 406836/ 2022–1.With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S).Peer reviewe

Red (660 nm) and infrared (830 nm) low-level laser therapy in skeletal muscle fatigue in humans: what is better?

In animal and clinical trials low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using red, infrared and mixed wavelengths has been shown to delay the development of skeletal muscle fatigue. However, the parameters employed in these studies do not allow a conclusion as to which wavelength range is better in delaying the development of skeletal muscle fatigue. With this perspective in mind, we compared the effects of red and infrared LLLT on skeletal muscle fatigue. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial was performed in ten healthy male volunteers. They were treated with active red LLLT, active infrared LLLT (660 or 830 nm, 50 mW, 17.85 W/cm2, 100 s irradiation per point, 5 J, 1,785 J/cm2 at each point irradiated, total 20 J irradiated per muscle) or an identical placebo LLLT at four points of the biceps brachii muscle for 3 min before exercise (voluntary isometric elbow flexion for 60 s). The mean peak force was significantly greater (p < 0.05) following red (12.14%) and infrared LLLT (14.49%) than following placebo LLLT, and the mean average force was also significantly greater (p < 0.05) following red (13.09%) and infrared LLLT (13.24%) than following placebo LLLT. There were no significant differences in mean average force or mean peak force between red and infrared LLLT. We conclude that both red than infrared LLLT are effective in delaying the development skeletal muscle fatigue and in enhancement of skeletal muscle performance. Further studies are needed to identify the specific mechanisms through which each wavelength acts

Chromosome evolution in Cophomantini (Amphibia, Anura, Hylinae)

The hylid tribe Cophomantini is a diverse clade of Neotropical treefrogs composed of the genera Aplastodiscus, Boana, Bokermannohyla, Hyloscirtus, and Myersiohyla. The phylogenetic relationships of Cophomantini have been comprehensively reviewed in the literature, providing a suitable framework for the study of chromosome evolution. Employing different banding techniques, we studied the chromosomes of 25 species of Boana and 3 of Hyloscirtus; thus providing, for the first time, data for Hyloscirtus and for 15 species of Boana. Most species showed karyotypes with 2n = 2x = 24 chromosomes; some species of the B. albopunctata group have 2n = 2x = 22, and H. alytolylax has 2n = 2x = 20. Karyotypes are all bi-armed in most species presented, with the exception of H. larinopygion (FN = 46) and H. alytolylax (FN = 38), with karyotypes that have a single pair of small telocentric chromosomes. In most species of Boana, NORs are observed in a single pair of chromosomes, mostly in the small chromosomes, although in some species of the B. albopunctata, B. pulchella, and B. semilineata groups, this marker occurs on the larger pairs 8, 1, and 7, respectively. In Hyloscirtus, NOR position differs in the three studied species: H. alytolylax (4p), H. palmeri (4q), and H. larinopygion (1p). Heterochromatin is a variable marker that could provide valuable evidence, but it would be necesserary to understand the molecular composition of the C-bands that are observed in different species in order to test its putative homology. In H. alytolylax, a centromeric DAPI+ band was observed on one homologue of chromosome pair 2. The band was present in males but absent in females, providing evidence for an XX/XY sex determining system in this species. We review and discuss the importance of the different chromosome markers (NOR position, C-bands, and DAPI/CMA3 patterns) for their impact on the taxonomy and karyotype evolution in Cophomantini

Genetic analyses of the electrocardiographic QT interval and its components identify additional loci and pathways

The QT interval is an electrocardiographic measure representing the sum of ventricular depolarization and repolarization, estimated by QRS duration and JT interval, respectively. QT interval abnormalities are associated with potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmia. Using genome-wide multi-ancestry analyses (&gt;250,000 individuals) we identify 177, 156 and 121 independent loci for QT, JT and QRS, respectively, including a male-specific X-chromosome locus. Using gene-based rare-variant methods, we identify associations with Mendelian disease genes. Enrichments are observed in established pathways for QT and JT, and previously unreported genes indicated in insulin-receptor signalling and cardiac energy metabolism. In contrast for QRS, connective tissue components and processes for cell growth and extracellular matrix interactions are significantly enriched. We demonstrate polygenic risk score associations with atrial fibrillation, conduction disease and sudden cardiac death. Prioritization of druggable genes highlight potential therapeutic targets for arrhythmia. Together, these results substantially advance our understanding of the genetic architecture of ventricular depolarization and repolarization