Refugee-Led Organizations and the Obstacles They Face: A Comparative Study of Syria Bright Future and the Bhutanese Community Association of Pittsburgh

In the nexus of our collective history, it has been recorded that human-induced political and social conflicts play a powerful role in displacing millions of people. The social insecurity produced by conflict persists long after they have ended, as refugees adjust to new circumstances, cope with loss, and attempt to regain a sense of normalcy. This study focuses on two distinct refugee-led organizations, namely a Syrian and a Bhutanese organization. These organizations operate in distinct stages of resettlement, in different parts of the world—one in a state of emergency, the other in resettlement in the United States. However, both organizations share a grassroots community organizing paradigm to address lingering stigma with regards to mental illness. The methods utilized in this study were based on qualitative data sources that stem from interviews with refugee-led organization directors, volunteers, and community partners. Qualitative data, in conjunction with empirical evidence from the field, serve to provide a panoramic view of how refugee-led organizations operate. The findings of this study reveal that the success of refugee-led organizations in their attempts to eliminate the stigma of mental illness, by using community programming and programming evaluations as their main tools, are intricately tied to the amount of human and social capital refugee-led organizations hold within their community and through its members. This paper concludes by emphasizing the complementary nature of community-based programs and international humanitarian aid agencies, suggesting that the combination of both offer a more comprehensive approach to addressing mental health needs of refugee communities

Análise de viabilidade operacional para a Geração de Energia Fotovoltaica no norte de Antioquia, Colômbia

Through spatial evaluation, the identification of climatic variables and the use of spatial analysis programs such as ArcGIS, Google Earth PRO feasibility was possible economic, technical and spatial for the evaluation of a photovoltaic generation project in the municipality of Caucasia, Antioquia (Colombia). To this end, it was taken into account that the generation of clean energy in Colombia, as a market little exploited and with a low level of competition, requires the implementation of new laws for the reduction in the production of greenhouse gases as referred to in resolution CREG- 030 of 2018, which regulates the generation of small-scale energy, in which small producers are favored of renewable energies, facilitating the sale of the energy produced to traders in Colombia. With the entry into force of new global policies for clean energy generation, this market little exploited, as these national policies are implemented and international, it becomes more attractive to investors. For the implementation and enforcement of these new regulations, it is important the feasibility evaluation of this type of project in terms of improvement and useful life of the same.Mediante la evaluación espacial, la identificación de las variables climáticas y el uso de programas de análisis espacial como ArcGIS, Google Earth PRO fue posible la viabilidad económica, técnica y espacial para la evaluación de un proyecto de generación fotovoltaica en el municipio de Caucasia, Antioquia (Colombia). Para tal fin, se tuvo en cuenta que la generación de energías limpias en Colombia, como un mercado poco explotado y con un nivel de competencia bajo, requiere de la implementación de nuevas leyes para la disminución en la producción de gases de efecto invernadero como lo refiere la resolución CREG-030 de 2018, la cual regula la generación de energía a pequeña escala, en la cual se favorece a pequeños productores de energías renovables, facilitando la venta de la energía producida a los comercializadores en Colombia. Con la entrada en vigor de nuevas políticas mundiales para la generación de energías limpias, este mercado poco explotado, a medida que se implementan estas políticas nacionales e internacionales, se hace más atractivo para los inversionistas. Para la implementación y aplicación de estas nuevas regulaciones, es importante la evaluación de viabilidad de este tipo de proyectos en cuanto mejoramiento y vida útil de los mismos.Através da avaliação espacial, a identificação de variáveis climáticas e o uso de programas de análise espacial como ArcGIS, Google A viabilidade do Earth PRO foi possível econômico, técnico e espacial para a avaliação de um projeto de geração fotovoltaica no município de Cáucaso, Antioquia (Colômbia). Para isso, levou-se em conta que a geração de energia limpa na Colômbia, como mercado pouco explorado e com baixo nível de competição, exige a implementação de novas leis para a redução a produção de gases de efeito estufa de que trata a resolução CREG-030 de 2018, que regulamenta a geração de energia de pequena escala, em que os pequenos produtores são favorecidos de energias renováveis, facilitando a venda da energia produzida a comerciantes na Colômbia. Com a entrada em vigor de novos políticas globais de geração de energia limpa, esse mercado pouco exploradas, pois essas políticas nacionais são implementadas e internacional, torna-se mais atraente para os investidores. Para a implementação e aplicação destes novos regulamentos, é importante a avaliação de viabilidade deste tipo de empreendimento em termos de melhoria e vida útil do mesmo

Differential Viral-Host Immune Interactions Associated with Oseltamivir-Resistant H275Y and Wild-Type H1N1 A(pdm09) Influenza Virus Pathogenicity

Oseltamivir is a common therapy against influenza A virus (IAV) infections. The acquisition of oseltamivir resistance (OR) mutations, such as H275Y, hampers viral fitness. However, OR H1N1 viruses have demonstrated the ability to spread throughout different populations. The objective of this work was to compare the fitness of two strains of OR (R6 and R7) containing the H275Y mutation, and a wild-type (F) pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (pdm09) virus both in vitro and in vivo in mice and to select one OR strain for a comparison with F in ferrets. R6 showed faster replication and pathogenicity than R7 in vitro and in mice. Subsequently, R6 was selected for the fitness comparison with the F strain in ferrets. Ferrets infected with the F virus showed more severe clinical signs, histopathological lung lesions, and viral quantification when compared to OR R6-infected animals. More importantly, differential viral kinetics correlated with differential pro-inflammatory host immune responses in the lungs of infected ferrets, where OR-infected animals developed a protective higher expression of type I IFN and Retinoid acid Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) genes early after infection, resulting in the development of milder disease. These results suggest the presence of early specific viral-host immune interactions relevant in the development of influenza-associated lung pathology.This work was funded by the coordinated project RTA 2011-00111-C03 of the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (“Programa especial de investigación sobre la gripe pandémica” GR09/0023, GR09/0040, GR09/0039), and by the Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària (SDPV) of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. This work was also partially funded by the CERCA program from Generalitat de Catalunya

Estrus cyclicity of spinogenesis: underlying mechanisms

Hippocampal spine density varies with the estrus cycle. The cyclic change in estradiol levels in serum was hypothesized to underlie this phenomenon, since treatment of ovariectomized animals with estradiol induced an increase in spine density in hippocampal dendrites of rats, as compared to ovariectomized controls. In contrast, application of estradiol to hippocampal slice cultures did not promote spinogenesis. In addressing this discrepancy, we found that hippocampal neurons themselves are capable of synthesizing estradiol de novo. Estradiol synthesis can be suppressed by aromatase inhibitors and by knock-down of Steroid Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) and enhanced by substrates of steroidogenesis. Expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and synaptic proteins, synaptogenesis, and long-term potentiation (LTP) correlated positively with aromatase activity in hippocampal cultures without any difference between genders. All effects due to inhibition of aromatase activity were rescued by application of estradiol to the cultures. Most importantly, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) increased estradiol synthesis dose-dependently via an aromatase-mediated mechanism and consistently increased spine synapse density and spinophilin expression. As a consequence, our data suggest that cyclic fluctuations in spine synapse density result from pulsative release of GnRH from the hypothalamus and its effect on hippocampal estradiol synthesis, rather than from varying levels of serum estradiol. This hypothesis is further supported by higher GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) density in the hippocampus than in the cortex and hypothalamus and the specificity of estrus cyclicity of spinogenesis in the hippocampus, as compared to the cortex

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Abejas y abejorros

En el presente apartado, se brinda una descripción típica de las abejas silvestres encontradas en Gorgona y se ofrece una breve reseña de su historia natural.Fil: Gonzalez Cordoba, Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; ArgentinaFil: James Montoya, Lerma. Universidad del Valle; Colombi

Masculinity in Colombian police officers

En este trabajo de grado se busca describir la experiencia de masculinidad a través de la historia de vida de hombres pertenecientes a la Policía Nacional de Colombia. Para ello se tuvieron en cuenta: los modos en que se construye subjetividad, las prácticas masculinizantes, las formas en que opera el poder y prestigio, los principios y valores morales de los sujetos, y los universos simbólicos que permean el lenguaje. Así, se desarrolló una metodología de investigación cualitativa con el método narrativo autobiográfico y la técnica de análisis de caso mediante una entrevista semiestructurada a cuatro policías. Al concluir el estudio, se encontró que la masculinidad en policías colombianos se construye a partir de la masculinidad hegemónica pues la institución les impone esta identidad y los sujetos la adoptan en su subjetividad, de manera que sus acciones, ideas, valores y experiencias son atravesadas por esta masculinidad.The purpose of this graduate work is to describe the experience of masculinity through the life history of men belonging to the National Police of Colombia. For this purpose, the following were taken into account: the ways in which subjectivity is constructed, masculinizing practices, the ways in which power and prestige operate, the principles and moral values of the subjects, and the symbolic universes that permeate the language. Thus, a qualitative research methodology was developed using the autobiographical narrative method and the case analysis technique through a semi-structured interview with four policemen. At the conclusion of the study, it was found that masculinity in Colombian policemen is constructed on the basis of hegemonic masculinity, since the institution imposes this identity on them and the subjects adopt it in their subjectivity, so that their actions, ideas, values and experiences are traversed by this masculinity.Psicólogo (a)Pregrad

Análisis del impacto que tendría la Reforma Tributaria 2277 decretada en diciembre de 2022 en el consumo de bebidas azucaradas de las familias de Medellín del sector Bombona 1

Una reforma tributaria es una modificación del régimen de impuestos y aranceles de un determinado país. Por lo general este tipo de cambios se hace para aumentar el nivel de recaudo de impuestos, subiendo las tarifas o incorporando a más personas para que contribuyan con impuestos de renta, de valor agregado u otros que sean necesarios. Dentro del presente trabajo de investigación, explicaremos el objetivo de una reforma tributaria y la aplicaremos dentro de las familias de Medellín, en el sector Bombona 1. Adicional, se abordará el tema principal el cual es la consecuencia o las incidencias que tendrá la reforma tributaria dentro del consumo de bebidas azucaradas. Este trabajo de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de analizar el impacto que ha tenido la reforma tributaria en Colombia, específicamente en Medellín, en el sector Bombona 1 y como ha afectado al consumo de las bebidas antes mencionadas. La metodología del artículo está basada en la técnica documental, ya que, se hizo una investigación cuantitativa para validar la información colocada dentro de la investigación.A tax reform is a modification of the tax and tariff regime of a certain country. In general, these types of changes are made to increase the level of tax collection, raising rates or incorporating more people to contribute with income, value-added or other taxes that are necessary. Within this research work, we will explain the objective of a tax reform and we will apply it within the families of Medellín, regardless of their sector. Additionally, the main issue will be addressed, which is the consequence or the incidences that the tax reform has had on the consumption of XXX. This research work was carried out with the objective of analyzing the impact that the tax reform has had in Colombia, specifically in Medellín and how it has affected the consumption of food. The methodology of the article is based on the documentary technique, since a quantitative investigation was carried out to validate the information placed within the investigation.Resumen. -– Abstrac. -- Lista de tablas. -- Lista de Ilustraciones. -– Introducción. -- Planteamiento y formulación del problema. -– Justificación. -– Objetivos. -- Objetivo general. -- Objetivos específicos. -- Metodología. -- Tipo y diseño de la investigación. -- Técnica de recolección de datos. -- Población y muestra. -- Preguntas de encuesta. -- Desarrollo del trabajo. -- Marco referencial. -- Marco de antecedentes. -- Marco teórico y conceptual. -- Estudio de reforma tributaria. -- Las bebidas azucaradas. -- El objetivo de la Ley. -- Los responsables de la Ley. -- Alcance de la reforma. -- Calcular y analizar la variación que tendrá el precio actual de las bebidas azucaradas y el precio luego de la implementación de la reforma tributaria ley 2277 y así mismo determinar sus efectos positivos y negativos. -- Información nutricional. -- Cálculo del impuesto a las bebidas azucaradas. -- Resultados de encuesta. -- Análisis de la encuesta. -– Conclusiones. -– Referencias. -- [email protected]