Estandarización de RT-PCR durante la expresión diferencial de genes en el proceso de hidratacióndeshidratación de Ferocactus peninsulae y Ferocactus recurvus

El objetivo del presente estudio fue estandarizar la técnica de RT-PCR para la expresión diferencial de genes durante la germinación de F. peninsulae y F. recurvus con tiempos de hidratación-deshidratación. Se empleó cDNA obtenido previamente a distintos tiempos de germinación con un tratamiento de hidratación y deshidratación. Previo a la estandarización, se diseñaron los iniciadores a utilizar por medio del programa primer3 para posteriormente evaluar su calidad junto con la del cDNA, la RT-PCR se llevó a cabo con kits comerciales. Se amplificaron regiones de los genes CASP, ULP, SEEP, LEAP, FEER, TRXH, junto con ACTINA para cactáceas como testigo. Los resultados de la RT-PCR determinaron en relación a la expresión de actina y la técnica fue capaz de reconocer diferencias de expresión entre cada tiempo, gen y especie.The objective of this study was to standardize the RT-PCR technique for differential gene expression during germination of F. peninsulae and F. recurvus with hydrationdehydration times. CDNA previously obtained at different germination times was used with a hydration and dehydration treatment. Prior to standardization, the first ones to be used were designed through the primerr program to subsequently evaluate their quality along with that of the cDNA. The RT-PCR was carried out with commercial kits. Regions of the CASP, ULP, SEEP, LEAP, FEER, TRXH genes were amplified, along with ACTINA for cacti as control. The results of the RT-PCR were determined in relation to actin expression and the technique was able to recognize differences in expression among each time, gene and species

Ultraviolet Radiation and Its Effects on Plants

Ultraviolet radiation is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum ranging from 10 to 400 nm, classified into three main categories: UV-A (320–400 nm), UV-B (280–320 nm), and UV-C (100–280 nm). The UV radiation from the sun that crosses the atmosphere and reaches the earth’s surface is composed largely of UV-A radiation (95%) and, to a lesser extent, UV-B (5%), which is normally filtered by stratospheric ozone. With the thinning of the ozone layer, UV-B radiation penetrates deeper into the earth’s surface, where it becomes dangerous due to its high energy content that acts at the molecular level, affecting the cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and other elements, thus, having a direct impact on global warming. On the other hand, UV radiation alters numerous essential organic compounds for living organisms. Since its discovery, it has been established that e UV-B causes alterations in plant development and metabolism, both primary and secondary. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about the effects of UV radiation on the morphological, biochemical, and genetic processes in plants

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Descripción molecular de hongos macromicetos del género Amanita de Villa del Carbón, México, empleando la región LSU rDNA

Los hongos son un grupo de organismos altamente diverso que cumplen funciones primordiales en los bosques templados. Se caracterizaron morfológica y etnobiológicamente 27 cuerpos fructíferos de hongos del género Amanita, colectados en Villa del Carbón, México. Se registraron 7 especies distintas; a partir de encuestas semiestructuradas se obtuvieron 15 nombres vernáculos. Se caracterizó también molecularmente a este grupo de hongos, utilizando la región LSU del rDNA; finalmente se utilizaron distintos métodos bioinformáticos y filogenéticos.Fungi are a highly diverse group of organisms, which account for primary functions on the temperate forests. 27 fruiting bodies of Amanita, collected around Villa del Carbón, México, were morphological, ethnobiological and molecularly characterized. 7 different species were listed and 15 traditional names were recorded through semi structured surveys. They were also molecularly characterized using the LSU region of the rDNA using specialized software and phylogenetic methods

XII. Cuencas pericontinentales de Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela: Tipología;,Biodiversidad;, Servicios ecosistemicos y sostenibilidad de los ríos, quebradas y arroyos costeros

Bogotá, ColombiaInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbold

Investigación Arquitectónica - AR246 - 202102

Descripción: El curso de Investigación Arquitectónica conduce a la obtención del grado de Bachiller. Es la primera etapa del proceso de titulación profesional, que continua con el curso de Lineamientos para el Proyecto Profesional, sigue con el Taller X y termina con la sustentación del Proyecto de Tesis . La asignatura implementa ejercicios de indagación y procesamiento de información de situaciones reales y objetivas, que sirven de fundamento y soporte, para demostrar la pertinencia de un tema arquitectónico propuesto y su viabilidad. Propósito: Mediante la profundización del conocimiento de un tema elegido el estudiante será capaz de manejar técnicas e instrumentos de investigación para la búsqueda, identificación, selección, análisis, evaluación y uso de información en la construcción de: la justificación, la viabilidad, la articulación de un marco teórico, el análisis de proyectos referenciales, el protocolo teórico de diseño y la síntesis de conclusiones de su propuesta temática, para el Proyecto de Tesis. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de las competencias generales Comunicación Escrita y Manejo de la Información, así como la competencia específica de Diseño Fundamentado (que comprende los criterios NAAB [PC2,PC3,PC8,SC3,PC5, SC5]; las tres a nivel 3 (avanzado). Tiene como requisito el curso TVII - Taller de Integración