ANTARES: the first undersea neutrino telescope

The ANTARES Neutrino Telescope was completed in May 2008 and is the first operational Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. The main purpose of the detector is to perform neutrino astronomy and the apparatus also offers facilities for marine and Earth sciences. This paper describes the design, the construction and the installation of the telescope in the deep sea, offshore from Toulon in France. An illustration of the detector performance is given

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 84.7%) were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 62.8%), followed by strabismus (n = 429 10.2%) and proptosis (n = 309 7.4%). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 95% CI, 12.94-24.80, and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 95% CI, 4.30-7.68). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

El imperialismo, la lucha de clases y el estado en México

Muchos comentaristas, tanto mexicanos como extranjeros, creen que la evolución de México en el siglo veinte representa una forma de desarrollo económico que es original o sui generis. ¿Dónde puede uno encontrar campesinos revolucionarios como Emiliano Zapata, o lideres carismáticos como Lázaro Cárdenas, el presidente que nacionalizó el petróleo en 1938? ¿Dónde existe semejante combinación de intervención estatal y empresa privada lucrativa, trabajo en cooperación en vez de conflictos y que sobrevivía durante un largo periodo sin las acostumbradas circunstancias de inestabilidad y frecuentes revoluciones o golpes palaciegos?... ...Narciso Bassols tenía razón cuando consideraba, en 1937, la exageradamente elogiada tesis de lo sui generis como propaganda por los "mexicanos conservadores e incluso por algunos revolucionarios miembros del gobierno y del partido oficial" para arrojar "puro camuflaje... un intento esencialmente reaccionario para aislar a las masas mexicanas de los pueblos explotados del resto del mundo"

Pretoriana, no. 071, April-Dec 1973

Pioneer correspondence tuition / A.S. Malherbe -- Church Square of Pretoria / August Karlson -- Geskiedenis van Genootskap / J.D. Bodel -- Aspekte van die kultuurlewe in Pretoria 1890-1900 / Estelle E. Nel -- Moodie's road to fortune / A.M. Davey -- Staatsmodelschool herrys / Jan Ploeger -- Koerantnuus in Pretoria gedurende die Anglo-Boereoorlog / M.H.B. -- Rugbyspringbokke in Danville-straatname / G.J. van Eck -- Repertorium : tydskrifartikels / J.S. Cockcrof