PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENUMBUHKAN NASIONALISME PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR (Di Perumahan Griya Kencana, Desa Mojosarirejo, Kecamatan Driyorejo, Kabupaten Gresik)

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran orang tua dalam menumbuhkan nasionalisme pada anak usia sekolah dasar dan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung serta penghambat peran orang tua dalam menumbuhkan nasionalisme pada anak usia sekolah dasar di Perumahan Griya Kencana, Desa Mojosarirejo, Kecamatan Driyorejo, Kabupaten Gresik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dan jumlah informan yang digunakan sebanyak 10 orang yang terdiri dari orang tua atau kepala keluarga berlatar belakang pendidikan berbeda yaitu tingkat SD, SMP/SMA, dan PT. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran orang tua dalam menumbuhkan nasionalisme pada anak usia sekolah dasar di Perumahan Griya Kencana, Desa Mojosarirejo, Kecamatan Driyorejo, Kabupaten Gresik, yaitu sebagai penyampai nilai nasionalisme dan pembimbing bagi anak-anaknya dalam mengimplemantasikan nilai nasionalisme pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Faktor yang mendukung dalam menumbuhkan nasionalisme pada anak usia sekolah dasar cukup beragam, yaitu mulai dari faktor peran orang tua itu sendiri atau pemaksimalan peran orang tua dalam menumbuhkan nasionalisme pada anak usia sekolah dasar yang dipengaruhi tingkat pendidikan atau latar belakang pendidikan orang tua, masyarakat (kegiatan di masyarakat yang mendukung dalam hal menumbuhkan nasionalisme), dan media (internet). Faktor yang menghambat dalam menumbuhkan nasionalisme pada anak usia sekolah dasar, yaitu faktor peran orang tua itu sendiri atau kurang maksimalnya peran orang tua dalam menumbuhkan nasionalisme pada anak usia sekolah dasar yang dipengaruhi tingkat pendidikan atau latar belakang pendidikan orang tua, masyarakat (kegiatan di masyarakat yang kurang mendukung dalam hal menumbuhkan nasionalisme), dan media (internet) yang membawa masuk budaya asing.Kata Kunci : Peran orang tua, nasionalisme, dan anak usia sekolah dasarAbstractResearch aims to know role parents in growing nationalism on a school-age child base and to know by factors in support and inhibitors role parents in growing nationalism on a school-age child the basis on housing Griya Kencana, Village Mojosarirejo, Sub-district Driyorejo, Regency Gresik. This type of research is qualitative, descriptive, and the number of informants used as many as 10 people consisting of parents or family educational background to head different elementary, junior/senior high school, and university. Data collection techniques used are observation, interview and documentation. The result showed that parents role in growing nationalism in elementary school children aged Griya Kencana Housing, Viilage Mojosarirejo, sub-districts Driyorejo, Gresik Regency namely as better messenger value nationalism and tutorship for his children in implementing value of nationalism in daily life. Factor supporting in growing nationalism in elementary school children aged quite varied, starting from parents role factor itself or maximizing parents role in growing nationalism in children aged elementary school education or influenced educational background parents society (activities in public support in terms of nationalism), and media (internet). Factors impeding in growing nationalism in elementary school children aged that is the factor parents itself or less maximum parents role in growing nationalism in children aged elementary school education or influenced educational background parents society (activities in societies lacking support in term of nationalism), and media (internet) bring in an unfamiliar culture. Key words: the role of parents, nationalism, and elementary school age childre

Use of Molecular Imaging Markers of Glycolysis, Hypoxia and Proliferation (¹⁸F-FDG, ⁶⁴Cu-ATSM and ¹⁸F-FLT) in a Dog with Fibrosarcoma:The Importance of Individualized Treatment Planning and Monitoring

Glycolysis, hypoxia, and proliferation are important factors in the tumor microenvironment contributing to treatment-resistant aggressiveness. Imaging these factors using combined functional positron emission tomography and computed tomography can potentially guide diagnosis and management of cancer patients. A dog with fibrosarcoma was imaged using 18F-FDG, 64Cu-ATSM, and 18F-FLT before, during, and after 10 fractions of 4.5 Gy radiotherapy. Uptake of all tracers decreased during treatment. Fluctuations in 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT PET uptakes and a heterogeneous spatial distribution of the three tracers were seen. Tracer distributions partially overlapped. It appears that each tracer provides distinct information about tumor heterogeneity and treatment response

To Know Beyond Listening: Monitoring Digital Music

In music production, “monitoring” refers traditionally to audile strategies intended to reveal the “true” sound of mediated audio. Here, it is expanded to include new, digital technologies intended to better know and control the record-object beyond what listening and listening technologies allow. Surveying traditional, contemporary, and emerging tools of record production and distribution, this essay addresses three types of monitoring: audio, visual, and data. In sum, monitoring entails the supplementation and subversion of the ear through protocols promising to surmount the biases and distortions of audio media. Key technologies include reference speakers, room correction systems, digital audio workstations, open mixes, pre-sets, social networking sites, and automatic music information retrieval. Situating these within a “techoustemology” of monitoring, the central argument is that many innovations in digital audio are non-auditory and, therefore, displace sound and listening as the central means of producing relevant knowledge about music mediated in the digital age

Ordering and the micromechanics of Ti-7Al

The evolution of intergranular lattice strain in the α titanium alloy Ti–7Al wt% was characterised using in situ time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction during room temperature tensile loading. Samples were aged to promote ordering and the formation of nanometre-scale α2 (Ti3Al). On ageing, at 550°C and 625°C, dislocations were observed to travel in pairs, and in planar arrays, which has been attributed to the presence of ordering. A slight change in c/a was observed, from 1.6949 to 1.6945, and a slight increase in the macroscopic modulus. However, no changes were observed in the residual lattice strains, which are the grain-orientation average elastic strains produced by plasticity. Therefore it is inferred that the changes in deformation mechanisms caused by ordering that result in an enhanced vulnerability to dwell fatigue affect primarily the extent of slip localisation. The overall strain distributions between grains in different orientations are not changed

Evaluation of genetic isolation within an island flora reveals unusually widespread local adaptation and supports sympatric speciation

It is now recognized that speciation can proceed even when divergent natural selection is opposed by gene flow. Understanding the extent to which environmental gradients and geographical distance can limit gene flow within species can shed light on the relative roles of selection and dispersal limitation during the early stages of population divergence and speciation. On the remote Lord Howe Island (Australia), ecological speciation with gene flow is thought to have taken place in several plant genera. The aim of this study was to establish the contributions of isolation by environment (IBE) and isolation by community (IBC) to the genetic structure of 19 plant species, from a number of distantly related families, which have been subjected to similar environmental pressures over comparable time scales. We applied an individual-based, multivariate, model averaging approach to quantify IBE and IBC, while controlling for isolation by distance (IBD). Our analyses demonstrated that all species experienced some degree of ecologically driven isolation, whereas only 12 of 19 species were subjected to IBD. The prevalence of IBE within these plant species indicates that divergent selection in plants frequently produces local adaptation and supports hypotheses that ecological divergence can drive speciation in sympatry

A call for action: Improve reporting of research studies to increase the scientific basis for regulatory decision-making

Publisher's version (útgefin grein)This is a call for action to scientific journals to introduce reporting requirements for toxicity and ecotoxicity studies. Such reporting requirements will support the use of peer‐reviewed research studies in regulatory decision‐making. Moreover, this could improve the reliability and reproducibility of published studies in general and make better use of the resources spent in research.Nordic Council of Minister

No Gold Standard Estimation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Two Molecular Diagnostic Protocols for Trypanosoma brucei spp. in Western Kenya

African animal trypanosomiasis is caused by a range of tsetse transmitted protozoan parasites includingTrypanosoma vivax, Trypanosoma congolense and Trypansoma brucei. In Western Kenya and other parts of East Africa two subspecies of T. brucei, T.b. brucei and the zoonoticT.b. rhodesiense, co-circulate in livestock. A range of polymerase chain reactions (PCR) have been developed as important molecular diagnostic tools for epidemiological investigations of T. brucei s.l. in the animal reservoir and of its zoonotic potential. Quantification of the relative performance of different diagnostic PCRs is essential to ensure comparability of studies. This paper describes an evaluation of two diagnostic test systems for T. brucei using a T. brucei s.l. specific PCR [1] and a single nested PCR targeting the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of trypanosome ribosomal DNA [2]. A Bayesian formulation of the Hui-Walter latent class model was employed to estimate their test performance in the absence of a gold standard test for detecting T.brucei s.l. infections in ear-vein blood samples from cattle, pig, sheep and goat populations in Western Kenya, stored on Whatman FTA cards. The results indicate that the system employing the T. brucei s.l. specific PCR (Se1 = 0.760) had a higher sensitivity than the ITS-PCR (Se2 = 0.640); both have high specificity (Sp1 = 0.998; Sp2 = 0.997). The true prevalences for livestock populations were estimated (pcattle = 0.091, ppigs = 0.066, pgoats = 0.005, psheep = 0.006), taking into account the uncertainties in the specificity and sensitivity of the two test systems. Implications of test performance include the required survey sample size; due to its higher sensitivity and specificity, the T. brucei s.l. specific PCR requires a consistently smaller sample size than the ITS-PCR for the detection of T. brucei s.l. However the ITS-PCR is able to simultaneously screen samples for other pathogenic trypanosomes and may thus be, overall, a better choice of test in multi-organism studies

Heart Rate and Use of Beta-Blockers in Stable Outpatients with Coronary Artery Disease

<p><b>Background:</b> Heart rate (HR) is an emerging risk factor in coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is little contemporary data regarding HR and the use of HR-lowering medications, particularly beta-blockers, among patients with stable CAD in routine clinical practice. The goal of the present analysis was to describe HR in such patients, overall and in relation to beta-blocker use, and to describe the determinants of HR.</p> <p><b>Methods and Findings:</b> CLARIFY is an international, prospective, observational, longitudinal registry of outpatients with stable CAD, defined as prior myocardial infarction or revascularization procedure, evidence of coronary stenosis of >50%, or chest pain associated with proven myocardial ischemia. A total of 33,438 patients from 45 countries in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Middle East, and Asia/Pacific were enrolled between November 2009 and July 2010. Most of the 33,177 patients included in this analysis were men (77.5%). Mean (SD) age was 64.2 (10.5) years, HR by pulse was 68.3 (10.6) bpm, and by electrocardiogram was 67.2 (11.4) bpm. Overall, 44.0% had HR≥70 bpm. Beta-blockers were used in 75.1% of patients and another 14.4% had intolerance or contraindications to beta-blocker therapy. Among 24,910 patients on beta-blockers, 41.1% had HR≥70 bpm. HR≥70 bpm was independently associated with higher prevalence and severity of angina, more frequent evidence of myocardial ischemia, and lack of use of HR-lowering agents.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Despite a high rate of use of beta-blockers, stable CAD patients often have resting HR≥70 bpm, which was associated with an overall worse health status, more frequent angina and ischemia. Further HR lowering is possible in many patients with CAD. Whether it will improve symptoms and outcomes is being tested.</p&gt