Opinions about Parties, Coalitions and Candidates: Polls in Mexico City 2018

Las elecciones presidenciales de julio de 2018 en México fueron especialmente complejas, se crearon coaliciones de partidos, participaron las candidaturas independientes por primera vez en la elección presidencial y por tercera ocasión Andrés Manuel López Obrador apoyado por un nuevo partido (MORENA) era candidato. Con el objetivo de evaluar la opinión de personas con edad para votar en Ciudad de México sobre instituciones políticas, candidaturas y voto, aquí se presentan resultados comparados de dos encuestas de opinión pública de febrero de 2017 y febrero de 2018 (GEM-UAMX). Entre otros puntos se indagó sobre los votos en las elecciones presidenciales de 2012 y la intención para 2018, se exploró lo referente a personajes, coaliciones, partidos y candidaturas independientes que la muestra desearía llegaran a la presidencia. Estos resultados se contextualizan con una somera revisión del panorama de partidos y candidatos, acompañado por un análisis de la competencia y alternancia desde el enfoque de gobernanza. Las encuestas se aplicaron a mayores de 18 años que viven en la Ciudad de México, con muestras de 480 cuestionarios (intervalo de confianza 80%, nivel de precisión ±3%) distribuidos por cuotas no proporcionales de 30 encuestas por alcaldía, lo que resulta en estimadores válidos para toda la ciudad e indicativos por alcaldía. Además de opiniones puntuales que aparecen en el texto, se puede concluir en general que los ciudadanos tienen poca confianza ante partidos políticos, candidatos (independientes o no), coaliciones y lo que es muy grave en autoridades y funcionarios encargados de los procesos electorales y de la impartición de justicia.Presidential polls in Mexico in 2018 were especially complex, party coalitions were created, it was the first time independent candidates took part in president´s election and the third time Andrés Manuel Lopez Obrador supported by a new party (MORENA) was candidate. Having the objective to evaluate Mexico City citizen opinions about political institutions, candidacies and vote, here we present comparative results from two public opinion surveys from February 2017 and February 2018 (GEM-UAMX). Among other aspects considered 2012 presidential election votes and vote intention for 2018 were asked, involved politicians, coalitions, parties and independent candidacies sample participants wanted for Presidency were explored. These results are presented in context by means of a short review of the environment of parties and candidates, together with analysis of competitivity and alternance from the point of view of governance. Surveys were answered by men and women older than 18 years living in Mexico City, with samples of 480 questionnaires (confidence interval 80%, precision level ±3%) using no proportional quotes of 30 questionnaires by borough, which gives valid estimations for all the city and approximated by borough. Beside specific opinions presented in the text, a general conclusion is that citizens have a low level of trust in political parties, candidates (independent or not), coalitions and something very serious in the authorities and civil servants in charge of electoral processes and justice administration

Efecto diferencial de manganeso sobre la germinación de Triglochin striata (Juncaginaceae) y Cotula coronopifolia (Asteraceae) en el humedal Laguna de Carrizal Bajo, Región de Atacama, Chile

Manganeso es un metal traza cuyos efectos a nivel de semilla no han sido estudiados en profundidad. En el humedal de Carrizal Bajo se han documentado altos niveles de Mn, como aporte combinado de las actividades antrópicas y de la roca madre. En este estudio se evalua experimentalmente el efecto de distintos tratamientos de Mn (0,0; 0,001; 0,1 y 10,0 ppm) sobre la germinación de Triglochin striata y Cotula coronopifolia, dos macrófitas presentes en el humedal. Nuestros resultados mostraron que la germinación de Cotula disminuyó de 60 a 10 % en los tratamientos con Mn, mientras que la germinación de Triglochin se mantuvo en torno al 16 %, sin mostrar diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. Estos antecedentes sugieren que Mn puede afectar diferencialmente la germinación de las especies del humedal

Avaliação econômica e tomada de decisão em saúde ambiental

Due to the increasing deterioration of the enviroment and its possible consequences for the health of the population the design and implementation of policies for the control of economic activities according to criteria for the protection of human health and the environment itself have become an unquestionable need. Such policies would incluede the economic feasibility of existing alternatives for protection. Due to the huge interests involved, however, other factors, both social and political should also be taken into consideration. Economic evaluation has been seen as a promising foundation for the decision making process in this subject. This tool's capacity systematically to organize and compare the costs and the benefits of the alternatives for the solution of enviromental problems is analysed.The main characteristics of cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness studies are summarized, as well as the possible forms of economic evalution, of the enviroment and the detailsof this field for the application of such techiniques of analysis. The limits of these tools for the quantifycation of the non-monetary costs of environmental risks and the consequent damage to health, whethea as pain,suffering or the disability of non-economic ally active persons are set out as these constitute the methodological challenge of the economic evaluation in the area. The importance of the enhancement of information input for the decision-making process relating to environmental health issues such as the distributions of costs and benefits among the different social groups is scrutinized. Lastly, the growuing political concern with environment issues is stated, as well as the techinical possibility of the manipulation of these analytical tools. On the basis of these elements,the need for evaluators to be conscious on the political implications of their studies, as well as the importance of their relationship with the decision-makers in view of the need for effective relevance to current environmental issuesAnte el creciente deterioro ambiental y sus posibles consecuencias en la salud de la población resulta una prioridad indiscutible el diseño e instrumentación de políticas que controlen las actividades económicas bajo el criterio de protección a la salud humana y al ambiente mismo. Es preciso que dichas políticas consideren la factibilidad económica de las alternativas de protección existentes. Sin embargo, por la cantidad de intereses dentro del área ambiental, otros factores como el social y el político deben también ser considerados. La evaluación económica ha sido vista como un promisorio fundamento para la toma de decisiones en esta materia. Los autores analizan la capacidad de esta herramienta para organizar en forma sistemática y comparable los costos y los beneficios de alternativas para la solución de problemas ambientales. Se resumen las principales características de los estudios de costo-beneficio y costo-efectividad, las formas de evaluación económica del ambiente, y las particularidades de esta área para la aplicación de dichas técnicas de análisis. Se señalan los límites encontrados en estas herramientas para cuantificar los costos no monetarios de los riesgos ambientales y de los consecuentes daños a la salud, tales como el dolor, el sufrimiento ó la incapacidad de personas económicamente inactivas, constituyendo estos aspectos el reto metodológico de la evaluación económica en el área. Se reflexiona sobre la importancia de ampliar los insumos informativos para la toma de decisiones en materia de salud ambiental en aspectos como la distribución de los costos y los beneficios entre los distintos grupos sociales. Por último se señala tanto la creciente politización del tema ambiental, como la posibilidad técnica de manipulación de estas herramientas de análisis. Partiendo de estos elementos se señala la necesidad, por parte de los evaluadores, de ser conscientes sobre las implicaciones políticas de sus estudios, así como de la importancia de su vinculación con los tomadores de decisión con el objetivo de lograr pertinencia en el ejercicio académico.Devido à crescente deterioração ambiental e as suas possíveis conseqüências para a saúde da polulação,torna-se necessário priorizar o desenho e instrumentação de políticas que controlem as atividades econômicas, considerando a proteção à saúde humana e ao próprio ambiente. É preciso que essas políticas considerem a factibilidade econômica das alternativas de proteção existentes. Não obstante, pela quantidade de interesses na área ambiental, outros fatores como o social e o político também devem ser considerados. A avaliação econômica tem sido vista como fundamental para a tomada de decisões nessa matéria. Foi analisada a capacidade desta ferramenta para organizar de forma sistemática e comparável os custos e os benefícios de alternativas para a solução dos problemas ambientais.Foram sintetizadas as principais características dos estudos de custo-benefício e custo-efetividade,as formas de avaliação econômica do ambiente e as particularidades desta área para a aplicação dessas técnicas de análise. Foram analisados os limites encontrados nessas ferramentas para calcular os custos não monetários dos riscos ambientais e dos danos conseqüentes à saúde, como a dor, o sofrimento ou a incapacidade de pessoas economicamente inativas, sendo que estes aspectos constituem o desafio metodológico da avaliação econômica na área. Analisa-se a importância de ampliar a informação para a tomada de decisões a respeito da saúde ambiental em aspectos como a distribuição dos custos e os benefícios entre os diferentes grupos sociais.Por último,assinala-se tanto a crescente politização do tema ambiental,como a possibilidade técnica de manipulação dessas ferramentas de analise.Partindo desses elementos, destaca-se a necessidade, por parte dos avaliadores, de tomar a consciência das implicações políticas dos seus estudos,assim como da importância da sua relação com as pessoas que tomam decisões para alcançar pertinência no exercício acadêmico

Ser mujer en la guerra: cuerpos, subjetividades y tránsitos.

Libro completoEl relato del héroe, del excombatiente, del militar es esencia un elemento común en las publicaciones sobre el conflicto armado, quizá porque la guerra tiene ese halo de lo masculino que se divisa en las espadas, las armas, los cuerpos fornidos de los hombres que, vía un ideal, un deseo de venganza o simple fascinación han formado parte del universo bélico. Las mujeres por su parte, han tenido una participación en las guerras, no sólo en calidad de madres, hijas, esposas son las que han soportado en una disciplina espartana —o quizá como Penélope— los dolores, las ausencias y los horrores que dejan los conflictos a su paso; también han sido combatientes, han portado las insignias de los ejércitos, de las guerrillas, y de las revueltas, pero ese es quizá el rostro menos conocido. ¿Cuál es el lugar de una mujer en el conflicto armado? ¿qué ocurre con el cuerpo de las mujeres en los escenarios bélicos? Estas fueron algunas de las preguntas que se sostuvieron durante el tránsito de una investigación que inició como suelen suceder las transformaciones en la vida: como un entusiasmo. La pregunta de cómo alojar las narraciones de mujeres que pertenecieron a grupos armados guerrilleros en Colombia fue respondida vía las mismas palabras de mujeres que desde distintos escenarios nos legaron su historia, su recuerdo de lo que fue haber sido combatiente en un país que hace más de 60 años desconoce lo que es vivir sin la presencia amenazante de la guerra. El texto sumerge al lector en la narración de una guerra vivida y contada en la voz de las mujeres que han puesto el cuerpo, ese cuerpo que no está ligado a la carne, sino al cuerpo que, afectado por la palabra y el discurso, opera para ofrecerse al sacrificio de lo bélico. El psicoanálisis es el faro que guía el análisis de las narraciones de mujeres que, vía lo escrito, o discursivo encuentran una manera de decir y de bordear lo innombrable de la guerra

Nrf2 Plays a Protective Role Against Intravascular Hemolysis-Mediated Acute Kidney Injury

Massive intravascular hemolysis is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a central role in the defense against oxidative stress by activating the expression of antioxidant proteins. We investigated the role of Nrf2 in intravascular hemolysis and whether Nrf2 activation protected against hemoglobin (Hb)/heme-mediated renal damage in vivo and in vitro. We observed renal Nrf2 activation in human hemolysis and in an experimental model of intravascular hemolysis promoted by phenylhydrazine intraperitoneal injection. In wild-type mice, Hb/heme released from intravascular hemolysis promoted AKI, resulting in decreased renal function, enhanced expression of tubular injury markers (KIM-1 and NGAL), oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER), and cell death. These features were more severe in Nrf2-deficient mice, which showed decreased expression of Nrf2-related antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and ferritin. Nrf2 activation with sulforaphane protected against Hb toxicity in mice and cultured tubular epithelial cells, ameliorating renal function and kidney injury and reducing cell stress and death. Nrf2 genotype or sulforaphane treatment did not influence the severity of hemolysis. In conclusion, our study identifies Nrf2 as a key molecule involved in protection against renal damage associated with hemolysis and opens novel therapeutic approaches to prevent renal damage in patients with severe hemolytic crisis. These findings provide new insights into novel aspects of Hb-mediated renal toxicity and may have important therapeutic implications for intravascular hemolysis-related diseases.Supported by FIS/FEDER CP14/00008, CP16/00014, CP16/00017, PI15/00448, PI16/00735, PI16/02057, PI17/00130, PI17/01495, PI17/01700, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD012/0021, RD016/0009 FEDER funds, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RYC-2017-22369), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Fundacion Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Comunidad de Madrid CIFRA2 B2017/BMD-3686 and BMD-3827, Fundacion La Caixa, CaixaImpulse program CI17-00048, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM).S

SEPAR Recommendations for COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Respiratory Diseases

[ES] La Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR) ha elaborado este documento de recomendaciones sobre la vacuna para la COVID-19 en las enfermedades respiratorias, con el objetivo de ayudar al personal sanitario en la toma de decisiones sobre cómo actuar en la vacunación de estos pacientes. Las recomendaciones han sido elaboradas por un grupo de expertos en la materia, tras la revisión de la literatura recopilada hasta el 7 de marzo del 2021, y de la información aportada por distintas sociedades científicas, agencias del medicamento y estrategias de organismos gubernamentales hasta esa fecha. Podemos concluir que las vacunas para la COVID-19 no solo son seguras y eficaces, sino que, en aquellos pacientes vulnerables con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, son prioritarias. Además, la implicación activa de los profesionales sanitarios que manejan estas patologías en la estrategia de vacunación es clave para lograr una buena adherencia y coberturas vacunales elevadas.[EN] The Spanish Society of Pneumonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) has elaborated this document of recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with respiratory diseases aimed to help healthcare personnel make decisions about how to act in case of COVID-19 vaccination in these patients. The recommendations have been developed by a group of experts in this field after reviewing the materials published up to March 7, 2021, the information provided by different scientific societies, drug agencies and the strategies of the governmental bodies up to this date. We can conclude that COVID-19 vaccines are not only safe and effective, but also prior in vulnerable patients with chronic respiratory diseases. In addition, an active involvement of healthcare professionals, who manage these diseases, in the vaccination strategy is the key to achieve good adherence and high vaccination coverage

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Amor, empatía y conductas prosociales: una reflexión interdisciplinaria

This book presents, through reflection, the relevance, timeliness and necessity of love, empathy and prosocial behaviors within the framework of the professional and disciplinary work of the authors. The reader will be able to find here what these professionals, academics and intellectuals think and feel about it. Let the reader know that it was not a simple writing project, maybe because of the invitation to think about oneself, maybe because of the presence of the concept of "love" in the academy, or maybe, because we are not so accustomed to putting in the first person the reflection turned from what we relate to day by day. May this text be the excuse to continue to reflect on the role of love, empathy and prosocial behavior in a world that sometimes shows great desolation. May these unknotted reflections allow us to understand and resignify, learn and continue.PublishedEste libro expone, por la vía de la reflexión, la pertinencia, actualidad y necesidad del amor, la empatía y las conductas prosociales en el marco del quehacer profesional y disciplinar de los autores. El lector podrá encontrar aquí lo que esos profesionales, académicos e intelectuales piensan y sienten al respecto. Sepa el lector que no fue un proyecto de escritura sencillo, quizá por la invitación a pensar sobre sí, quizá por la presencia del concepto “amor” en la academia, o quizá, simplemente, porque no estamos tan acostumbrados a poner en primera persona la reflexión devenida de aquello con lo que día a día nos relacionamos. Que sea este texto la excusa para continuar reflexionando sobre el papel del amor, la empatía y las conductas prosociales en un mundo que a veces muestra gran desolación. Que estas reflexiones des-anudadas permitan comprender y resignificar, aprender y continuar