Alien Registration- Parent, Claire (Van Buren, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/32351/thumbnail.jp

Impact of alley cropping agroforestry on stocks, forms and spatial distribution of soil organic carbon : a case study in a Mediterranean context

UMR SYTEM : Equipe AMPLUS : Analyse et Modélisation du champ cultivé PLUrispécifiqueAgroforestry systems, i.e., agroecosystems combining trees with farming practices, are of particular interest as they combine the potential to increase biomass and soil carbon (C) storage while maintaining an agricultural production. However, most present knowledge on the impact of agroforestry systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage comes from tropical systems. This study was conducted in southern France, in an 18-year-old agroforestry plot, where hybrid walnuts (Juglans regia × nigra L.) are intercropped with durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum), and in an adjacent agricultural control plot, where durum wheat is the sole crop. We quantified SOC stocks to 2.0 m depth and their spatial variability in relation to the distance to the trees and to the tree rows. The distribution of additional SOC storage in different soil particle-size fractions was also characterized. SOC accumulation rates between the agroforestry and the agricultural plots were 248 ± 31 kg C ha− 1 yr− 1 for an equivalent soil mass (ESM) of 4000 Mg ha− 1 (to 26–29 cm depth) and 350 ± 41 kg C ha− 1 yr− 1 for an ESM of 15,700 Mg ha− 1 (to 93–98 cm depth). SOC stocks were higher in the tree rows where herbaceous vegetation grew and where the soil was not tilled, but no effect of the distance to the trees (0 to 10 m) on SOC stocks was observed. Most of the additional SOC storage was found in coarse organic fractions (50–200 and 200–2000 μm), which may be rather labile fractions. All together our study demonstrated the potential of alley cropping agroforestry systems under Mediterranean conditions to store SOC, and questioned the stability of this storage

Improving WCET Evaluation using Linear Relation Analysis

International audienceThe precision of a worst case execution time (WCET) evaluation tool on a given program is highly dependent on how the tool is able to detect and discard semantically infeasible executions of the program. In this paper, we propose to use the classical abstract interpretation-based method of linear relation analysis to discover and exploit relations between execution paths. For this purpose, we add auxiliary variables (counters) to the program to trace its execution paths. The results are easily incorporated in the classical workflow of a WCET evaluator, when the evaluator is based on the popular implicit path enumeration technique. We use existing tools-a WCET evaluator and a linear relation analyzer-to build and experiment a prototype implementation of this idea. * This work is supported by the French research fundation (ANR) as part of the W-SEPT project (ANR-12-INSE-0001

When the worst-case execution time estimation gains from the application semantics

International audienceCritical embedded systems are generally composed of repetitive tasks that must meet drastic timing constraints, such as termination deadlines. Providing an upper bound of the worst-case execution time (WCET) of such tasks at design time is thus necessary to prove the correctness of the system. Static timing analysis methods compute safe WCET upper bounds, but at the cost of a potentially large over-approximation. Over-approximation may come from the fact that WCET analysis may consider as potential worst-cases some executions that are actually infeasible, because of the semantics of the program and/or because they correspond to unrealistic inputs. In this paper, we introduce a complete semantic-aware WCET estimation workflow. We introduce some program analysis to find infeasible paths: they can be performed at design, C or binary level, and may take into account information provided by the user. We design an annotation-aware compilation process that enables to trace the infeasible path properties through the program transformations performed by the compilers. Finally, we adapt the WCET estimation tool to take into account the kind of annotations produced by the workflow

Le FORUM, Vol. 39 No. 3

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1046/thumbnail.jp

The trophic reliance of methane in the benthic food web: natural versus anthropogenic drivers

It is now widely recognized that biogenic methane can contribute up to 80% of the chironomid biomass in case of hypoxic tropholytic zone. However, several studies have revealed that hypoxic deep conditions can appear more or less abruptly through time, suggesting that the biogenic methane contribution is not the \u27reference\u27 functioning in most lakes. This study aims at identifying the causes of the trophic reliance of methane (\u27TRM\u27) activation, and to understand the environmental conditions that enable the activation of the TRM. Three different lakes (productivity, altitude, water depth, etc.) were investigated using paleolimnological approach. The methodological strategy is built in three steps: (i) the reconstruction of the temporal evolution of methanotroph availability (ancient DNA of methanotroph) and the chironomid paleo-diet (carbon stable isotopes), (ii) the comparison of these dynamics with the histories of climate variability and anthropogenic pressures (pollen analysis) (iii) and the assessment of the environmental conditions (trophic state, oxygen conditions and organic matter accumulation) that allowed this activation. Results reveal very contrasting evolutions suggesting (i) that this pathway is highly driven by human and climate pressures and (ii) that lakes seem to have a various \u27sensibility\u27 facing the activation and the modulation of the TRM

Le FORUM, Vol. 37 No. 2

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1037/thumbnail.jp

Le Forum, Vol. 44 #4

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1106/thumbnail.jp