Talleres de Orientación Educativa; Estrategia de Apoyo para la adecuada elección de carrera

La elección de una carrera profesional se ha convertido en una tarea cada vez más complicada tanto para los jóvenes, para sus familias y para los especialistas en el área de orientación educativa, la falta de una orientación vocacional apropiada trasciende los niveles de la situación personal y se proyecta hacia la sociedad. Dado que cada día se amplía el abanico de opciones de estudios profesionales, se reducen las posibilidades para ingresar y permanecer en las instituciones de educación superior, disminuye la capacidad para atender la demanda y aumenta la concentración de estudiantes en algunas carreras, desde el ámbito educativo y sin pretender dar respuesta a todas estas situaciones de desventaja, derivadas en gran parte de procesos sociales que las condicionan, se han generado diversas prácticas que buscan promover decisiones vocacionales más adecuadas. Ante esta problemática y como parte de las estrategias para resolverlas, se propuso el “Taller de Orientación Profesiográfica” (TOP), que tiene como objetivo proporcionar a los estudiantes próximos a egresar del bachillerato la información profesiográfica de manera clara y precisa, la oferta educativa, el mercado laboral, las posibilidades de desarrollo personal y profesional, las instituciones educativas que las ofrecen y su ubicación en el Estado de Oaxaca. El TOP se impartió en cada uno de los 14 Sistemas de Educación Media Superior (SEMS) del Estado de Oaxaca durante los meses de septiembre, octubre y noviembre del 2014, se ofertó en la modalidad presencial a 15,264 estudiantes, se caracterizó por ser flexible y pudo ser aplicado con facilidad adecuándose al contexto

Identification of Potential Visceral Pain Biomarkers in Colon Exudates from Mice with Experimental Colitis: An Exploratory In Vitro Study

Chronic visceral pain (CVP) is extremely difficult to diagnose, and available analgesic treatment options are quite limited. Identifying the proteins secreted from the colonic nociceptors, or their neighbor cells within the tube walls, in the context of disorders that course with visceral pain, might be useful to decipher the mechanism involved in the establishment of CVP. Addressing this question in human with gastrointestinal disorders entails multiple difficulties, as there is not a clear classification of disease severity, and colonic secretion is not easy to manage. We propose using of a murine model of colitis to identify new algesic molecules and pathways that could be explored as pain biomarkers or analgesia targets. Descending colons from naïve and colitis mice with visceral hyperalgesia were excised and maintained ex vivo. The proteins secreted in the perfusion fluid before and during acute noxious distension were evaluated using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Haptoglobin (Hp), PZD and LIM domain protein 3 (Pdlim3), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (Me1), and Apolipoprotein A-I (Apoa1) were increased during visceral insult, whilst Triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi1), Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi1), Alpha-enolase (Eno1), and Isoform 2 of Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain (Tpm1) were decreased. Most identified proteins have been described in the context of different chronic pain conditions and, according to gene ontology analysis, they are also involved in diverse biological processes of relevance. Thus, animal models that mimic human conditions in combination with unbiased omics approaches will ultimately help to identify new pathophysiological mechanisms underlying pain that might be useful in diagnosing and treating pain. Perspective: Our study utilizes an unbiased proteomic approach to determine, first, the clinical relevance of a murine model of colitis and, second, to identify novel molecules/pathways involved in nociception that would be potential biomarkers or targets for chronic visceral pain

Risk factors for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: an international matched case-control-control study (EURECA)

Cases were patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), complicated intraabdominal (cIAI), pneumonia or bacteraemia from other sources (BSI-OS) due to CRE; control groups were patients with infection caused by carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE), and by non-infected patients, respectively. Matching criteria included type of infection for CSE group, ward and duration of hospital admission. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Findings Overall, 235 CRE case patients, 235 CSE controls and 705 non-infected controls were included. The CRE infections were cUTI (133, 56.7%), pneumonia (44, 18.7%), cIAI and BSI-OS (29, 12.3% each). Carbapenemase genes were found in 228 isolates: OXA-48/like, 112 (47.6%), KPC, 84 (35.7%), and metallo-beta-lactamases, 44 (18.7%); 13 produced two. The risk factors for CRE infection in both type of controls were (adjusted OR for CSE controls; 95% CI; p value) previous colonisation/infection by CRE (6.94; 2.74-15.53; <0.001), urinary catheter (1.78; 1.03-3.07; 0.038) and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics, as categorical (2.20; 1.25-3.88; 0.006) and time-dependent (1.04 per day; 1.00-1.07; 0.014); chronic renal failure (2.81; 1.40-5.64; 0.004) and admission from home (0.44; 0.23-0.85; 0.014) were significant only for CSE controls. Subgroup analyses provided similar results. Interpretation The main risk factors for CRE infections in hospitals with high incidence included previous coloni-zation, urinary catheter and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics

Consenso Mexicano para el Tratamiento de la Hepatitis C

El objetivo del Consenso Mexicano para el Tratamiento de la Hepatitis C fue el de desarrollar un documento como guía en la práctica clínica con aplicabilidad en México. Se tomó en cuenta la opinión de expertos en el tema con especialidad en: gastroenterología, infectología y hepatología. Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía en MEDLINE, EMBASE y CENTRAL mediante palabras claves referentes al tratamiento de la hepatitis C. Posteriormente se evaluó la calidad de la evidencia mediante el sistema GRADE y se redactaron enunciados, los cuales fueron sometidos a voto mediante un sistema modificado Delphi, y posteriormente se realizó revisión y corrección de los enunciados por un panel de 34 votantes. Finalmente se clasificó el nivel de acuerdo para cada oración. Esta guía busca dar recomendaciones con énfasis en los nuevos antivirales de acción directa y de esta manera facilitar su uso en la práctica clínica. Cada caso debe ser individualizado según sus comorbilidades y el manejo de estos pacientes siempre debe ser multidisciplinario. Abstract The aim of the Mexican Consensus on the Treatment of Hepatitis C was to develop clinical practice guidelines applicable to Mexico. The expert opinion of specialists in the following areas was taken into account: gastroenterology, infectious diseases, and hepatology. A search of the medical literature was carried out on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases through keywords related to hepatitis C treatment. The quality of evidence was subsequently evaluated using the GRADE system and the consensus statements were formulated. The statements were then voted upon, using the modified Delphi system, and reviewed and corrected by a panel of 34 voting participants. Finally, the level of agreement was classified for each statement. The present guidelines provide recommendations with an emphasis on the new direct-acting antivirals, to facilitate their use in clinical practice. Each case must be individualized according to the comorbidities involved and patient management must always be multidisciplinary

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Cell cycle control of Notch signaling and the functional regionalization of the neuroepithelium during vertebrate neurogenesis

A critical feature of vertebrate neural precursors is the to-and-fro displacement of their nuclei as cell cycle progresses, thus giving rise to a pseudostratified epithelium. This nuclear behavior, referred to as interkinetic nuclear migration (INM), is translated into the disposition of the cell somas at different orthogonal levels depending on the cell cycle stage they are. The finding that important regulators of neurogenesis, such as the proneural and neurogenic genes, undergo cyclic changes of expression and function in coordination with the cell cycle and the INM, and that the neurogenic process correlates with a particular window of the cell cycle, in coincidence with the apical localization in the neuroepithelium of neural precursors, is a novel concept that facilitates our understanding of the neurogenic process in vertebrates. As such, recent data support the notion that the three-dimensional structure of the neuroepithelium is crucial for proper neuronal production. In this review, we describe current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the differential expression and function of the proneural and neurogenic gene products along the cell cycle, and we discuss important consequences for vertebrate neurogenesis derived from this observation. © 2009 UBC Press.Peer Reviewe

Retinitis pigmentosa: Cone photoreceptors starving to death

In retinitis pigmentosa, rod and cone photoreceptors die. Although rods die as a consequence of rod-specific genetic mutations, there is no clear explanation for the progressive loss of cones. A new study in this issue suggests that changes in the insulin/mTOR pathway and cell starvation can partially account for cone death in this disease. © 2009 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe

Talleres de Orientación Educativa; Estrategia de Apoyo para la adecuada elección de carrera

La elección de una carrera profesional se ha convertido en una tarea cada vez más complicada tanto para los jóvenes, para sus familias y para los especialistas en el área de orientación educativa, la falta de una orientación vocacional apropiada trasciende los niveles de la situación personal y se proyecta hacia la sociedad. Dado que cada día se amplía el abanico de opciones de estudios profesionales, se reducen las posibilidades para ingresar y permanecer en las instituciones de educación superior, disminuye la capacidad para atender la demanda y aumenta la concentración de estudiantes en algunas carreras, desde el ámbito educativo y sin pretender dar respuesta a todas estas situaciones de desventaja, derivadas en gran parte de procesos sociales que las condicionan, se han generado diversas prácticas que buscan promover decisiones vocacionales más adecuadas. Ante esta problemática y como parte de las estrategias para resolverlas, se propuso el “Taller de Orientación Profesiográfica” (TOP), que tiene como objetivo proporcionar a los estudiantes próximos a egresar del bachillerato la información profesiográfica de manera clara y precisa, la oferta educativa, el mercado laboral, las posibilidades de desarrollo personal y profesional, las instituciones educativas que las ofrecen y su ubicación en el Estado de Oaxaca. El TOP se impartió en cada uno de los 14 Sistemas de Educación Media Superior (SEMS) del Estado de Oaxaca durante los meses de septiembre, octubre y noviembre del 2014, se ofertó en la modalidad presencial a 15,264 estudiantes, se caracterizó por ser flexible y pudo ser aplicado con facilidad adecuándose al contexto

Tecnologías en los sistemas de propulsión híbridos: revisión de literatura

En este trabajo se presenta un resumen de una diversidad de desarrollos tecnológicos en los sistemas híbridos para la propulsión automotriz. Para ello, se buscaron en Google Scholar palabras clave como propulsión híbrida, autos eléctricos y conversión a híbrido. En total, se consiguieron cerca de 100 documentos publicados entre 1978 y 2018. En los datos recabados, se encontró que los sistemas de propulsión híbridos (gasolina y electricidad) presentan cinco áreas que describen el desarrollo tecnológico: unidad de potencia; sistema de control de potencia; sistema de almacenamiento de energía; estructura o arquitectura del tren motriz, y sistema para regenerar energía. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de vehículos eléctricos e híbridos aún requiere de mayor desarrollo para igualar o superar el desempeño y las características de los vehículos de MCI. Para lograrlo, se debe hacer énfasis en mejorar el sistema de almacenamiento de energía para alcanzar mayores recorridos por carga, así como incrementar la densidad de energía (kW/peso), reducir los costos, prolongar los ciclos de cargas y disminuir el tiempo de recarga

Activation of the regeneration-associated gene STAT3 and functional changes in intact nociceptors after peripheral nerve damage in mice

Background: In the context of neuropathic pain, the contribution of regeneration to the development of positive symptoms is not completely understood. Several efforts have been done to described changes in axotomized neurons, however, there is scarce data on changes occurring in intact neurons, despite experimental evidence of functional changes. To address this issue, we analysed by immunohistochemistry the presence of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), an accepted marker of regeneration, within DRGs where axotomized neurons were retrogradely labelled following peripheral nerve injury. Likewise, we have characterized abnormal electrophysiological properties in intact fibres after partial nerve injury. Methods/Results: We showed that induction of pSTAT3 in sensory neurons was similar after partial or total transection of the sciatic nerve and to the same extent within axotomized and non-axotomized neurons. We also examined pSTAT3 presence on non-peptidergic and peptidergic nociceptors. Whereas the percentage of neurons marked by IB4 decrease after injury, the proportion of CGRP neurons did not change, but its expression switched from small- to large-diameter neurons. Besides, the percentage of CGRP+ neurons expressing pSTAT3 increased significantly 2.5-folds after axotomy, preferentially in neurons with large diameters. Electrophysiological recordings showed that after nerve damage, most of the neurons with ectopic spontaneous activity (39/46) were non-axotomized C-fibres with functional receptive fields in the skin far beyond the site of damage. Conclusions: Neuronal regeneration after nerve injury, likely triggered from the site of injury, may explain the abnormal functional properties gained by intact neurons, reinforcing their role in neuropathic pain. Significance: Positive symptoms in patients with peripheral neuropathies correlate to abnormal functioning of different subpopulations of primary afferents. Peripheral nerve damage triggers regenerating programs in the cell bodies of axotomized but also in non-axotomized nociceptors which is in turn, develop abnormal spontaneous and evoked discharges. Therefore, intact nociceptors have a significant role in the development of neuropathic pain due to their hyperexcitable peripheral terminals. Therapeutical targets should focus on inhibiting peripheral hyperexcitability in an attempt to limit peripheral and central sensitization