Is theory of mind correlated with moral identity among primary school children?

The purpose of the research is to reveal the correlation between theory of mind (ToM) and moral identity (MI) among primary school children. A total of 148 primary school children were recruited into the research sample by using convenience sampling. The present research was designed as correlational research. The data about MI were gathered with the Moral Identity Test developed Coskun and Kara (2019) and the data about ToM were collected by using battery of theory of mind tasks consisting of eight ToM tasks. Data were analysed and it was observed that there was neither significant nor robust correlation between ToM and MI. Based on these results, it was concluded that this absence of correlation between the research variables may stem from differences between the focal point of MI and that of ToM

Impact of oleuropein on LCD-based stereolithography-assisted fabrication of 3D printed PEGDMA hydrogels

Nowadays, personalized nutrition/medicine has become one of the hot topics to modify target agent dosage and allow personalized treatment by changing geometries of printed gels. Light-induced 3D printing technologies enable fabrication of solid forms by mixing photocurable monomer with drug/active agents. However, the use of synthetic polymers and toxic photoinitiators (PIs) makes a concern for SLA printing. In this study, it was firstly aimed to use natural PI, riboflavin in precursor resin. Then, poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) based hydrogels embedded with oleuropein (OLE) were printed through UV-induced polymerization at varying shapes (radiator, hexagonal, square, ring, and round). Olive leaf extract including OLE as main antioxidant source is a valuable waste product for sustainability and additive/nutraceutical use in the food and pharma-ceutical industry. This work investigated fabricated 3D gels in terms of their printability, physical properties, physicochemical features, and drug-release profiles. More importantly, encapsulated OLE within 3D printed gel was examined to see the effect of light-induced printing on its antioxidant acitivity. 3D OLE added gels showed very high printability ratios which were close to 1 whereas control gel without OLE was not printed successfully. Moreover, the results confirmed the existence of antioxidant activity (up to 87%) of 3D gels even after UV -induced printing. Based on surface area/volume (SA/V) ratio, radiator and square gels gave the highest release as they had high SA/V proportions. Structural changes in the compounds after UV curing process was also confirmed by FT-IR spectrum. The drug release profiles followed the Peppas model having n value in the range of 0.44???0.54, demonstrating that the release was mostly affected by diffusion. This study shows potential contri-bution to pharmaceutical and food industries in terms of designing personalized OLE dosages using the Ster-eolithography (SLA) printing with controlled release by manipulating geometry alone

Synthesis, characterization, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor activity, and docking studies of phenylthiazol-2 (3h)-ylidene-isoquinoline-5-amine Derivatives

Phenylthiazol-2(3h)-ylidene-isoquinoline-5-amine derivatives(5a-r) were easily prepared from 5-aminoisoquinoline, thioisocyanate, and phenacyl bromide derivatives in the presence of triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethyl formamide (DMF) in two steps. In the first step, thiourea was synthesized in THF reflux, 24 h and then in the second step, the formation of thiazole ring was ensured in EtOH-DMF (5:5 v/v), reflux, 24 h. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The inhibitory effects of 18 newly synthesized compounds (5a-r) on hydratase and esterase activities of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA I, II, IX, and X) were studied in vitro.Research Fund of the anakkale Onsekiz Mart University [FBA-2020-3128]This work was supported by the Research Fund of the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University. Project Number: FBA-2020-3128

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for energy

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived dietary reference values for energy, which are provided as average requirements (ARs) of specified age and sex groups. For children and adults, total energy expenditure (TEE) was determined factorially from estimates of resting energy expenditure (REE) plus the energy needed for various levels of physical activity (PAL) associated with sustainable lifestyles in healthy individuals. To account for uncertainties inherent in the prediction of energy expenditure, ranges of the AR for energy were calculated with several equations for predicting REE in children (1-17 years) and adults. For practical reasons, only the REE estimated by the equations of Henry (2005) was used in the setting of the AR and multiplied with PAL values of 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0, which approximately reflect low active (sedentary), moderately active, active and very active lifestyles. For estimating REE in adults, body heights measured in representative national surveys in 13 EU Member States and body masses calculated from heights assuming a body mass index of 22 kg/m2 were used. For children, median body masses and heights from the WHO Growth Standards or from harmonised growth curves of children in the EU were used. Energy expenditure for growth was accounted for by a 1 % increase of PAL values for each age group. For infants (7-11 months), the AR was derived from TEE estimated by regression equation based on doubly labelled water (DLW) data, plus the energy needs for growth. For pregnant and lactating women, the additional energy for the deposition of newly formed tissue, and for milk output, was derived from data obtained by the DLW method and from factorial estimates, respectively. The proposed ARs for energy may need to be adapted depending on specific objectives and target populations

Zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance of chemically exchanging systems.

Zero- to ultralow-field (ZULF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an emerging tool for precision chemical analysis. In this work, we study dynamic processes and investigate the influence of chemical exchange on ZULF NMR J-spectra. We develop a computational approach that allows quantitative calculation of J-spectra in the presence of chemical exchange and apply it to study aqueous solutions of [15N]ammonium (15N[Formula: see text]) as a model system. We show that pH-dependent chemical exchange substantially affects the J-spectra and, in some cases, can lead to degradation and complete disappearance of the spectral features. To demonstrate potential applications of ZULF NMR for chemistry and biomedicine, we show a ZULF NMR spectrum of [2-13C]pyruvic acid hyperpolarized via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP). We foresee applications of affordable and scalable ZULF NMR coupled with hyperpolarization to study chemical exchange phenomena in vivo and in situations where high-field NMR detection is not possible to implement

The role of e-viztimization/bullying and self-efficacy on anxiety sensitivity in a school based sample

The aim of present study was to investigate the relationships among self-efficacy, e-victimization, e-bullying and anxiety sensitivity in adolescents. To achieve research aims, two different researches were conducted. The research group in study 1, designed as a correlational research, consisted of 225 adolescents ranged in age between 11 and 17 with a mean age of 12.32 (SD = 1.10), 114 female (50.7%) and 111 male (49.3%). Additionally, study 2 was carried with 237 adolescents ranged in age between 14 and 18 with a mean age of 15.86 (SD = .89), 181 female (76.4%) and 56 (23.6%). The Self-Efficacy Scale for Children (SES-C), The Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), The E-Victimization Scale (E-VS) and The E-Bullying Scale (E-BS) were used to as measures. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analyses were used in the data analysis. The results show that anxiety sensitivity was not correlated with academic self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, emotional self-efficacy and e-victimization (Study 1). In study 2, it was found that anxiety sensitivity was negatively correlated with emotional self-efficacy. Moreover, anxiety sensitivity was not associated with academic self-efficacy, social self-efficacy and e-bullying. Overall, emotional self-efficacy accounted for 5% of total variance of anxiety sensitivity