24,791 research outputs found
Convection and oscillations
In this short review on stellar convection dynamics I address the following,
currently very topical, issues: (1) the surface effects of the Reynolds
stresses and nonadiabaticity on solar-like pulsation frequencies, and (2)
oscillation mode lifetimes of stochastically excited oscillations in red giants
computed with different time-dependent convection formulations.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichten, HELA IV
proceedings, T. Roca Cort\'es, P. Pall\'e, S. Jim\'enez Reyes, eds, 7 figure
Searching the critical soil organic carbon threshold for satisfactory tilth conditions – test of the Dexter clay:carbon hypothesis
The concern for deteriorating soil structure at low soil organic matter (SOM) contents calls for better knowledge of SOM interaction with soil minerals as well as guidelines for soil conservation. We measured clay dispersibility in a field with a textural gradient. Our results support the concept of differentiating soil content of clay in a complexed and non-complexed part although our data did not point out an exact clay/OC ratio threshold. Our results also indicated that labile fractions of SOM may play an important role in soil physical behavior. We revisited literature data and found evidence that soil content of fines (<2 or <20 μm) is a major determinant of soil specific surface area (SA). We noted that soil SA coverage with SOM changed dramatically at a specific ratio of either clay (<2 μm) or clay+silt (<20 μm) with soil OC. This is an indirect support of the recently suggested quantification of the soil mineral ‘saturation’ hypothesis. More studies are needed on the causal relationships. We conclude that clay/OC~10 or (clay+silt20μm)/OC~20 are corresponding indices reflecting shift in soil physical behavior
QFT, String Temperature and the String Phase of De Sitter Space-time
The density of mass levels \rho(m) and the critical temperature for strings
in de Sitter space-time are found. QFT and string theory in de Sitter space are
compared. A `Dual'-transform is introduced which relates classical to quantum
string lengths, and more generally, QFT and string domains. Interestingly, the
string temperature in De Sitter space turns out to be the Dual transform of the
QFT-Hawking-Gibbons temperature. The back reaction problem for strings in de
Sitter space is addressed selfconsistently in the framework of the `string
analogue' model (or thermodynamical approach), which is well suited to combine
QFT and string study.We find de Sitter space-time is a self-consistent solution
of the semiclassical Einstein equations in this framework. Two branches for the
scalar curvature R(\pm) show up: a classical, low curvature solution (-), and a
quantum high curvature solution (+), enterely sustained by the strings. There
is a maximal value for the curvature R_{\max} due to the string back reaction.
Interestingly, our Dual relation manifests itself in the back reaction
solutions: the (-) branch is a classical phase for the geometry with intrinsic
temperature given by the QFT-Hawking-Gibbons temperature.The (+) is a stringy
phase for the geometry with temperature given by the intrinsic string de Sitter
temperature. 2 + 1 dimensions are considered, but conclusions hold generically
in D dimensions.Comment: LaTex, 24 pages, no figure
Exact Renormalization Group for O(4) Gauged Supergravity
We study exact renormalization group (RG) in O(4) gauged supergravity using
the effective average action formalism. The nonperturbative RG equations for
cosmological and newtonian coupling constants are found. It is shown the
existence of (nonstable) fixed point of these equations. The solution of RG
equation for newtonian coupling constant is qualitatively the same as in
Einstein gravity(i.e. it is growing at large distances).Comment: Latex file, 11 page
A spectroscopic look at the gravitationally lensed type Ia SN 2016geu at z=0.409
The spectacular success of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in SN-cosmology is
based on the assumption that their photometric and spectroscopic properties are
invariant with redshift. However, this fundamental assumption needs to be
tested with observations of high-z SNe Ia. To date, the majority of SNe Ia
observed at moderate to large redshifts (0.4 < z < 1.0) are faint, and the
resultant analyses are based on observations with modest signal-to-noise ratios
that impart a degree of ambiguity in their determined properties. In rare cases
however, the Universe offers a helping hand: to date a few SNe Ia have been
observed that have had their luminosities magnified by intervening galaxies and
galaxy clusters acting as gravitational lenses. In this paper we present
long-slit spectroscopy of the lensed SNe Ia 2016geu, which occurred at a
redshift of z=0.409, and was magnified by a factor of ~55 by a galaxy located
at z=0.216. We compared our spectra, which were obtained a couple weeks to a
couple months past peak light, with the spectroscopic properties of
well-observed, nearby SNe Ia, finding that SN 2016geu's properties are
commensurate with those of SNe Ia in the local universe. Based primarily on the
velocity and strength of the Si II 6355 absorption feature, we find that SN
2016geu can be classified as a high-velocity, high-velocity gradient and
"core-normal" SN Ia. The strength of various features (measured though their
pseudo-equivalent widths) argue against SN 2016geu being a faint, broad-lined,
cool or shallow-silicon SN Ia. We conclude that the spectroscopic properties of
SN 2016geu imply that it is a normal SN Ia, and when taking previous results by
other authors into consideration, there is very little, if any, evolution in
the observational properties of SNe Ia up to z~0.4. [Abridged]Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to MNRAS. Comments welcome
Probing the internal magnetic field of slowly pulsating B-stars through g modes
We suggest that high-order g modes can be used as a probe of the internal
magnetic field of SPB (slowly pulsating B) stars. The idea is based on earlier
work by the authors which analytically investigated the effect of a vertical
magnetic field on p and g modes in a plane-parallel isothermal stratified
atmosphere. It was found that even a weak field can significantly shift the
g-mode frequencies -- the effect increases with mode order. In the present
study we adopt the classical perturbative approach to estimate the internal
field of a 4 solar mass SPB star by looking at its effect on a low-degree
() and high-order () g mode with a period of about 1.5 d. We find
that a polar field strength of about 110 kG on the edge of the convective core
is required to produce a frequency shift of 1%. Frequency splittings of that
order have been observed in several SPB variables, in some cases clearly too
small to be ascribed to rotation. We suggest that they may be due to a poloidal
field with a strength of order 100 kG, buried in the deep interior of the star.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures (to appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Analytical evaluation of the X-ray scattering contribution to imaging degradation in grazing-incidence X-ray telescopes
The focusing performance of X-ray optics (conveniently expressed in terms of
HEW, Half Energy Width) strongly depend on both mirrors deformations and photon
scattering caused by the microroughness of reflecting surfaces. In particular,
the contribution of X-ray Scattering (XRS) to the HEW of the optic is usually
an increasing function H(E) of the photon energy E. Therefore, in future hard
X-ray imaging telescopes of the future (SIMBOL-X, NeXT, Constellation-X, XEUS),
the X-ray scattering could be the dominant problem since they will operate also
in the hard X-ray band (i.e. beyond 10 keV). [...]
Several methods were proposed in the past years to estimate the scattering
contribution to the HEW, dealing with the surface microroughness expressed in
terms of its Power Spectral Density (PSD), on the basis of the well-established
theory of X-ray scattering from rough surfaces. We faced that problem on the
basis on the same theory, but we tried a new approach: the direct, analytical
translation of a given surface roughness PSD into a H(E) trend, and - vice
versa - the direct translation of a H(E) requirement into a surface PSD. This
PSD represents the maximum tolerable microroughness level in order to meet the
H(E) requirement in the energy band of a given X-ray telescope.
We have thereby found a new, analytical and widely applicable formalism to
compute the XRS contribution to the HEW from the surface PSD, provided that the
PSD had been measured in a wide range of spatial frequencies. The inverse
problem was also solved, allowing the immediate evaluation of the mirror
surface PSD from a measured function H(E). The same formalism allows
establishing the maximum allowed PSD of the mirror in order to fulfill a given
H(E) requirement. [...]Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, sect.
"Astronomical Instrumentation". In this version, a typo in two equations has
been corrected. After the correction, the other results, formulae and
conclusions in the paper remain unchange
QUANTUM CORRECTIONS AND EXTREMAL BLACK HOLES
We consider static solutions of two dimensional dilaton gravity models as toy
laboratories to address the question of the final fate of black holes. A non
perturbative correction to the CGHS potential term is shown to lead classically
to an extremal black hole geometry, thus providing a plausible solution to
Hawking evaporation paradox. However, the full quantum theory does not admit an
extremal solution.Comment: 12 pages, LaTex, no figures. We have improved the main argument
leading to the non-existence of an extremal black hole in the quantum theor
Shannon Multiresolution Analysis on the Heisenberg Group
We present a notion of frame multiresolution analysis on the Heisenberg
group, abbreviated by FMRA, and study its properties. Using the irreducible
representations of this group, we shall define a sinc-type function which is
our starting point for obtaining the scaling function. Further, we shall give a
concrete example of a wavelet FMRA on the Heisenberg group which is analogous
to the Shannon
MRA on \RR.Comment: 17 page
From Offshore Operation to Onshore Simulator: Using Visualized Ethnographic Outcomes to Work with Systems Developers
This paper focuses on the process of translating insights from a Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)-based study, conducted on a vessel at sea, into a model that can assist systems developers working with simulators, which are used by vessel operators for training purposes on land. That is, the empirical study at sea brought about rich insights into cooperation, which is important for systems developers to know about and consider in their designs. In the paper, we establish a model that primarily consists of a ‘computational artifact’. The model is designed to support researchers working with systems developers. Drawing on marine examples, we focus on the translation process and investigate how the model serves to visualize work activities; how it addresses relations between technical and computational artifacts, as well as between functions in technical systems and functionalities in cooperative systems. In turn, we link design back to fieldwork studies
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