Spontaneous entanglement leakage of two static entangled Unruh-DeWitt detectors

Two entangled two-level Unruh-DeWitt detectors, which are in rest, spontaneously loose entanglement when at least any one of them is not isolated from the environment quantum fields. For eternal interaction between the detectors and environment, the spontaneous emission from the detectors' exited states and vacuum fluctuations of field influence this negative effect. Consequently, it suggests that two entangled qubits become less communicated during their free-fall towards the black hole horizon.Comment: Minor modification, to appear in Phys. Rev.

MEC-Intelligent Agent Support for Low-Latency Data Plane in Private NextG Core

Private 5G networks will soon be ubiquitous across the future-generation smart wireless access infrastructures hosting a wide range of performance-critical applications. A high-performing User Plane Function (UPF) in the data plane is critical to achieving such stringent performance goals, as it governs fast packet processing and supports several key control-plane operations. Based on a private 5G prototype implementation and analysis, it is imperative to perform dynamic resource management and orchestration at the UPF. This paper leverages Mobile Edge Cloud-Intelligent Agent (MEC-IA), a logically centralized entity that proactively distributes resources at UPF for various service types, significantly reducing the tail latency experienced by the user requests while maximizing resource utilization. Extending the MEC-IA functionality to MEC layers further incurs data plane latency reduction. Based on our extensive simulations, under skewed uRLLC traffic arrival, the MEC-IA assisted bestfit UPF-MEC scheme reduces the worst-case latency of UE requests by up to 77.8% w.r.t. baseline. Additionally, the system can increase uRLLC connectivity gain by 2.40x while obtaining 40% CapEx savings

Single cell fertilizer (SCF): Evidence to prove that bio-molecules are potent nutrient for plant growth

Fertilizers of various kinds are used for the cultivation of crop plants for hyper production of plant based food materials. The study used bio-molecules made in a bacterial cell. The experimental results showed tremendous effect on plant growth. These cellular molecules were made by treating the bacterial cells with lysozyme and protenase K. The wet/weight was increased in multiple folds compared to that of control sets. The fold of increase was 4.79 for rice, 2.77 for wheat, 1.89 for gram and 1.89 for pea when bacterial cellular molecules were used as fertilizer

The impact of surface and geometry on coefficient of friction of artificial hip joints

Coefficient of friction (COF) tests were conducted on 28-mm and 36-mm-diameter hip joint prostheses for four different material combinations, with or without the presence of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles using a novel pendulum hip simulator. The effects of three micro dimpled arrays on femoral head against a polyethylene and a metallic cup were also investigated. Clearance played a vital role in the COF of ceramic on polyethylene and ceramic on ceramic artificial hip joints. Micro dimpled metallic femoral heads yielded higher COF against a polyethylene cup; however, with metal on metal prostheses the dimpled arrays significantly reduced the COF. In situ images revealed evidence that the dimple arrays enhanced film formation, which was the main mechanism that contributed to reduced friction

Raman analysis of chemisorbed tribofilm for metal-on-polyethylene hip joint prostheses

The biochemical reaction during the formation of lubricant film the in case of a cobalt-chromium ball on an ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethylene cup was studied. Three types of model synovial fluids and hyaluronic acid (HA) at physiologic concentrations were used in the experiment. The coefficient of friction was measured using a pendulum hip simulator, and Raman spectroscopy was used to perceive chemical reactions between the synovial fluid and implant material. Raman spectra evidenced that the three model fluids and HA chemisorbed onto the cobalt-chromium surface. An -helix structure of the model fluid components was detected on the surface of the prosthesis

Wear Debris Characterization and Corresponding Biological Response: Artificial Hip and Knee Joints

Wear debris, of deferent sizes, shapes and quantities, generated in artificial hip and knees is largely confined to the bone and joint interface. This debris interacts with periprosthetic tissue and may cause aseptic loosening. The purpose of this review is to summarize and collate findings of the recent demonstrations on debris characterization and their biological response that influences the occurrence in implant migration. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature is performed, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria addressing mainly debris isolation, characterization, and biologic responses. Results show that debris characterization largely depends on their appropriate and accurate isolation protocol. The particles are found to be non-uniform in size and non-homogeneously distributed into the periprosthetic tissues. In addition, the sizes, shapes, and volumes of the particles are influenced by the types of joints, bearing geometry, material combination, and lubricant. Phagocytosis of wear debris is size dependent; high doses of submicron-sized particles induce significant level of secretion of bone resorbing factors. However, articles on wear debris from engineered surfaces (patterned and coated) are lacking. The findings suggest considering debris morphology as an important parameter to evaluate joint simulator and newly developed implant materials

The Effects of Surface Roughness on the Durability of Polydopamine/PTFE Solid Lubricant Coatings on NiTiNOL 60

NiTiNOL 60, or 60NiTi, is a nickel–titanium alloy being investigated for bearing and gear applications. 60NiTi has many desirable properties for these applications; for example, it is hard, electrically conductive, highly corrosion resistant, superelastic, and nonmagnetic. However, its tribological performance is poor in unlubricated conditions. In this study, a polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) coating with a polydopamine (PDA) adhesive underlayer was deposited on 60NiTi and evaluated for friction and wear reduction. Additionally, the effects of the substrate surface roughness on the tribological performance of the coating were investigated. The results showed that PDA/PTFE coating on 60NiTi reduced the coefficient of friction (COF) more than 85% and prevented wear of 60NiTi for thousands of rubbing cycles during accelerated tests. Furthermore, modifying the 60NiTi substrate surface through various grinding and polishing procedures increased the durability of the coating more than 30 times. Therefore, the coating and substrate surface combination showed the potential to provide solid lubrication for 60NiTi

Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of extracts from leaves and stem of Ecbolium linneanum

The soxhlet extracts of leaves and stem of Ecbolium linneanum using different solvents were investigated for their phytochemical and antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activity was performed by using well agar and disc diffusion methods. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that leaves and stem contained various phytochemicals and were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. The bacterial pathogens were strongly inhibited by leaf extracts but acetone extracts of stem have failed to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa even at the highest concentration. The results revealed that leaf extracts were found to be more effective than stem extracts. E. linneanum possesses antimicrobial activity against most commonly encountered human pathogens

3D printed PCU/UHMWPE polymeric blend for artificial knee meniscus

3D printing was used to fabricate porous polycarbonate-urethane (PCU) and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) blend for the artificial meniscus to enable native lubrication mechanisms of the knee. 3D printed PCU and molded PCU and UHMWPE were used for comparison. Cross-sectional images of 3D printed PCU and PCU/UHMWPE blend showed 6.34% and 13.61% porosity, respectively, while no porosity was observed in molded samples. This porosity leads to 46% more fluid absorbed by 3D printed PCU than molded PCU. Rotational oscillating tests under conditions replicating the knee motion show 3D printed PCU has 27% less wear depth than molded PCU due to retained fluid in its porosity. Thus, 3D printing provides a facile approach to fabricate porous, customizable PCU implants that mimic meniscus lubrication