50 research outputs found
DĂ©localiser L'esprit
International audienceLes sciences cognitives ont redonnĂ© de l'actualitĂ© au vieux problĂšme des localisations cĂ©rĂ©brales, qui a souvent Ă©tĂ© un motif Ă plaisanteries. Quant Ă la question plus philosophique de la , des auteurs comme Peirce, James, Wittgenstein et actuellement Vincent Descombes, ont imaginĂ© dĂ©localiser l'esprit, pour mieux rĂ©puter dĂ©nuĂ©e de sens l'idĂ©e mĂȘme d'un du mental et critiquer le localisationnisme qu'on retrouve chez les cogniticiens aujourd'hui
Des frontiÚres invisibles dans la ville ?
La rĂ©partition spatiale des zones dâhabitat nâest pas la simple et directe expression dans lâespace urbain de la stratification sociale et de la hiĂ©rarchie des revenus. De nombreux facteurs sont amenĂ©s Ă jouer, le facteur Ă©conomique nâĂ©tant ni le seul, ni dans certains cas le principal Ă intervenir dans la dĂ©termination des lieux de rĂ©sidence. Parmi les nombreux paramĂštres qui doivent ĂȘtre pris en compte, il convient de ne pas sous-estimer ceux qui relĂšvent du symbolique. Invisible boundaries within cities ? The spatial distribution of zones of residence is not the simple and direct expression of social stratification and income differences in urban space. The economic factor is neither the only nor the main component intervening in the determination of social areas. Among the numerous parameters which must be taken into account, those of symbolic importance should not be underestimated
Des frontiÚres invisibles dans la ville ?
La rĂ©partition spatiale des zones dâhabitat nâest pas la simple et directe expression dans lâespace urbain de la stratification sociale et de la hiĂ©rarchie des revenus. De nombreux facteurs sont amenĂ©s Ă jouer, le facteur Ă©conomique nâĂ©tant ni le seul, ni dans certains cas le principal Ă intervenir dans la dĂ©termination des lieux de rĂ©sidence. Parmi les nombreux paramĂštres qui doivent ĂȘtre pris en compte, il convient de ne pas sous-estimer ceux qui relĂšvent du symbolique. Invisible boundaries within cities ? The spatial distribution of zones of residence is not the simple and direct expression of social stratification and income differences in urban space. The economic factor is neither the only nor the main component intervening in the determination of social areas. Among the numerous parameters which must be taken into account, those of symbolic importance should not be underestimated
Experience and Nature
Deweyâs influence is seldom mentioned in the literature when the relationships between Wittgenstein and pragmatism are addressed. Yet, it should be known that Deweyâs philosophy is clearly echoed in Wittgensteinâs later philosophy, as it is expressed in his Philosophical Investigations. In particular, Deweyâs Experience and Nature develops many creeds also taken up by Wittgenstein: for instance, the critic attitude towards artificial notions that break with primary experience (e.g., the âSelfâ), the will to bring philosophy back to the ordinary, or the emphasis laid on the necessity to pay attention to what lies open to the view. Consequently, the influence of pragmatism on Wittgenstein is far from being limited to the influence of C. S. Peirce or of W. James
Sujet et polyphonie dans Ariane Ă Naxos et La femme sans ombre DâHofmannsthal*
Dans les annĂ©es 1960, la mort du sujet Ă©tait une idĂ©e triomphante, marquant lâavĂšnement dâun structuralisme source de renouvellement important en sciences humaines et en philosophie, Mais Ă Vienne, au tournant du siĂšcle, la crise du sujet fut au contraire une pensĂ©e morbide conforme Ă lâobsession du dĂ©clin qui hantait cette gĂ©nĂ©ration. Elle se prĂȘtait Ă toutes sortes de variations philosophiques et littĂ©raires. La cĂ©lĂšbre « Lettre Ă Lord Chandos » illustre dramatiquement la dissociation du moi, sa dilatation jusquâaux limites du monde. Au thĂ©Ăątre, câest par touches plus lĂ©gĂšres quâHofmannstahl met en scĂšne des personnalitĂ©s dissociĂ©es mises Ă la mode par la littĂ©rature psychiatrique de lâĂ©poque. Dans deux de ses livrets dâopĂ©ras Ă©crits pour R. Strauss, Ariane Ă Naxos et La femme sans ombre, des femmes incarnent la crise du sujet avec lâaide supplĂ©mentaire de la polyphonie vocale.In den 1960er Jahren feierte der Begriff des Todes des Subjekts wahre Triumphe. Er kam mit dem Strukturalismus auf, der einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Erneuerung der Humanwissenschaften und der Philosophie leistete. Im Wien der Jahrhundertwende aber wurzelte die Krise des Subjekts in einer morbiden Gedankenwelt, die den unter den meisten Köpfen dieser Generation spukenden Verfallsobsessionen entsprach. Der berĂŒhmte «Brief an Lord Chandos» zeigt in dramatischer Form die Spaltung des Ich bzw. dessen an die Grenzen der Welt stoĂende Dehnung. Auf dem Theater inszeniert Hofmannstahl â diesmal mit leichteren Strichen â gespaltene Persönlichkeiten, wie sie durch die psychiatrische Literatur der Zeit in Mode gekommen waren. In seinen beiden Opernlibretti Ariadne auf Naxos und Frau ohne Schatten wird die Krise des Subjekts von Frauen verkörpert: die Polyphonie der Stimmen tut ein ĂŒbriges dazu
Introduction to the Symposium âWittgenstein and Pragmatism: A Reassessmentâ
The connections between Wittgensteinâs philosophy and the pragmatist tradition are often alluded to, but seldom thoroughly explored. It is commonly assumed that Wittgenstein was scarcely acquainted with such authors as Charles Sanders Peirce or John Dewey (a false idea, as we shall see), even though he had a rather extended knowledge of the philosophy of William James. Nevertheless, the converging features between Wittgenstein and pragmatism are quite striking: we shall hardly need to mention..
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Bourdieusian Reflections on Language: Unavoidable Conditions of the Real Speech Situation
The main purpose of this paper is to shed light on Pierre Bourdieuâs conception of language. Although he has dedicated a significant part of his work to the study of language and even though his analysis of language has been extensively discussed in the literature, almost no attention has been paid to the factthat Bourdieuâs account of language is based on a number of ontological presuppositions, that is, on a set of universal assumptions about the very nature of language. This article aims to fill this gap in the literature by offering a detailed overview of 10 key features which, from a Bourdieusian point of view, can be regarded as inherent in language. On the basis of this enquiry,the study seeks todemonstrate thatââcontraryto commonbeliefââthere is not only a Bourdieusian sociology of language but also a Bourdieusian philosophy of language, which provides a useful theoretical framework for examining the unavoidable conditions of the real speech situation. The paper draws to a close by reflecting on the flaws and limitations of Bourdieuâs approach to language
Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences
The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & NemĂ©sio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; NemĂ©sio 2009aâb; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported
by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on
18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based
researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016
Dispositions ou capacités ?
La philosophie sociale de Wittgenstein Ă©mane avant tout dâune pensĂ©e de la pratique qui occupe chez lui une place majeure et lâapparente Ă certains pragmatistes amĂ©ricains. Il nâest pourtant pas dispositionnaliste comme Peirce, et dĂ©veloppe une critique radicale de lâexplication dispositionnelle de lâaction. Substituant Ă la notion, lourdement causale selon lui, de disposition celle de capacitĂ© comme maĂźtrise dâune technique inculquĂ©e par un apprentissage, voire un dressage, il utilise cette notion dans le cadre dâexplications par les raisons, seules aptes Ă rendre compte de lâaction humaine. Quant Ă sa conception du suivi de la rĂšgle, elle instaure la prioritĂ© du social, faisant valoir que les coutumes et institutions sont toujours prĂ©supposĂ©es par le suivi individuel des rĂšgles et au fondement de celles-ci, ce qui ne dĂ©bouche sur aucun scepticisme, contrairement Ă ce quâa cru comprendre Kripke.Wittgensteinâs social philosophy rests on a conception of practice which is essential to his work and drives him close to some American pragmatists. He is not a dispositionalist as Peirce was, and radically criticizes the dispositional explanation of action. To the heavily causal notion of disposition he substitutes that of capacity, which he conceives of as the possession of a technique acquired by learning, or by training. He uses the notion of capacity in the framework of an explanation of action by reasons, which he takes to be the only way to account for human action. His conception of rule following sets the primacy of the social, as it asserts that customs and institutions are always presupposed in individual rule following and are the rock bottom of it. This conception doesnât lead to any kind of scepticism, contrary to what Kripke has suggested
Indexicalité et assertion chez Peirce
On connaĂźt la maxime fondamentale du « pragmatisme » de Peirce, qui fait rĂ©sider la signification dâun signe dans ses « effets pratiques » concevables : « ConsidĂšre quels sont les effets pratiques que nous pensons pouvoir ĂȘtre produits par lâobjet. La conception de ces effets est la conception complĂšte de lâobjet. » (5.402) En accord avec cette maxime, qui insiste sur les consĂ©quences dâun Ă©noncĂ©, et grĂące aux ressources de sa sĂ©miotique, qui lui fournit la notion dâindex, Peirce a dĂ©veloppĂ© ..