The extrusion of atomized powders of some aluminium alloys

Imperial Users onl

Development of IAEA High Level Guidelines for Designers and Operators - Safeguards-By-Design

At the end of 2008, the IAEA launched a new task on ¿Guidance for Designers and Operators and Measures to facilitate the implementation of Safeguards at Future Nuclear Cycle Facilities¿, contributed by EURATOM and other MS Support Programmes, whose goal is to formulate ¿safeguards by design¿, or SBD, Guidelines to designers and operators. SBD is a process that facilitates the implementation of international safeguards by taking into account requirements and guidelines very early in the design phase. To this scope, the legal framework and the interaction among the stake-holders need to be improved. The overall process can thus be made more effective and efficient without costly back-fitting and iterations. In this context, at the end of 2008, the IAEA launched a new task on ¿Guidance for Designers and Operators and Measures to facilitate the implementation of Safeguards at Future Nuclear Cycle Facilities¿, with contributions by EURATOM and other Member State Support Programmes (MSSP). A first set of high level guidelines of the IAEA Safeguards by Design series was drafted by EURATOM experts, and will be the basis for further improvements. This paper will develop on the contents of the document, as well as on methodological developments. Facility specific guidelines will have to be prepared to serve as reference for the design of new evolutionary and innovative facilities. All this will be achieved within useful deadlines with the contributions of other support programmes.JRC.DG.E.9-Nuclear security (Ispra

Divergent longitudinal propagation of white matter degradation in logopenic and semantic variants of primary progressive aphasia

Background: Clinico-pathological distinction of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) can be challenging at clinic presentation. In particular, cross-sectional neuroimaging signatures across the logopenic (lvPPA) and semantic (svPPA) variants are difficult to establish, with longitudinal profiles showing greater divergence. Objective: Assess longitudinal propagation of white matter degradation in lvPPA and svPPA to determine disease progression over time, and whether this reflects distinct underlying pathology. Method: A cohort of 27 patients with dementia (12 lvPPA; 15 svPPA) and 12 healthy controls were assessed at baseline and 1-year follow-up on the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised and Sydney Language Battery. Diffusion weighted images were collected at both time-points and analyzed for longitudinal white matter change using DTI-TK and TBSS. Results: LvPPA patients showed a significant decline in naming and repetition, over 1 year, while svPPA patients declined in naming and comprehension. Longitudinal imaging revealed widespread bilateral degradation of white matter tracts in lvPPA over a 1-year period with early involvement of the left posterior inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). SvPPA demonstrated focal left lateralized white matter degradation involving the uncinate fasciculus (UF) and anterior ILF, propagating to the right UF with disease progression. Conclusions: LvPPA and svPPA cohorts showed distinct longitudinal cognitive and white matter profiles. We propose differences in multi-centric and focal white matter dysfunction in lvPPA and svPPA, respectively, reflect underlying pathological differences. The clinical relevance of white matter degradation and mechanisms underlying disease propagation are discussed

The EURATOM Safeguards on-site Laboratories at the Reprocessing Plants of La Hague and Sellafield � Ten Years of Operation

Euratom safeguards was the first international safeguards organisation having to cope with nuclear material safeguards in huge industrial scale reprocessing facilities. The four plants in the UK (Magnox, Thorp) and France (UP2, UP3) were built in two sites. Thorough analysis concluded that sampling is needed; the transport of the samples to a central Euratom laboratory should be avoided. It was decided to establish laboratories on the site of Sellafield and La Hague. These laboratories were opened about ten years ago and have been working continuously. They are staffed by experts of the Institute for Transuranium Elements, JRC-ITU, at Karlsruhe. ITU staff is present on-site for more than 40 weeks per year, ensuring a continuous flow of samples and of results. The laboratories receive samples from all the plants on the respective sites, with input solution, plutonium products (including mixed oxides) and inventory samples being the most important type of material. The criteria for selection of the measurement methods for these samples are based on a combination of highest possible accuracy and a minimum of resource consumption. The data can be used for direct comparison with the operator�s results and they allow an evaluation of the material flows and material balance in a timely manner. The paper will give an overview of 10 years of operation of the laboratories. Emphasis will be on analytical techniques, measurement uncertainties, and on the renovation of measurement equipment, which is becoming a serious issue after ten years of operation. The first major equipment replacement carried out now is the exchange of a mass spectrometer at the Sellafield laboratory. The safeguards impact will be discussed, and the lessons learned and the way forward will be presented.JRC.E.7 - Nuclear Safeguards and Forensic

Physical Exercise and Factors Affecting Among Adult Diabetic Patients at Wolaita Soddo University Teaching Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Background: Physical activity is an important factor in reducing morbidity from diabetes and maintaining quality of life. Regular physical activity may help to increase the glucose uptake and improve insulin sensitivity in muscle, thus leading to good glycemic control. Even though its positive impact on diabetic patients is scientifically proven, there is lack of research findings on the topic in the country especially in Wolaita zone. Therefore፣ this study aimed to assess physical Exercise and factors affecting  among adult Diabetic patients at Wolaita Soddo University Teaching Referral Hospital. A facility based cross-sectional study design was used and data was collected from 201 adult diabetic patients by using structured questionnaire for patient interview to collect information on socio-demographic, socio-economic and  the patient’s knowledge ,practice and attitude towards  physical exercise. Among 201 patients participated in the study, 118(58.7%) were males and majority of the respondents found with in age range of 45-54, 78(38.8%) followed by 55-64, 51(27%).  Majority,142 (70.6%) of diabetic patients had a body mass index of above a normal value indicating that they had obesity. Furthermore, 166 (82.6%) of the respondents had positive attitude towards importance of physical exercise for their health but only 18.4%  were practicing regular physical exercise for which absence of clear instruction or education given, 21(24.5%) followed by  being busy by other tasks accounting 16(22%) were found to be common barriers affecting  physical exercise. In conclusion this study found that level of practicing regular physical exercise among adult diabetic patients at Wolaita Soddo University teaching referral hospital was found to be insufficient and majority of the diabetic patients were obese .Hence there should be regular follow up of patients’ body mass index and regular exercise education should be given during their each hospital visit. Keywords:  Physical exercise, Soddo, Diabetes, Practice, Attitud

Egocentric versus Allocentric Spatial Memory in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease

Background: Diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) can be challenging, in particular when patients present with significant memory problems, which can increase the chance of a misdiagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Growing evidence suggests spatial orientation is a reliable cognitive marker able to differentiate these two clinical syndromes. Objective: Assess the integrity of egocentric and allocentric heading orientation and memory in bvFTD and AD, and their clinical implications. Method: A cohort of 22 patient with dementia (11 bvFTD; 11 AD) and 14 healthy controls were assessed on the virtual supermarket task of spatial orientation and a battery of standardized neuropsychological measures of visual and verbal memory performance. Results: Judgements of egocentric and allocentric heading direction were differentially impaired in bvFTD and AD, with AD performing significantly worse on egocentric heading judgements than bvFTD. Both patient cohorts, however, showed similar degree of impaired allocentric spatial representation, and associated hippocampal pathology. Conclusions: The findings suggest egocentric heading judgements offer a more sensitive discriminant of bvFTD and AD than allocentric map-based measures of spatial memory

Satire musicale et nouvelles formes d’expression des mouvements citoyens au Cameroun : esquisse d’analyse des textes musicaux de Valsero et Dimaï

Après l’indépendance, les formes visibles d’engagement (surtout politique) étaient conduites du haut, à travers le parti unique qui constituait un véritable cadre de contrôle social. Les luttes de libéralisation politique ainsi que l’élection présidentielle controversée de 1992 ont suscité des vagues de mobilisations favorisées par la loi n° 90/55 du 19 décembre 1990 portant sur le régime des réunions et manifestations publiques. Mais à l’observation, il se dégage un fossé entre cette loi et sa mise en pratique ayant pour conséquence, l’interdiction ou la répression des mobilisations sociales et politiques de rue surtout lorsqu’elles ne sont pas favorables au parti au pouvoir en place. Les travaux sur la fin des manifestations ou la démobilisation collective au Cameroun mettent en exergue ce système répressif. Cet état de chose, loin de mettre un terme aux mobilisations et expressions citoyennes, les reconfigure plutôt. Cet article fait un retour sur une forme de mobilisation à travers la mise en musique des frustrations collectives par deux artistes retenus ici à savoir Valsero et Dimaï. Ce travail montre que la protestation ou satire musicale est la voie des « outsiders » face à un système répressif qui impose le raffinement des registres de participation. Les paradigmes de « la frustration relative » et de la « mobilisation des ressources » permettent d’analyser ces modes d’action comme réaction aux frustrations sociales permanentes mais qui laissent percevoir une certaine spécialisation des modes opératoires

To Play Many Parts: Reading Between the Lines of Charlotte Salomon/CS’s Leben? oder Theater?

This conversation with Griselda Pollock, Professor of the Social and Critical Histories of Art in the School of Fine Art, History of Art and Cultural Studies at the University of Leeds, UK, focuses on her most recent book, Charlotte Salomon and the Theatre of Memory (New Haven and London : Yale University Press, 2018). The latter provides new readings of Leben ? oder Theater ? (Life ? or Theater ?), the artistic project of the German Jewish artist Charlotte Salomon (1917–1943), who painted as CS — the cipher the artist purposely used to disguise both her gender and her ethnicity — thus challenging previous interpretations that treat this remarkable intermedial work as straightforwardly autobiographical