Variables e instrumentos para la evaluación del desempeño individual en el trabajo

The objective of this editorial is to synthesize the conceptual and instrumental debates on individual job performance (IDP). It is expected to offer the audience of Cuadernos Latinoamericanos de Administración a general theoretical and methodological framework for the academic and organizational use of performance evaluations. Although there are recent literature reviews on the subject (eg (Koopmans et al. 2011, Ones et al. 2018), evidence syntheses have focused on discussing the conceptual dimensionality of ECD, resulting in little information for decision making regarding the instruments for its measurement.El objetivo de esta editorial es sintetizar los debates conceptuales e instrumentales sobre el desempeño individual en el trabajo (DIT). Se espera ofrecer a la audiencia de Cuadernos Latinoamericanos de Administración un marco teórico y metodológico general para el uso académico y organizacional de las evaluaciones de desempeño. Si bien existen revisiones de literatura recientes sobre el asunto (e.g. (Koopmans et al. 2011, Ones et al. 2018), las síntesis de la evidencia se han enfocado en discutir la dimensionalidad conceptual del DIT, resultando poco informativas para la toma de decisiones en cuanto a los instrumentos para su medición

Being oneself through time: bases of self-continuity across 55 cultures

Self-continuity – the sense that one’s past, present, and future are meaningfully connected – is considered a defining feature of personal identity. However, bases of self-continuity may depend on cultural beliefs about personhood. In multilevel analyses of data from 7287 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations, we tested a new tripartite theoretical model of bases of self-continuity. As expected, perceptions of stability, sense of narrative, and associative links to one’s past each contributed to predicting the extent to which people derived a sense of self-continuity from different aspects of their identities. Ways of constructing self-continuity were moderated by cultural and individual differences in mutable (vs. immutable) personhood beliefs – the belief that human attributes are malleable. Individuals with lower mutability beliefs based self-continuity more on stability; members of cultures where mutability beliefs were higher based self-continuity more on narrative. Bases of self-continuity were also moderated by cultural variation in contextualized (vs. decontextualized) personhood beliefs, indicating a link to cultural individualism-collectivism. Our results illustrate the cultural flexibility of the motive for self-continuity

Individual and culture-level components of survey response styles: a multi-level analysis using cultural models of selfhood

Variations in acquiescence and extremity pose substantial threats to the validity of cross-cultural research that relies on survey methods. Individual and cultural correlates of response styles when using two contrasting types of response mode were investigated, drawing on data from 55 cultural groups across 33 nations. Using seven dimensions of self-other relatedness that have often been confounded within the broader distinction between independence and interdependence, our analysis yields more specific understandings of both individual- and culture-level variations in response style. When using a Likert scale response format, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as similar to others, and where cultural models of selfhood favour harmony, similarity with others and receptiveness to influence. However, when using Schwartz’s (2007) portrait-comparison response procedure, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant but also connected to others, and where cultural models of selfhood favour self-reliance and self-consistency. Extreme responding varies less between the two types of response modes, and is most prevalent among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant, and in cultures favouring self-reliance. Since both types of response mode elicit distinctive styles of response, it remains important to estimate and control for style effects to ensure valid comparisons

Beyond the ‘East-West’ dichotomy: global variation in cultural models of selfhood

Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts

Desafíos conceptuales y metodológicos para la investigación en empresa y sociedad

Desafíos conceptuales y metodológicos para la investigación en empresa y socieda

Desafíos conceptuales y metodológicos para la investigación en empresa y sociedad

EditorialEditoria

Individualismo, colectivismo, factores psicosociales laborales y salud - un análisis de la influencia de los valores culturales en los modelos de demanda control y desbalance esfuerzo recompensa

Esta investigación busca evaluar si el estrés laboral se asocia con el malestar psicológico y la tensión arterial de los trabajadores y si los valores culturales del sujeto moderan dichas asociacionesDoctor en PsicologíaDoctorad

Estrés reto-obstáculo y pérdida de productividad y actividad: un análisis correlacional enfocado en el personal de enfermería

Introduction: Occupational stress, defined as a set of physiological and psychological reactions experienced by the organism when faced with environmental demands that exceed personal coping resources, can be seen as a reality inherent to the work context, especially in health care institutions. Aim. To examine the association between challenge-obstacle stress and loss of productivity/activity of nursing personnel working in two private Colombian health care institutions. Methods. This is a correlational-cross-sectional study based on the application of instruments: challenge-obstacle stress scale (ERO) and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire in its Spanish version during the year 2022, which were applied to 95 nursing professionals and 51 nursing assistants. Results. It was found that the average challenge stress is higher than obstacle stress and the percentage of work absences due to stress is very low. The ERO model was not associated with absenteeism, but significantly and positively predicted presenteeism, loss of activity and economic losses due to stress. Conclusions. It is crucial to adjust interventions focused on the management of psychosocial occupational risks in health care workers according to the differential weight of challenge stress and obstacle stress in the explanation of productivity/activity loss.Introducción: El estrés laboral, definido como un conjunto de reacciones fisiológicas y psicológicas que experimenta el organismo cuando enfrenta demandas ambientales que exceden los recursos personales de afrontamiento, puede ser visto como una realidad inherente al contexto laboral, sobre todo en instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud. Objetivo. Examinar la asociación entre el estrés reto-obstáculo y la pérdida de productividad/actividad del personal de enfermería que labora en dos Instituciones Prestadoras de Salud privadas colombianas. Métodos. Este es un estudio correlacional - transversal basado en la aplicación de instrumentos: escala estrés reto-obstáculo (ERO) y el Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire en su versión en español durante el año 2022, los cuales fueron aplicados a 95 Profesionales de Enfermería y 51 auxiliares de enfermería. Resultados. Se encontró que el promedio de estrés reto es mayor al de estrés obstáculo y el porcentaje de ausencias laborales por estrés es muy bajo. El modelo ERO no se asoció con el ausentismo laboral, pero predijo significativa y positivamente el presentismo, la pérdida de actividad y las pérdidas económicas por estrés. Conclusiones. Es crucial ajustar las intervenciones enfocadas en la gestión de riesgos psicosociales laborales en trabajadores de la salud según el peso diferencial del estrés reto y estrés obstáculo en la explicación de la pérdida de productividad/actividad

Contextualism as an Important Facet of Individualism-Collectivism: Personhood Beliefs Across 37 National Groups

Beliefs about personhood are understood to be a defining feature of individualism-collectivism (I-C), but they have been insufficiently explored, given the emphasis of research on values and self-construals. We propose the construct of contextualism, referring to beliefs about the importance of context in understanding people, as a facet of cultural collectivism. A brief measure was developed and refined across 19 nations (Study 1: N = 5,241), showing good psychometric properties for cross-cultural use and correlating well at the nation level with other supposed facets and indicators of I-C. In Study 2 (N = 8,652), nation-level contextualism predicted ingroup favoritism, corruption, and differential trust of ingroup and outgroup members, while controlling for other facets of I-C, across 35 nations. We conclude that contextualism is an important part of cultural collectivism. This highlights the importance of beliefs alongside values and self-representations and contributes to a wider understanding of cultural processes