A reassessment of anti-Ottoman palacards in Syria, 1878-1881

Makale yazarı aynı zamanda kitap editörü olduğu için önsöz bilgisi, ayrı bir dosya olarak verilmiştir. Kitabın basılı hali İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'nde mevcuttur.Soon after the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877-78, anti-Ottoman placards appeared in important cities of the province of Syria, like Beirut and Damascus, between 1878 and 1881. There are four groups of placards that appeared in Syria during the period under study. The first instance took place in July 1878 when two placards, one in Turkish and one in Arabic, appeared on the streets of Damascus. The second group appeared on the streets of Beirut in June 1880 and John Dickson, the British acting consul, provided a copy of each of the two different placards in Arabic. The third group of placards were posted up on the streets of Beirut, Sidon and Tripoli, and Dickson provided the British Foreign Office with a copy of the placard that had appeared in Beirut. The last placard under review is a printed one, dated March 1881 and distributed by the foreign postal services to the European consuls serving in the Arab province

Soğuk Savaş sonrası Türkiye'nin jeopolitik vizyonunun ve kimliğinin dış politika yoluyla yeniden inşası : İsmail Cem örneği (1997-2002)

This thesis seeks to reveal how civilizational discourse influences foreign policy making and undertakes a comprehensive content analysis of the foreign policy discourse of Ismail Cem, Turkey’s foreign minister from 1997 to 2002, who made major contributions to the civilizational geopolitical discourse of Turkey as well as the identity discussions in foreign policy after the end of the Cold War. The thesis attempts to answer the question of whether it is possible to construct civilizational geopolitics that can coexist with pluralities (ethnic groups, nations, or civilizations) by minimizing boundary-producing practices, and, at the same time, by casting an active and “central” role to Turkey in foreign policy. This analysis is a critical examination seeking to reveal how and with what consequences Cem used the civilizational discourse in Turkey in order to justify his foreign policy practices. In accordance with this purpose, the first phase of this study has examined the historical background of the emergence of geopolitics and civilizational discussions and their introduction to Turkey from the perspective of critical geopolitics. In the second phase, the influence of the changing international conjuncture with the end of the Cold War over Turkey’s geopolitical value and identity perception have been discussed focusing on Ismail Cem’s tenure in office. Cem’s redefinition of Turkey’s identity, civilizational belonging and geopolitical vision have been deeply evaluated emphasizing the impact of national identity and history over the perception of geopolitical visions.Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ........................................................................................................vii List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................ix CHAPTERS 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Theoretical Background ................................................................................... 4 1.2. Motivation Behind The Study: Why Ismail Cem? ............................................. 5 1.3. Literature Review ............................................................................................. 7 1.4. Methodology of The Study ............................................................................... 9 1.5. Thesis Outline ................................................................................................. 12 2. Toward A Theory of Critical Geopolitics: Reconstructing Geography and Identity .................................................................................................................................... 14 2.1. Mapping the Earth: The Emergence of Classical Geopolitics ......................... 15 2.2. Unearthing the Mapping of the Earth: Critical Geopolitics as the “Critique of Classical Geopolitics” ............................................................................................. 20 2.2.1. History of Geopolitical Representations as the Basis of Spatial Practices .......................................................................................................................... 22 2.2.2. Geography and Governmentality ........................................................... 24 2.2.3. Critical Geopolitics and National Identity ............................................... 26 2.3. The History of the Concept of Civilization and Civilizational Discourse ......... 28 3. Historical Background of Turkey’s Civilizational Geopolitics ................................. 33 3.1. The Spread of Discussion of Civilization to the Ottoman Empire .................. 33 3.1.1. The Republican Era and the “Level of Contemporary Civilizations” ...... 35 3.1.2. An Alternative Perception of Civilization by the Prominent Islamist Intellectuals of the Republican Era ................................................................... 37 3.1.3. The History of Turkey’s Civilizational Geopolitics ................................... 39 3.2. The New World Order after the End of the Cold War.................................... 44 3.2.1. Turkey Loses Its Buffer Zone Status ........................................................ 45 3.2.2. Political Instability as a Challenge against Identity Discussions ............. 47 3.2.3. The Framework of Turkish Foreign Policy in the 1990 and Ismail Cem .......................................................................................................................... 47 4. Redefining Turkey’s Identity and Geopolitical Vision Via Foreign Policy-Making After the End of the Cold War: The Example of Ismail Cem ...................................... 49 4.1. Cem’s Political Life, Political Thought, and Transformation .......................... 52 4.2. Ismail Cem’s Redefinition of Turkey’s Identity and National Interests .......... 55 4.2.1. Ismail Cem’s Perspective on Identity and Civilization ............................ 55 4.2.2. Turkey’s National Interests ..................................................................... 62 4.2.2.1. Interpretation of the Foreign Policy of the Republican Era ............ 63 4.2.2.2. Interpretation of The Ataturk Period .............................................. 63 4.2.2.3. Interpretation of the The Post-Ataturk Period ............................... 65 4.2.2.4. Ismail Cem’s Redefinition of Turkey’s National Interests ............... 67 4.3. The Place of Turkey in the International Order .............................................. 70 4.3.1. Perception of Westernism and the European Union ............................. 70 4.3.2. Perception of the Middle East ................................................................ 72 4.3.3. Perception of Eurasia .............................................................................. 73 4.3.4. Friends vs Foes ........................................................................................ 73 4.3.4.1. Greece ............................................................................................. 74 4.3.4.2. Syria ................................................................................................. 76 4.3.5. New Horizons: Africa and Latin America ................................................ 77 4.3.5.1. The Africa Opening ......................................................................... 78 4.3.5.2. The Latin America Opening ............................................................. 79 5. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 81 References .................................................................................................................. 8

The symptoms of PTSD in women who are residents of shelters and were exposed to IPV:an investigation in the frame of cognitive model by Ehlers&Clark

In this study, the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women who are residents of shelters and were exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) is examined in the frame of the cognitive model by Ehlers and Clark (2000). The sample of the study consisted of 142 women aged between 19-55, in İstanbul. Assessment tools were the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), posttraumatic cognitions inventory (PTCI), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) and brief COPE inventory. In order to test the variables of cognitive model, multiple hierarchical regression analysis was used. Results indicated that 75.4% of women might fulfill the diagnostic criteria of PTSD. Moreover, the demographic and risk factors alone predicted the 12% of variance in PTSD symptoms. The final model including both risk factors and cognitive behavioral variables explained 41% of variance in PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, variables which explained a statistically significant amount of variance in PTSD were partner’s alcohol consumption, women’s past suicidal thoughts, absence of work experiences, family history of psychological disorders, posttraumatic negative cognitions about self. To sum up, the cognitive model of PTSD is a useful model to explain symptoms of PTSD in victims of IPV and can be used to developed beneficial treatment techniques for those women.Öz……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………iv Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..v İthaf………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..vi Teşekkür………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..vii İçindekiler……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..viii Tablolar Listesi………………………………………………………………………………………………………..xi Şekiller Ve Görseller Listesi…………………………………………………………………………………….xii Semboller Ve Kısaltmalar Listesi………………………..………………………………………..……..…xiii BÖLÜMLER 1. Giriş……………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1. Şiddet Kavramı…………………………………………………………………………………………..3 1.1.1. Kadına Yönelik Şiddet………………………………………………………………………4 1.1.2. Eş Şiddeti/Yakın Partner Şiddeti……………………………………………………….4 1.1.2.1. Fiziksel Şiddet………………………………………………………………………5 1.1.2.2. Duygusal Şiddet…………………………………………………………………..5 1.1.2.3. Cinsel Şiddet……………………………………………………………………….6 1.1.2.4. Ekonomik Şiddet………………………………………………………………….6 1.1.2.5. Dijital Şiddet………………………………………………………………………..7 1.1.2.6. Şiddet Döngüsü……………………………………………………………………7 1.2. Eş Şiddeti İle İlgili Yapılan Çalışmalar………………………………………………………….8 1.2.1. Eş Şiddetinin Dünya’daki Yaygınlığı………………………………………………….8 1.2.2. Eş Şiddetinin Türkiye’deki Yaygınlığı…………………………………………………9 1.2.3. Eş Şiddetini Açıklayan Psiko-Sosyal Kuramlar…………………………………11 1.2.4. Eş Şiddetindeki Risk Faktörleri, Demografik Faktörler Ve Koruyucu Faktörler………………………………………………………………………………………………….16 1.2.5. Eş Şiddetinin Sonuçları Ve Sığınma Evlerinde Kalan Kadınlarla İlgili Literatür…………………………………………………………………………………………………..19 1.3. Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu………………………………………………………………24 1.3.1. Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu DSM-5 Tanı Kriterleri…………………..24 1.3.2. Bilişsel model…………………………………………………………………………………27 1.4. Araştırmanın Amacı Ve Önemi…………………………………………………………………33 2. Yöntem .…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….34 2.1. Katılımcılar……………………………………………………………………………………………….34 2.2. Veri Toplama Araçları………………………………………………………………………………34 2.2.1. Kişisel Bilgi Formu………………………………………………………………………….34 2.2.2. DSM 5 İçin Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Kontrol Listesi- PCL-5…34 2.2.3. Travma Sonrası Bilişler Ölçeği-TSBÖ……………………………………………….35 2.2.4. Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeğinin Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu………………………………………………………………………………………………………36 2.2.5. Başa Çıkma Stilleri Ölçeği Kısa Formu- Brief COPE………………………….36 2.3. İşlem………………………………………………………………………………………………………..37 2.4. Verilerin Analizi………………………………………………………………………………………..37 3. Bulgular…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………39 3.1. Betimsel Analiz Bulguları………………………………………………………………………….39 3.2. Pearson Korelasyon Analizi Bulguları……………………………………………………….45 3.3. Çoklu Hiyerarşik Regresyon Analizi Bulguları……………………………………………49 4. Sonuç……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………….54 4.1.Betimsel Analiz Bulgularının Değerlendirilmesi………………………………………….54 4.2. Pearson Korelasyon Analizi Bulgularının İncelenmesi………………………………..58 4.3. Çoklu Hiyerarşik Regresyon Analizi Bulgularının Değerlendirilmesi…….…….61 4.4. Genel Değerlendirme……………………………………………………………………………….64 4.5. Klinik Doğurgular………………………………………………………………………………………65 4.6. Çalışmanın Sınırlılıkları……………………………………………………………………………..66 4.7. Yeni Çalışmalar İçin Öneriler……………………………………………………………………..67 Referanslar……………………….…………………………………………………………………………………..69 Ekler………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………….77 A. Bilgilendirilmiş Onam Formu…………………………………………………………………..77 B. Kişisel Bilgi Formu………………………………..………………………………..……………….78 C. Dsm 5 İçin Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Kontrol Listesi (Pcl-5)…………………………………………………………………………………….……………….…84 D. Travma Sonrası Bilişler Ölçeği (Tsbö)……………………………..………….…………..86 E. Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’nin Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu……………………………………………………………………………………………...………88 F. Başa Çıkma Stratejileri Kısa Formu (Brıef Cope)…………………..……………….90 G. Aile, Çalışma Ve Sosyal Hizmet Bakanlığı İzni……………………………….………92 H. Etik Kurul Onayı……………………………………………………………………….………….9

[Sultan Mehmed Reşad ve Mahmut Şevket Paşa'nın aralarında bulunduğu fotoğraf]

Mahmut Şevket Paşa Arşivi. Not: İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Öğretim Üyesi Doç.Dr. Kahraman Şakul aracılığıyla Mahmut Şevket Paşa ailesi tarafından bağışlanmıştır

[Mahmut Şevket Paşa, Enver Bey, Tevfik Bey ve Halid Bey'in Alman askeri yetkilileri ile fotoğrafı]

Mahmut Şevket Paşa Arşivi. Not: İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Öğretim Üyesi Doç.Dr. Kahraman Şakul aracılığıyla Mahmut Şevket Paşa ailesi tarafından bağışlanmıştır

[Mahmut Şevket Paşa ve Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Paşa'nın aralarında bulunduğu fotoğraf]

Mahmut Şevket Paşa Arşivi. Not: İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Öğretim Üyesi Doç.Dr. Kahraman Şakul aracılığıyla Mahmut Şevket Paşa ailesi tarafından bağışlanmıştır

Age and sex differences in basic personality traits and interpersonal problems across young adulthood

The present study aims to explore the nature of age and sex differences in personality constructs throughout the young adulthood; particularly differences on personality traits and interpersonal problems, on the basis of the five-factor model and the interpersonal circumplex model. The sample consisted of 514 participants from Turkey, 257 of whom were male, and 257 were female whose ages varied from 18 to 35 (M = 24.92). To strengthen the study results, participants in the sample were individually matched on both sex and age; so that there were same number of females and males at the same age. Results indicated that men were stronger in terms of openness and hostile-dominance, whereas women were stronger in neuroticism and agreeableness traits. Regarding age differences, conscientiousness had a significant increasing pattern whereas hostile-dominance had a significant decreasing pattern with aging throughout young adulthood. Implications of the findings were discussed in line with the literature considering stability versus change debate, and gender issues in personality within a cultural and developmental context

Small business lending and credit risk: Granger causality evidence

Because of their opaque nature, SMEs are overly reliant on bank lending. Therefore, we examine whether banks' credit supply to SMEs are affected by their financial conditions. To this end, we employ a Granger causality analysis to examine whether there is an indication of a significant direction of determination between SME lending and non-performing SME loans. The results reveal no bidirectional relationship between SME lending and NPL for the entire banking sector. For Islamic banks, however, we find two-way linkages between these two parameters: a negative causation is running both from SME lending to NPL growth and from NPL to SME lending. Given Islamic banks' deposit-oriented funding practices and their adherence to profit-and-loss sharing principles, this finding suggests the presence of heightened market discipline within the Islamic banking system

The sphere of consensus in a polarized media system: The case of Turkey during the catastrophic coup attempt

How does a highly polarized media system respond to a catastrophic event? The July 2016 coup attempt in Turkey provides fertile ground to examine how a catastrophic event has shaped the editorial policies of news media outlets in a highly polarized media system. This article hypothesizes that, mainly due to the peculiarities of the Turkish media system, even at the time of a catastrophic event, the framing strategies of media outlets converge only to a limited degree on a sphere of consensus. Adopting a content analysis methodology, we analyze the framing strategies of four national newspapers affiliated with specific sociopolitical camps (the pro-government Sabah, the moderate Hürriyet, and the oppositional Sözcü and Cumhuriyet). We reach the counterintuitive conclusion that these news outlets used different framing strategies in the immediate aftermath of the coup attempt and that the gap between them widened over the period of analysis

Eco-efficiency of electric vehicles in the United States:a life cycle assessment based principal component analysis

This research presents an integrated sustainability assessment framework applied to electric vehicle technologies in the United States of America. Two methods; principal component analysis and life cycle assessment are jointly used to present a novel integrated framework for eco-efficiency analysis of battery electric vehicles for each state in the USA. Three electricity production scenarios; 1) marginal electricity mix; 2) average electricity mix; and 3) 100% solar energy are investigated. Three environmental (water withdrawal, energy consumption and carbon emission) and one economic indicator as life cycle costing are merged to obtain the eco-efficiency scores of each state. The scenarios are compared by applying ANOVA and Tukey/HSD test regarding their environmental and economic values. Then, a comparison is done based on the eco-efficiency values of states in each scenario, separately. The results showed that the maximum eco-efficiency scores are obtained in three states such as Indiana, Texas and New Mexico based on marginal electricity scenario, average electricity mix scenario and solar energy scenario, respectively. The findings also revealed that 100% solar charging scenario is the most environmentally friendly option because of the environmental impacts in terms of water, energy and carbon footprints. The researchers concluded that the proposed integrated framework for eco-efficiency of electric vehicle technologies has a strong application potential for policy making in sustainability performance assessment where multiple sustainability indicators' are aimed to be integrated into the decision making process, especially to deal with the multi-collinearity associated with environmental life cycle impact data. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd