1,039 research outputs found
R&D efforts towards a neutrino factory
The R&D efforts towards a neutrino factory are outlined with special emphasis
on the muon cooling issue and the data collected for target optimization.Comment: contribution to NOW08, Conca Specchiulla, Otranto, 200
Status and prospects for hadron production experiments
Hadron production measurements for neutrino experiments is a well established field at CERN since the ’70s. Precise prediction of atmospheric neutrino fluxes, characterization of accelerator neutrino beams, quantification of pion production and capture for neutrino factory designs, all of these would profit from hadron production measurements. In recent years, interest in such studies was revived and new generation of low-energy (from 3 to 400 GeV) hadron production experiments were built or proposed. Such experiments all share a basic design, consisting in the presence of open-geometry spectrometers, as close as possible to full angular coverage, and aiming at full particle identification. Many new results are now provided by Harp in the very low energy range (3 to 15 GeV/c). NA61 at CERN and MIPP at Fermilab are taking data and in the next years will explore the medium energy range (up to 400 GeV/c). Finally at LHC energies for the first time thanks to the TOTEM experiment, it will be possible to measure with unprecedented precision the total cross section beyond 1 TeV/c
Forward production of charged pions with incident on nuclear targets measured at the CERN PS
Measurements of the double-differential production cross-section
in the range of momentum 0.5 \GeVc \leq p \le 8.0 \GeVc and angle 0.025 \rad
\leq \theta \le 0.25 \rad in interactions of charged pions on beryllium,
carbon, aluminium, copper, tin, tantalum and lead are presented. These data
represent the first experimental campaign to systematically measure forward
pion hadroproduction. The data were taken with the large acceptance HARP
detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN PS. Incident particles, impinging on a
5% nuclear interaction length target, were identified by an elaborate system of
beam detectors. The tracking and identification of the produced particles was
performed using the forward spectrometer of the HARP detector. Results are
obtained for the double-differential cross-sections mainly at four incident pion beam
momenta (3 \GeVc, 5 \GeVc, 8 \GeVc and 12 \GeVc). The measurements are compared
with the GEANT4 and MARS Monte Carlo simulationComment: to be published on Nuclear Physics
Cross-Sections of Large-Angle Hadron Production in Proton- and Pion-Nucleus Interactions III: Tantalum Nuclei and Beam Momenta from +/-3 Gev/c to +/-15 Gev/c
We report on double-differential inclusive cross-sections of the production
of secondary protons, charged pions, and deuterons, in the interactions with a
5% nuclear interaction length thick stationary tantalum target, of proton and
pion beams with momentum from +/-3 GeV/c to +/-15 GeV/c. Results are given for
secondary particles with production angles between 20 and 125 degrees. They are
of particular relevance for the optimization of the design parameters of the
proton driver of a neutrino factory.Comment: 68 pages, 12 figures, corrections in v2: added 'HARP -CDP group' to
author name, corrected two typos in Table 4 (last two p values for 65-90
degrees were all 0.972
T2K and Beyond
This paper presents the state of the art of the T2K experiment and the measurements prospects for the incoming years. After a brief description of the experiment, the most recent results will be illustrated. The observation of the electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam and the new high-precision measurements of the mixing angle θ13 by the reactor experiments have led to a reevaluation of the expected sensitivity to the oscillation parameters, relative to what was given in the original T2K proposal. For this reason the new physics potential of T2K for 7.8×1021 p.o.t. and for data exposure 3 times larger than that expected to be reachable with accelerator and beam line upgrades in 2026 before the start of operation of the next generation of long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments will also be described in the text. In particular the last challenging scenario opens the door to the possibility of obtaining, under some conditions, a 3σ measurement excluding sin(δCP)=0
MiniBooNE
The physics motivations, design, and status of the Booster Neutrino
Experiment at Fermilab, MiniBooNE, are briefly discussed. Particular emphasis
is given on the ongoing preparatory work that is needed for the MiniBooNE muon
neutrino to electron neutrino oscillation appearance search. This search aims
to confirm or refute in a definitive and independent way the evidence for
neutrino oscillations reported by the LSND experiment.Comment: 3 pages, no figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 9th
International Conference on Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP
2005), Zaragoza, Spain, 10-14 Sep 200
Large-angle production of charged pions by 3 GeV/c - 12.9 GeV/c protons on beryllium, aluminium and lead targets
Measurements of the double-differential production cross-section
in the range of momentum 100 \MeVc \leq p < 800 \MeVc and angle 0.35 \rad
\leq \theta < 2.15 \rad in proton--beryllium, proton--aluminium and
proton--lead collisions are presented. The data were taken with the HARP
detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN PS. The pions were produced by proton
beams in a momentum range from 3 \GeVc to 12.9 \GeVc hitting a target with a
thickness of 5% of a nuclear interaction length. The tracking and
identification of the produced particles was performed using a small-radius
cylindrical time projection chamber (TPC) placed inside a solenoidal magnet.
Incident particles were identified by an elaborate system of beam detectors.
Results are obtained for the double-differential cross-sections at six incident
proton beam momenta (3 \GeVc, 5 \GeVc, 8 \GeVc, 8.9 \GeVc (Be only), 12 \GeVc
and 12.9 \GeVc (Al only)) and compared to previously available data
A new design for the CERN-Fr\'ejus neutrino Super Beam
We present an optimization of the hadron focusing system for a low-energy
high-intensity conventional neutrino beam (Super-Beam) proposed on the basis of
the HP-SPL at CERN with a beam power of 4 MW and an energy of 4.5 GeV. The far
detector would be a 440 kton Water Cherenkov detector (MEMPHYS) located at a
baseline of 130 km in the Fr\'ejus site. The neutrino fluxes simulation relies
on a new GEANT4 based simulation coupled with an optimization algorithm based
on the maximization of the sensitivity limit on the mixing angle.
A new configuration adopting a multiple horn system with solid targets is
proposed which improves the sensitivity to and the CP violating
phase .Comment: 11 pages, 18 figures, 2 table
Measurement of the production of charged pions by protons on a tantalum target
A measurement of the double-differential cross-section for the production of
charged pions in proton--tantalum collisions emitted at large angles from the
incoming beam direction is presented. The data were taken in 2002 with the HARP
detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN PS. The pions were produced by proton
beams in a momentum range from 3 \GeVc to 12 \GeVc hitting a tantalum target
with a thickness of 5% of a nuclear interaction length. The angular and
momentum range covered by the experiment (100 \MeVc \le p < 800 \MeVc and
0.35 \rad \le \theta <2.15 \rad) is of particular importance for the design
of a neutrino factory. The produced particles were detected using a
small-radius cylindrical time projection chamber (TPC) placed in a solenoidal
magnet. Track recognition, momentum determination and particle identification
were all performed based on the measurements made with the TPC. An elaborate
system of detectors in the beam line ensured the identification of the incident
particles. Results are shown for the double-differential cross-sections
at four incident
proton beam momenta (3 \GeVc, 5 \GeVc, 8 \GeVc and 12 \GeVc). In addition, the
pion yields within the acceptance of typical neutrino factory designs are shown
as a function of beam momentum. The measurement of these yields within a single
experiment eliminates most systematic errors in the comparison between rates at
different beam momenta and between positive and negative pion production.Comment: 49 pages, 31 figures. Version accepted for publication on Eur. Phys.
J.
PPARγ and cognitive performance
Recent findings have led to the discovery of many signaling pathways that link nuclear receptors with human conditions, including mental decline and neurodegenerative diseases. PPARγ agonists have been indicated as neuroprotective agents, supporting synaptic plasticity and neurite outgrowth. For these reasons, many PPARγ ligands have been proposed for the improvement of cognitive performance in different pathological conditions. In this review, the research on this issue is extensively discussed
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